Part Ⅰ Writing Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Ability and Good Looks. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1. 车祸发生的时间及地点; 2.你所见到的车祸情况; 3.你对车祸原因的分析。
Sample Writing An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident Yesterday afternoon, I happened to witness a terrible traffic accident on my way home from school. It was 5:30 p. m. , I was riding my favorite Giant back home. When I got to the last crossing on the Golden Lion Street, the red light was on. So I applied the brakes, along with a long queue of vehicles waiting to pass. Just at that moment, a heavy-load truck with earth roared forward at my side and bumped against a private Accord of Honda traveling eastbound. As a result, the windshield of the lorry was broken into pieces and its driver got fatally wounded on the head on the steering wheel. The driver of the Accord and his girlfriend, the only passenger in the car, only got minor injuries, but his car lost its rear axel and two wheels and was totally dead. As for the cause of the accident, I think the driver of the lorry should be held responsible: the light was red then; he should have stopped and waited. It was he who had broken the traffic regulations. In addition, the bad weather was part of the cause. It was drizzling then, and the road was quite slippery. Finally, drunk driving was probably an important factor. As the police discovered on the spot; there was a heavy alcoholic smell on the dead body of the lorry driver.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Smother Love
Every morning, Leanne Brickland and her sister would bicycle to school with the same words ringing in their ears: "Watch out crossing the road. Don't speak to strangers". "Mum would stand at the top of the steps and call that out," says Brickland, now a primary-school teacher and mother of four from Rotorua, New Zealand. Substitute boxers and thongs for undies (内衣), and the nagging fears that haunt parents haven't really changed. What has altered, dramatically, is the confidence we once had in our children's ability to fling themselves at life without a grown-up holding their hands. Worry-ridden Parents and Stifled Kids By today's standards, the childhood freedoms Brickland took for granted practically verge on parental neglect. Her mother worked, so she and her sister had a key to let themselves in after school and were expected to do their homework and put on the potatoes for dinner. At the family's beach house near Wellington, the two girls, from the age of five or six, would disappear for hours to play in the lakes and sands. A generation later, Brickland's children are growing up in a world more indulged yet more accustomed to peril. The techno-minded generation of PlayStation kids who can conquer entire armies and rocket through space can't even be trusted to cross the street alone. "I walked or biked to school for years, but my children don't," Briekland admits. "I worry about the road. I worry about strangers. In some ways I think they're missing out, but I like to be able to see them, to know where they are and What they're doing." Call it smother love, indulged-kid syndrome, parental neurosis (神经病). Even though today's children have the universe at their fingertips thanks to the Internet, their physical boundaries are shrinking at a rapid pace. According to British social scientist Mayer Hillman, a child's play zone has contracted so radically that we're producing the human equivalent of henhouse chickens-plump from lack of exercise and without the flexibility and initiative of free-range kids of the past. The spirit of our times is no longer the resourceful adventurer Tom Sawyer but rather the worry-ridden dad and his stifled only child in Finding Nemo. In short, child rearing has become an exercise in risk minimization, represented by stories such as the father who refused to allow his daughter on a school picnic to the beach for fear she might drown. While it's natural for a parent to want to protect their children from danger, you have to wonder: Have we gone too far? Parents Wrap Kids up in Cotton Wool A study conducted by Paul Tranter, a lecturer in geography at the Australian Defence Force Academy in Canberra, showed that while Australian and New Zealand children had similar amounts of unsupervised freedom, it was far less than German or English kids. For example, only a third of ten-year-olds in Australia and New Zealand were allowed to visit places other than school alone, compared to 80 percent in Germany. Girls were even more restricted than boys, with parents fearing assault or molestation (骚扰), while traffic dangers were seen as the greatest threat to boys. Bike ownership has doubled in a generation, but "independent mobility"-the ability to roam and explore unsupervised-has radically declined. In Auckland, for example, many primary schools have done away with bicycle racks because the streets are considered too unsafe. And in Christchurch, New Zealand's most bike-friendly city, the number of pupils cycling to school has fallen from more than 90 percent in the late 1970s to less than 20 percent. Safely strapped into the family 4×4, children are instead driven from home to the school gate, then off to ballet, soccer or swimming lessons-rarely straying from watchful adult eyes. In the U.S. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & amp; Dance, New Jersey assistant principal and hockey coach Bobbie Schultz writes that playing in the street after school with neighbourhood kids-creating their own rules, making their own decisions and settling disputes-was where the real learning took place. "The street was one of the greatest sources of my life skills," she says. "I don't see 'on-the-street play' anymore. I see adult-organized activities. Parents don't realize what an integral part of character development their children are missing." Armoured with bicycle helmets, car seats, "safe" playgrounds and sunscreen, children are getting the message loud and clear that the world is full of peril-and that they're ill-equipped to handle it alone. Yet research consistently shows young people are much more capable than we think, says professor Anne Smith, director of New Zealand's Children's Issues Centre. "The thing that many adults have difficulty with is that children can't learn to be grown-up if they're excluded and protected all the time." Educational psychologist Paul Prangley reckons it's about time the kid gloves came off. He believes parenting has taken on a paranoid (患妄想狂的) edge that's creating a generation of naive, insecure youngsters who are subconsciously being taught they're incapable of handling things by themselves. "Flexibility and the ability to resist pressure and temptation are learned skills," Prangley explains. "If you wrap kids up in cotton wool and don't give them the opportunity to take risks, they're less equipped to make responsible decisions later in life." Parents Should Gain Proper Perspective Sadly, high-profile cases of children being kidnapped and murdered-such as ten-year-old Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman in the United Kingdom; five-year-old Chloe Hoson in Australia, whose body was found just 200 metres from where she lived; and six-year-old Teresa Cormack in New Zealand, who was snatched off the street on her way to school--only serve to reinforce parents' fears. Teresa Cormack's death, for example, was one of the rare New Zealand eases of random child kidnap. In Australia, the odds of someone under the age of 15 being murdered by a stranger have been estimated at one in four million. A child is at far greater risk from a family member or someone they know. However, parental fear is contagious. In one British study, far more children feared an attack by a stranger than being hit by a car. "We are losing our sense of perspective," write Jan Parker and Jan Stimpson in their parenting book, Raising Happy Children. "Every parent has to negotiate their own route between equipping children with the skills they need to stay safe and not restricting or terrifying them unnecessarily in the process." Dr. Claire Freeman, a planning expert at the University of Otago, points to the erosion of community responsibility as another casualty of that mutual distrust. Not so long ago, adults knew all the local kids and were the informal guardians of the neighbourhood. "Now, particularly if you are a man, you may hesitate to offer help to a lost child for fear your motives might be questioned." More Space and More Attention to Kids' Needs As a planner in the mid-1990s, Freeman became concerned about the loss of green space to development and the erosion of informal places to play. In a study that looked at how children in the British city of Leeds spent their summer holidays, compared with their parents' childhood experiences, she found the freedom to explore had been severely contracted-in some cases, down to the front yard. Freeman says she cannot remember being inside the house as a child, or being alone. Growing up was about being part of a group. Now a mother of four, Freeman believes the "domestication of play" is robbing kids of their sense of belonging within a society. Nevertheless, Freeman says children's needs are starting to get more emphasis. In the Netherlands, child-friendly "home zones" have been created where priority is given to pedestrians, rather than cars. And ponds are being incorporated back into housing estates on the principle that children should learn to be safe around water, rather than be surrounded by a barren landscape. After all, as one of the smarter fish says in Finding Nemo, there's one problem with promising your kids that nothