Part Ⅰ Writing Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Ability and Good Looks. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
University Merger University merger, a hot topic both on and off campus, has received much public attention. People's attitudes towards it vary greatly. Some people favor it as an important step that universities take towards the goal of first-rate world universities. They argue that, only through mergers can universities give full play to their own advantages and make up for their disadvantages. Take the merger between Tsinghua University and the Institute of Applied Arts as an example. The former's strengths in the field of high technology complement the latter's reputation for art. They also point out that university mergers will increase the competitive power of Chinese universities in the world. In spite of these arguments, there are those who see it as a hasty decision which has some potential problems. For instance, located far away from each other, the universities involved in a merger are usually faced with tough problems of management, student security, etc. In my opinion, university merger has more advantages than disadvantages. However, universities should also take into account the potential dangers resulting from mergers and take some measures to solve these problems.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Natural-gas Vehicles Kermit the Frog once said, "It's not that easy be in green." Although he wasn't referring to cars, his observation seems particularly appropriate for the auto industry today: Designing, developing and marketing "green" cars has not been an easy task, which is why gasoline-powered vehicles still rule the road and fossil fuels still account for almost 75 percent of the world's energy consumption. As gasoline prices soar and concern over harmful emission mounts, however, cars that run on alternate fuel sources will become increasingly important. A natural-gas vehicle, or NGV, is the perfect example of such a car -- it's fuel-efficient, environmentally friendly and offers a relatively low cost of ownership. Natural Gas Basics The word "gas" is a confusing term because it is used to describe many different substances that are similar but not exactly the same. For example, the "gas" you put in your car is gasoline, one component of crude oil, or petroleum. Petroleum is a dark, sticky liquid mixture of compounds formed underground by the decay of ancient marine animals. Natural gas also comes from the decay of ancient organisms, but it naturally takes a gaseous form instead of a liquid form. Natural gas commonly occurs in association with crude oil. It is derived from both land plants and aquatic (水生的) organic matter and forms above or below oil deposits. It is often dissolved in crude oil at the high pressures existing in a reservoir. There are also reservoirs of natural gas, known as non-associated gas, that contain only gas and no oil. Natural gas consists primarily of methane (沼气) and other hydrocarbon gases. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed only of the elements carbon and hydrogen. The hydrocarbons in natural gas are called saturated hydrocarbons because they contain hydrogen and carbon bound together by single bonds. Like gasoline, natural gas is combustible (易燃的), which means it can be used in a combustion engine like gasoline. But cars that could burn natural gas didn't appear on the scene until the 1930s. From Field to Ford We extract natural gas trapped in underground reservoirs by drilling wells into the earth. A modern well. equipped with diamond-studded drill bits, can drill to depths approaching 25.000 feet. Throughout the 19th century, the use of natural gas remained localized because there was no way to transport large quantities of gas over long distances, in 1890, the invention of a leakproof pipeline coupling made it possible to transport gas miles from the source. Improvements in pipeline technology continued over the next two decades until long-distance gas transmission became practical. From 1927 to 1931, ,laborers constructed more than t0 major natural gas transmission systems in the United States, making natural gas a viable energy source for many applications. The oil shortages of the late 1960s and early 1970s brought renewed interest in natural gas as a fuel source, especially for automobiles. Today, owners of natural-gas vehicles can fill up their cars at one of 1,300 fueling stations located in the United States. Honda also offers a personal natural gas pump to people who purchase its natural-gas-powered Civic. The pump uses a home's existing natural gas lines and can be installed for $ 500 to $1500. Natural-gas Vehicle Design Natural-gas vehicles use the same basic principles as gasoline-powered vehicles. In other words, the fuel (natural gas in this case) is mixed with air in the cylinder of a four-stroke engine and then ignited by a spark plug to move a piston (活塞) up and down. Although there are some differences between natural gas and gasoline in terms of flamability and ignition temperatures, NGVs themselves operate on the same fundamental concepts as gasoline-powered vehicles. Still, some modifications are required to make an NGV work efficiently. These changes are primarily in the fuel storage tank, the engine and the chassis(底盘). Advantages The biggest advantage of NGVs is that they reduce environmentally harmful emissions. Natural-gas vehicles can achieve up to a 93 percent reduction in carbon monoxide emissions, 33 percent reduction in emissions of various oxides of nitrogen and a 50 percent reduction in reactive hydrocarbons when compared to gasoline vehicles. NGVs also rate higher in particulate matter 10 (PM10) emissions. PM10 particles transport and deposit toxic materials through the air. NGVs that operate in diesel applications can reduce PM10 emissions by a factor of 10. Natural-gas vehicles also offer these benefits: NGVs are safer. The fuel storage tanks on an NGV are thicker and stronger than gasoline or diesel tanks. There has not been an NGV fuel-tank rupture in more than two years in the United States. Natural gas costs are lower than gasoline. On average, natural gas costs one-third less than gasoline at the pump. Natural gas is convenient and abundant. A well-established pipeline infrastructure exists in the United States to deliver natural gas to almost every urban area and most suburban areas. There are more than 1,300 NGV fueling stations in the United States, and more are being added every day. Natural gas prices have exhibited significant stability compared to oil prices. Historically, natural gas prices have exhibited significant price stability compared to the prices of petroleumbased fuels. This stability makes it easier to plan accurately for long-term costs. NGVs have lower maintenance costs. Because natural gas burns so cleanly, it results in less wear and tear on the engine and extends the time between tune-ups and oil changes. Disadvantages One of the biggest complaints about NGVs is that they aren't as roomy as gasoline cars. This is because NGVs have to give up precious cargo and trunk space to accommodate the fuel storage cylinders. Not only that, these cylinders can be expensive to design and build — a contributing factor to the higher overall costs of a Natural-gas vehicle compared to a gasoline-powered car. Another drawback is the limited driving range of NGVs, which is typically about half that of a gasoline-powered vehicle. For example, Honda's natural gas Civic, the Civic GX, can go up to 220 miles without refueling. A typical gasoline-powered Civic can go approximately 350 miles without refueling. If a dedicated NGV ran out of fuel on the road. it would have to be towed to the owner's home or to a local natural gas refueling station, which might be harder to find than a "regular" gas station. Finally, it should be noted that natural gas, like gasoline, is a fossil fuel and cannot be considered a renewable resource. While natural gas reserves in the United States are still considerable, they are not inexhaustible. Some predict that there are enough natural gas reserves remaining to last another 67.1 years, assuming that the 2003 level of production continues.
1. This passage explains the basic idea of natural gas and compares the performances of different types of NGVs.
N
[解析] 文章前半部分介绍了有关天然气的基本知识,This passage explains the basic idea of natural gas表述正确;但文章后半部分是从整体上对NGVs(天然气交通工具)的优缺点进行介绍,而不是将其按不同类型划分以比较具体性能,compares the performances of different types of NGVs表述错误。
2. The basic principles applied to natural-gas vehicles are quite different from those applied to gasoline-powered vehicles.
N
[解析] 本题涉及天然气交通工具的工作原理。小标题Natural Gas Vehicle Design下首段第一句指出天然气交通工具和汽油交通工具使用the same basic principles,题干中的quite different与此相悖。
3. More and more people are fond of NGVs because they help reduce deaths in car accidents to a great degree.
4. The price of natural gas is cheaper and more stable than that of gasoline.
Y
[解析] 本题涉及天然气的价格问题。在小标题Advantage下第三段和第五段分别提到Natural gas costs are lower than gasoline及Natural gas prices have exhibited significant stability compared to oil prices,综合这两方面进行同义转述可知该句表述正确。
5. Often associated with crude oil, natural gas is principally made up of___________ and other hydrocarbon gases.
methane。
[解析] 本题涉及天然气的组成成分。小标题Natural Gas Basics下第三段首句Natural gas consists primarily of methane and other hydrocarbon gases为答案出处。题干是对其进行了同义转述(is principally made up of对应consists primarily of)。
6. NGVs aren't as roomy as gasoline cars because they have to give up cargo and trunk space to accommodate the___________.
fuel storage cylinders。
[解析] 本题涉及天然气交通工具不够宽敞的原因。小标题Disadvantage下首段一、二句…NGVs…aren't as roomy as gasoline cars.This is because NGVs have to give up precious cargo and trunk space to accommodate the fuel storage cylinders为答案出处。题干将两句话结合为了一个因果关系的主从句。
7. Both natural gas and gasoline are___________ and thus neither can be considered renewable.
fossil fuels。
[解析] 本题涉及天然气和石油都不能再生的原因。小标题Disadvantage下第三段首句Finally,it should be noted that natural gas,like gasoline,is a fossil fuel and cannot be considered a renewable resource为答案出处。题干将原文的并列句转换为了一个因果关系的主从句。
8. During the 19th century, natural gas was used on a local scale because of the difficult situation in___________.
transportation。
[解析] 本题涉及19世纪时天然气资源只能在当地利用的原因。小标题From Field to Ford下第二段首句Throughout the 19th century,the use of natural gas remained localized because there was no way to transport large quantities of gas over long distances为题干出处。题目要求对文中的transport large quantities of gas over long distances进行归纳概括。
9. Natural gas trapped in underground reservoirs is extracted by___________.
drilling wells into the earth。
[解析] 本题涉及开采天然气的方式。小标题From Field to Ford下首段首句We extract natural gas trapped in underground reservoirs by drilling wells into the earth为答案出处。题干将原文的主动语态转换成了被动语态。
10. People resumed their interest in natural gas as a fuel as a result of ___________ of the late 1960s and early 1970s.
the oil shortages。
[解析] 本题涉及人们重新关注天然气燃料的原因。小标题From Field to Ford下第二段最后一句The oil shortages of the late 1960s and early 1970s brought renewed interest in natural gas as a fuel source,especially for automobiles为答案出处。题干对原文的句式进行了转换,resumed their interest对应文中的brought renewed interest。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
[听力原文] 19-22 W: OK, Mr. Taylor, let's go ahead and begin. First of all, tell me about your last job. M: Well, as stated on my resume, I worked for five years at Hi Tech Computers. W: OK, Hi Tech. And what do you know about computer networks and operating systems including DOS, Windows, Macintosh OS, and UNIX? M: Umm...well...I did come in contact with computers every night at my last job. W: Hum...And how about web site authoring skills? We are looking for someone to create and manage our company's web site which would include the development, configuration, and use of DOS, Windows, Macintosh OS, and CGI scripts. M: Umm...uh, web page, web page. Huh...I don't think I've read that book, and Fm afraid I've never used those CGI things. W: Huh?! And what about experience with Java or JavaScript? M: Well...I think I've tried Java at a foreign coffee shop one time, if that's what you mean. W: OK, Mr. Taylor, I think I have all the information I need! M: Oh, and I really like computer games. I play them every day. W: Right, right. Thanks Mr. Taylor. M: Believe me. I have confidence in myself. W: I see. We'll be in touch. 19. What is the main topic of this conversation?
B.She will talk over their discussion with others.
C.She will ask her colleagues to call Mr. Taylor.
D.She will not contact him for further consideration.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] What does the woman mean when she says "We'll be in touch." at the end of the conversation?
综合推断题。男士在整个谈话过程中答非所问,女士通过男士的回答显然清楚了他根本不是公司所需要的人,因此她不会考虑让男士来工作或再次面试,We'll be in touch只是她委婉拒绝的一种方式,故选D。 [考点] be in touch 意为“保持联系”,与名同touch相关的短语还有:out of touch(with sb.)(与某人)无联系; out of/in touch with sth. (不)了解某事的信息;a touch少许,例如:It's a touch hot bday. 今天有点儿热。
[听力原文] 23-25 W: Hi, Kevin. Your roommate told me that I could find you at the TV. What are you doing here? M: What does it look like I am doing? W: Well, it looks like you are watching television. (23) But we have a math mid-term tomorrow, so I thought you'd be studying for it and maybe I can study with you. M: (24)Oh, well, I was just taking a break. This math stuff gives me a headache if I work on it too long. You know I don't really like it. W: I know what you mean. I've been working on it for three hours through it already. I'm beginning to get across. I was trying to figure out mine of the sample problems. I just don't get some of them. M: But I can't believe you are coming to me. I mean you do know what I got on the last test, don't you? W: Yeah, I know. You told me. I just thought two heads might be better than one. M: Yeah, that's a nice idea. But... you know, I wish I knew that person in our class who got a hundred on the last test. She didn't miss a question. Umm... was it Elizabeth? W: Oh yeah, Elizabeth! She is a friend of mine. She'd be a big help right now. Why don't I give her a call? M: (25)What! At this hour? It's already ten thirty. I don't want to impose on her. W: Yeah, I guess you are right. But you know what; she owes me a big favor. Let's at least give her a call and see what she says. Maybe going over some of the problems with us would help her review the material. M: It's worth a try. 23. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
6.
A.He's taking a break from studying.
B.He has already finished studying.
C.He was assigned to watch a program by his professor.
D.He's finding out some information for a friend.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Why is the man watching television?
7.
A.He and Elizabeth argued recently.
B.He heard Elizabeth did poorly on the last test.
C.He doesn't want to bother Elizabeth so late in the evening.
D.He'd rather study in his own dormitory.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] Why doesn't the man want to call Elizabeth?
[听力原文]19-21 M: Are you going to the demonstration to help stop the spread of nuclear weapons tomorrow? W: No, Simon. I hate demonstrations. I have heard the police will be standing by with tear gas. I don't want to get involved in a riot. Besides, I don't see why the United States should be the only country allowed nuclear weapons. M: Yes, but North Korea boasting it has nuclear arms is scary. Nobody knows who has and who doesn't have nuclear arms anymore. There are too many crazy people in the world. Someone has to put a stop to nuclear weapons to save the world from either a bad accident or bad people or terrorists. W: One hundred ninety countries have signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty but the issues are just too complex. There are two sides to every story. I don't understand it and I have no intention of going to a demonstration. Demonstrations don't seem to accomplish anything anyway. M: Several demonstrations have changed politicians' minds throughout history. As a responsible citizen I think it is important to stand up for what you believe in. W: Leave it to someone else. As I said, if you listen to both sides of the story, both sides have some good points. I am not an expert on world affairs. Why should I demonstrate and risk getting hurt for something that I am not even sure is right? M: You are not likely to get hurt. This will he a peaceful demonstration. I have spoken to the organizer for the university group. He has ordered 25 buses to take students downtown. He insists that this will be peaceful. He advocates if you want world peace, peace begins at home—and that means right here in this city. He has asked everyone to be calm. Placards and signs are being prepared for us to carry, but he is insisting students just march, not get angry or confrontational. W: You go if you want to, Simon, but I plan to study for my physics exam. M: It would only take two hours of your day. The bus leaves the campus at 11:30 and leaves downtown to return to campus at 12:45. You could eat your lunch on the bus. W: I am not going, Simon. Why don't you ask the students in your political science class this afternoon if they want to go? M: They are all going. We discussed weapons of mass destruction and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in our last tutorial. The decision about attending the demonstration was unanimous. All 26 of us decided we definitely wanted to go. Some students are making placards and banners tonight. I am not sure I will be able to help them as I need to study for that physics exam too. W: It is interesting that your whole political science class is going to the demonstration. Do you have a very persuasive leader in the class? M: There are a few outspoken people who can present a good argument, but I think most people had already made their mind up to attend before the discussion. There are a lot of pacifists in the group but even the more conservative students are keen to go to this demonstration. W: Okay, Simon. I need to meet my sister for coffee now. M: Bye. See you in physics class tomorrow. 19. What issue is the demonstration about? [答案解析] 细节题。谈话开始,男士说Are you going to the demonstration to help stop the spread of nuclear weapons tomorrow?(你明天去参加有助停止核武器蔓延的游行示威吗?)所以答案为D。 [圈定关键词] problem [听前预测] 四个选项都出现了problem一词,可以推断,本题考查的应该是某个时间涉及的是什么类型的问题。
9.
A.To state strongly that it is illegal to demonstrate.
B.To reiterate the opinion that the demonstration is for the wrong cause.
C.To convince the man that the issues are really complex.
D.To support her reasoning for not going to a demonstration.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] Why does the woman say "Demonstrations don't seem to accomplish anything anyway."? [答案解析] 推理判断题。女士说道the issues are just too complex.(这个话题太复杂了。)I don't understand it and I have no intention of going to a demonstration.(我对此不了解,我也不打算去参加游行。)陈述了自己不去参加游行示威活动的理由之后,又说即使去了也没有什么用处,即为了给自己不去参加游行示威增强说服力。因此答案是D。 [圈定关键词] state, reiterate, convince, support [听前预测] 选项均为表目的的动词不定式,因此推测本题可能考查做某事的目的。
10.
A.She cannot believe the fact that all the students in a class decided to go to the demonstration.
B.She is sure that there isn't a wonderful leader in any class to lead other students.
C.She wants to know exactly who the oratory leader in the class is.
D.She feels that she is left out.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Why does the woman say "Do you have a very persuasive leader in the class"? [答案解析] 推理判断题。女士听说所有学生都去参加示威后,推测肯定是有人煽动的。女士说It is interesting that your whole political science class is going to the demonstration. Do you have a very persuasive leader in class? (真有趣,你们整个班去参加游行,你们班里有煽动性的领导吗?)由此判断她不相信所有听课的学生都去参加示威。答案是A。 [圈定关键词] cannot believe, sure, wants to know, feels [听前预测] 选项中的关键词都与想法心情有关;所以问题可能是What's her opinion…?或What does she the want?
Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
1. Why did Nick and Doug fail to move up the piano to the house?
A.The floor is slick.
B.The staircase is tilted.
C.The passage is narrow.
D.The tread is unsteady.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] 26-28 Pianos are normally found in building for obvious reasons. However, there's one piano in the city in the north of England that has a more unusual home-in the street. When Nick and Doug were moving into their new house, they couldn't get their piano up the steps because the,/ were too steep. So they ended up leaving the piano on the pavement and all of a sudden they found that local people started to play it, and it very quickly became known as the street piano. At some point, the council threatened to take it away [27]because they said it was an obstruction to the pavement. Then all the local players were up in arms about it and put notes all over the piano saying, "Please save the street piano." These are all the messages of support that people have stuck on the piano. One of them says, "Don't get rid of the street piano, its part of our heritage now. We love you, street piano." And another says, "I find I trip over wheelie bins much more often than pianos. Save the street piano." Some older member of the community says, "I think it's great, I think it's wonderful, as I walk by, young people no more horse around but have a go on it. I think it's a legend in its own lifetime, it's something that is famous and admired during its life." Nick and Doug thought that they were going to lose it but it looks like they might be able to save their street piano. [解析] 短文说,不能把钢琴搬上楼的原因是楼梯太陡了。故答案是B。 [点睛] 四个选择是四种描述,根据提示词floor,staircase,passage,tread,初步猜测题目与建筑物的特征有关。原文中出现了steps,指的是楼梯台阶,也就对应B中的staircase,tilted即是steep的同义替换。
2. What was the reason the council gave to take the piano away?
B.They think travel gives them their money's worth.
C.They find many of the banks untrustworthy.
D.They lack the expertise to make capital investments.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] 26-28 Everyone is looking for a good investment these days. And with stocks, currencies and companies all crashing, some are finding that taking the trip of a lifetime is actually a smart move right now. Prices are good, crowds are fewer and the dividends like expanded worldview, lifelong memories, the satisfaction of boosting the global economycan't be easily snatched away. Sylvia and Paul Custerson, a retired couple from Cambridge, England, recently took a 16-day vacation to Namibia, where they went on birdwatching excursions. Later this year, they are planning a trip to Patagonia. "We're using our capital now," says Sylvia, "And why not? We're not getting any interest in the bank. If it's a place we really want to go, then we will go. We may as well travel while we're fit and healthy. " Some travel agents are thriving in spite of the economy. "We've had more people booking in the first quarter of this year than last," says Hubert Moineau, founder of Tselana Travel, which is planning to introduce a new program of longer adventure trips, including polar expeditions and cruises in the Galápagos. "We're hearing things like, 'We don't know what the situation will be in six months so let's travel now' ", Ashley Toft, managing director of the U. K. tour operator Explore has been surprised to see an increase in last-minute bookings of high-priced trips to such places as India, Bhutan and Nepal. "It seems people would rather give up something else than the big trip," he says. Travel has become a necessity. It's just how we travel that is changing.
篇章类型及提要:社会现象,经济相关 听力点睛: 本文介绍了在总体市场经济不景气的前提下,旅游业异军突起现象及其前因后果。文章开篇就介绍总的社会背景是各种不景气前提下,外出旅游成为人们的选择之一,紧接着以一个例子来证明。然后旅行社相关的权威人物的话语中更是证明目前旅游业正风头正劲。文章中出现的金融词汇,人名、地名及职务名称,如investment, investment, Namibia, Namibia, managing director of the U. K. tour operator Explore等。一定程度上会让考生觉得头疼,且分散注意力。这就需要考生有一定对重要信息的提取能力。人名、地名及职务名称等听过有个印象就好,不必过于纠结。 [解析] 推断题。本题问如今一些人愿意把钱花在旅游上的原因。第一题通常从听力开头去定位答案。文章第一句"Everyone is looking for a good investment", 紧接着说明但如今股票市场,货币投资和公司都不太景气(crashing),一些人就发现旅行不失为一个不错的“投资”,( taking the trip of a lifetime is actually a smart move) 这钱花得也值。
5.
A.Lower their prices to attract more customers.
B.Introduce travel packages for young travelers.
C.Design programs targeted at retired couples.
D.Launch a new program of adventure trips.
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。看到Tselana Travel直接锁定目标,且听力中也给出了"planning to introduce..."排除其他选秀。 旅游业兴盛起来,那么相应的旅行社等必然会采取措施,争取吸引客户获得经济利益。所以听的时候我们要格外注意,要对旅行社的行为要注意听。
6.
A.The role of travel agents.
B.The way people travel.
C.The number of last-minute bookings.
D.The prices of polar expeditions.
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。关键词"Ashley Toft"和"changing",考生容易选C选项,因为这个Ashley Toft也提到了last-minute bookings数字的增长。但是一定要把文章听完,最后给出了"Travel has become a necessity. It's just how we travel that is changing." 2个选项一对比,B选项更为合适。 The way people travel和how we travel用到了同义替换。也再次说明,听力首尾都是听力常考的重点区域,不可掉以轻心。
C.It is to evaluate positively and hold high regard.
D.It is to think only the positive even when we lose.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] 29-32 Our culture is concerned with matters of self-esteem. Self-respect, on the other hand, may hold the key to achieving the peace of mind we seek. The two concepts seem very similar but the differences between them are crucial. To esteem anything is to evaluate it positively and hold it high regard, but evaluation gets us into trouble because while we sometimes win, we also sometimes lose. To respect something, on the other hand, is to accept it. The word acceptance suggests to some readers that our culture does indeed deal with this idea of self-respect; after all, don't we have the concept that it is important to accept our limitations? Aren't many of us encouraged to change the things we can change, accept the things we cannot change and know the difference between the two? The person with self-respect simply likes herself or himself. This self-respect is not dependent on success because there are always failures to contend with. Neither is it a result of comparing ourselves with others because there is always someone better. There are techniques usually employed to increase self-esteem. Self-respect, however, is a given. We simply like ourselves because of who we are and not because of what we can or cannot do. My recent research, with Judith White and Johnny Walsh at Harvard University, points to the advantage of self-respect. Compared to those with high self-esteem who are still caught in an evaluative framework, those with self-respect are less prone to blame, guilt, regret, lies, have secrets and stress. 29.What do we learn about self-esteem?
[听前预测] 预览四道题各选项,由选项中的self-respect,is…different from和self-esteem等可知,短文与self-respect和self-esteem两个概念的异同有关。 [解析] 短文开头就提到self-esteem和self-respect两个名词,并指出它们是不同的;紧接着就给出了它们各自的定义,其中提到To esteem anything is to evaluate it positively and hold it high regard,[C]表述与此一致,故为答案。 [点睛] 听清问题中的self-esteem,明确选项中It指代的内容是解答本题的关键。
8.
A.They only like themselves.
B.They are not bothered by failures.
C.They know how to become better.
D.They can always make a difference.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] What do we learn about people with self-respect? [解析] 选项均以They开头表明,本题考查这一类人的特点。短文中提到The person with self-respect simply likes herself or himself This self-respect is not dependent on success because there are always failures to contend with,可知这一类人更注重独善其身,不会为外在的成功或失败劳心伤神。[B]的表述与此一致,故为答案。 [点睛] 听清问题中的people with self-respect以明确选项中They的指代内容是解答本题的关键。
9.
A.It is a gift given by others.
B.There is no way to increase it.
C.It depends on what we can or cannot do.
D.It is part of the nature we were born with.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] What does the speaker mean by saying "Self-respect is a given"? [解析] 短文对比了self-esteem和self-respect的异同,前者是可以通过技巧来提高的(There are techniques…to increase self-esteem),而后者之所以是a given,是因为我们喜欢本本真真的自己,而与自己的潜力或缺陷无关,也就是说self-respect是与生俱来的,故答案为[D]。 [点睛] 听清问题中的"Self-respect is a given",明确选项中It指代的就是self-respect。
10.
A.To illustrate the importance of the speaker's research.
B.To tell the difference of "self-respect" and "self-esteem".
C.To persuade people not to be concerned with "self-esteem".
D.To explain why some people are more prone to guilt and stress.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] What's the purpose of the passage? [解析] 选项均以不定式开头可知,本题可能考查短文的写作意图。短文开头便提到self-respect和self-esteem两个名词,接着给出了各自的定义和侧重点,并以调查中拥有high self-respect的人和拥有high self-esteem的人的不同心理状况进一步说明它们的不同。[B]的表述概括了这些内容,故为答案。 [点睛] 依据文章内容将self-respect和self-esteem两个概念区分开才能透彻理解短文的大意。
Section C Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. If you are like most people, you've indulged in fake listening many times. You go to history class, sit in the 3rd row, and look 1 at the instructor as she speaks. But your mind is far away, 2 in the clouds of pleasant daydreams. 3 you come back to earth. The instructor writes an important term on the chalkboard, and you 4 copy it in your notebook. Every once in a while the instructor makes a 5 remark, causing others in the class to laugh. You smile politely, pretending that you've heard the remark and found it mildly 6 . You have a vague sense of 7 that you aren't paying close attention. But you tell yourself that any 8 you miss can be picked up from a friend's notes. Besides, 9 . So back you go into your private little world, only later do you realize you've missed important information for a test. Fake listening may be easily exposed, since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you're merely pretending to listen. 10 . Even if you are not exposed there's another reason to avoid fakery. It's easy for this behavior to become a habit. For some people, the habit is so deeply rooted that 11 . As a result, they miss tots of valuable information.
[听力原文]36-46 If you are like most people, you've indulged in fake listening many times. You go to history class, sit in the 3rd row, and look squarely at the instructor as she speaks. But your mind is far away, floating in the clouds of pleasant daydreams. Occasionally you come back to earth. The instructor writes an important term on the chalkboard, and you dutifully copy it in your notebook. Every once in a while the instructor makes a witty remark, causing others in the class to laugh. You smile politely, pretending that you've heard the remark and found it mildly humorous. You have a vague sense of guilt that you aren't paying close attention. But you tell yourself that any material you miss can be picked up from a friend's notes. Besides, the instructor's talking about road construction in ancient Rome, and nothing could be more boring. So back you go into your private little world, only later do you realize you've missed important information for a test. Fake listening may be easily exposed, since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you're merely pretending to listen. Your blank expression and the faraway look in your eyes are the cues that betray you inattentiveness. Even if you are not exposed there's another reason to avoid fakery. It's easy for this behavior to become a habit. For some people, the habit is so deeply rooted that they automatically start daydreaming when a speaker begins talking on something complex or uninteresting. As a result, they miss lots of valuable information.
2.
floating
3.
Occasionally
4.
dutifully
5.
witty
6.
humorous
7.
guilt
8.
material
9.
the instructor's talking about road construction in ancient Rome, and nothing could be more boring
10.
Your blank expression, and the faraway look in your eyes are the cues that betray you inattentiveness.
11.
they automatically start daydreaming when a speaker begins talking on something complex or uninteresting.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2. Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? The Industrial Age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The Industrial Age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting(使人畏缩的) thought. But, in fact, it could offer a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home loves and the places in which they love. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to the paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs.
1. Research carried out in the recent opinion polls shows that ______.
the present high unemployment is a fact of life
2. What does the author think about the coming end of the Industrial Age?
It could offer a better future for work.
3. According to the passage, what do the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries mean?
People have to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves.
4. The effects of almost universal employment were overwhelming in that ______.
the work status of those not in paid employment suffered
5. The article concludes that our efforts and resources in terms of tacking employment are ______.
insufficient
Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One Housing is recognized as a "socially determinant variable". In France, housing is the main item of expenditure in the family budget (accounting for an average of 29 percent), and many families would be unable to find decent housing without some help from the State. For a long time, the main problem was the housing shortage but in recent years the deterioration of housing conditions has been giving even greater cause for concern. Despite extensive construction programs, the problem of housing for the most underprivileged population groups has not been solved. According to a recent report, between 2 and 3 million families had serious difficulties meeting their housing costs and were living in precarious and uncomfortable conditions. Policies designed to address the housing problem have shifted over the past few decades from a macro-economic approach promoting construction to housing subsidies. The reasons for this shift can be traced to a determination to limit public spending and to avoid some of the adversary effects of macro-economic policies. The State has to some extent ceased to finance housing, especially the construction of new projects, with the result that the cost is now chiefly and directly borne by the family budget. Many underprivileged families, which were excluded from low-rent housing for various reasons such as selection of tenants, saturation of existing capacity or bankruptcy, had no alternative but to purchase their own home and were encouraged to do so without restraint by the then easy terms of housing loans. The housing sector thus contributed to the development of the "economy of indebtedness". It should indeed be emphasized that "widespread home ownership through borrowing could only be very harmful to low-income families." In Belgium, the quality of housing, considered the prime indicator of housing deprivation, leaves much to be desired. Low-rent housing projects have been cut back as part of the austerity (缩减) policy which is pursued by the national and regional governments, and low-income households are finding it difficult to find somewhere to live. The number of homeless has also taken on alarming proportions. An estimated 3,000 persons spend nights in refuges, but the actual figure is probably much higher. Moreover, the number of homeless women and young persons is increasing. (367 words)
1. In this passage the author mainly argues that housing ______ .
A.is a problem that can be solved socially
B.is a heavy burden for most underprivileged families
C.is a widespread problem in some European countries.
Passage Two Not long after the telephone was invented. I assume, a call was placed. The caller was a parent saying,“Your child is bullying my child, and I want it stopped!”The bully's parent replied,“You must have the wrong number. My child is a 1ittle angel. ” A trillion phone calls later. The conversation is the same. When children are teased or tyrannized(欺压),the parental impulse is to grab the phone and rant. But these days,as studies in the US show bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline,researchers who study bullying say that calling morns and dads is more futile than ever. Such calls often lead to playground recriminations(指责)and don't really teach our kids any lessons about how to navigate the world and resolve conflicts. “When you call parents, you want them to‘extract the cruelty’from their bullying children. ”says Laura Kavesh,a child psychologist in Evanston,Illinois. “But many parents are blown away by the idea of their child being cruel. They won't believe it. ”In a recent police-department survey in Oak Harbor. Washington. 89 percent of local high school students said they had engaged in bullying behavior. Yet only 18 percent of parents thought their children would act as bullies. In a new US PIA survey, 5 percent of parents support contacting other parents to deal with bullying. But many educators warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted(误解), causing tempers to flare. Instead, they say,parents should get objective outsiders,like principals,to mediate. Meanwhile, if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying, listen without getting defensive. That's what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley, California, did when a caller told her that her then 13-year-old son had spit in another boy's food. Her son had confessed,but the victim's mom“wanted to make sure my son hadn't given her son a nasty disease,”says McHugh,who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases. She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote,but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh's son that his bad behavior was being taken seriously. McHugh,founder of Parents Coach Kids,a group that teaches parenting skills,sent the mom the test results. All were negative. Remember:once you make a call, you might not like what you hear. If you have an itchy dialing finger, resist temptation. Put it in your pocket.
1. The word“bullying”(Line 2,Para. 1)probably means____.
A.frightening and hurting
B.teasing
C.behaving 1ike a tyrant
D.laughing at
A B C D
A
[定位] 由题干中的“bullying”probably means定位到第一段第二句…your child is bullying my child, and I want it stopped!… [精析] 语义理解题【考频:78】。文章第一段双方家长的对话中出现的bullying my child与My child is a little angel相互对照,说明bullying是坏孩子的行为。第三段中提到打电话的目的是“想让埘方改掉他们孩子的恶劣行为”,cruelty一词说明了bullying的特点。此外第五段给出了bullying的具体事例:把痰吐到另外一个孩子的饭里。因此可推知A“恐吓和伤害”为正确答案。 [避错] B在第二段中提到,D与其近义,但却都只是其中一种形式,不足以概括所有的行为,故排除这两项;C含义不正确,可排除。
2. According to the surveys in the US,____.
A.bullying among adults is also rising
B.parents are not supervising their children well
C.parents seldom believe bullies
D.most parents resort to calling to deal with bullying
A B C D
B
[定位] 由题干中的According to the surveys in the US定位到第二段第三句But these days,as studies in the US show bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline… [精析] 事实细节题【考频:36】。第二段第三句提到,研究表明恃强欺弱现象在增加,父母看管却在减少,因此B正确。 [避错] A中among adults在文中未提及,排除;C不相信恃强欺弱者这种行为,错误;第四段第一句提到,研究表明只有5%的父母支持找家长解决恃强欺弱问题,D与此矛盾,故排除。
3. Calling to a bully's parent____.
A.has long existed but changed its content
B.is often done with careful thinking
C.often leads to blaming and misunderstanding
D.is used to warn the child not to do it again
A B C D
C
[定位] 由题干中的Calling to a bully's parent定位到第四段第二句But many educators warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted, causing tempers to flare. [精析] 事实细节题【考频:36】。第四段第二句提到,专家指出这种沟通可能会被误解,使对方勃然大怒。由此可知C正确。 [避错] 第一段提到,打电话给恃强欺弱者的父母的做法自有电话以来就长期存在了。第二段第一句提到,这样的电话不计其数,但谈话内容却一样。由此排除A第二段第二句提到,冲动的父母抓起电话,大声抱怨,排除B;D文中未提及。
4. When bullying Occurs,parents should______.
A.help the bullying child get rid of cruelty
B.resort to the mediator
C.avoid getting too protective
D.resist the temptation of calling
A B C D
B
[定位] 由题干中的When bullying occurs,parents should定位到第四段最后一句Instead,they say,parents should get objective outsiders, like principals,to mediate. [精析] 细节推断题【考频:99】。该句指出:他们认为父母应该找较客观的旁观者如学校校长等来进行调解。因此B“求助调停者”正确。 [避错] 第三段第一句提到,受欺负的孩子的家长打电话是希望对方家长能改正其孩子恃强欺弱的毛病。可见,A并不是作者的观点。第五段第一句提到,接到电话的家长不要袒护自己的孩子。第六段提到,如果你想拨电话,一定要忍住诱惑。显然C和D是分别针对“接到电话”和“打电话”的家长而言的,均不符合题意。
5. Laura McHugh promised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because____.
A.her son confessed to being wrong
B.she was afraid to annoy the boy's parents
C.he was likely to be affected by these diseases
D.she wanted to teach her own son a lesson
A B C D
D
[定位] 题干中的to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because定位到第五段倒数第三句She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote,but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh's son that his bad behavior was being taken seriously. [精析] 细节推断题【考频:99】。笫五段举例说明应如何正确对待一位愤怒的家长的电话。该段倒数第三句提到,麦休许诺让受欺负的孩子做疾病测试.不仅让其母亲平静下来,也让自己的儿子知道父母是非常严肃地对待他的恶劣行为的。由此可知D“她想给儿子一个教训”正确。 [避错] A“她儿子承认他错了”并不是做疾病测试的原因,排除A;C“他可能会被这些疾病感染”是字面意思的曲解:B“她害怕惹怒男孩的家长”在文中示提及,故排除。
Part Ⅴ Error Correction Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank, lf you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank, lf you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank. A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business, from fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features as well. A newspaper is even though more remarkable for the way one reads it: 58. ______ . never complete, never straight through, but always by jumping from 59. ______ . here to there, in and out glancing at one piece, reading other article all 60. ______ . the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. That brings this variety 61. ______ . together in one place is its topicality, whose immediate relation to what 62. ______ . is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that go with it mean also that much of what 63. ______ . appears in a newspaper has no more than transient value. For all these reasons, not two people really read the same paper: what each person 64. ______ . does is to put together out of pages of that day's paper, his own 65. ______ . selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which mean getting what you want from 66. ______ . them without missing things you need but with wasting time, demands 67. ______ . skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.
1.
though——
[解析] 通读全句可知,此处是在将上句中的what it contains和the way one reads it进行比较,并且强调后者。even though意为“虽然;尽管”表转折,与文意不符,故将though去掉。
[解析] be interested in意为“对…感兴趣”;通读全句可知,本句为含有一个主语从句和一个同位语从句的复合句;同位语从句中又含有一个由what引导的名语性从句。that引导主语从句时,在从句中既不充当任何成分,也无实际意义;what引导主语从句时,可以在从句中作宾语或主语。that在此处不能做brings的主语,故将that改为what。
2. However, ______ (与宇宙的寿命比起来), the history of mankind is just at the beginning stage.
compared to/with the life of the universe
[考点] ①习惯用法【考频:9】②常考语法:分词结构【考频:1】 [精析] “与……相比”compare to(with)。由于句子主语为the history of mankind,所以这里要用compare的过去分词。“宇宙的寿命”the life of universe。 [语法扩展] 在表示“把……和……进行比较”的时候,用compare to和compare with都可以。但这两个词组也有各自的侧重。compare...to...表示“把……比作……”。例如:Poets have compared sleep to death. 诗人把睡眠比喻成死亡。而compare...with...则侧重在“……可以与……相比”。例如:He cannot compare with Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies. 在悲剧写作方面他根本不能与莎士比亚相比。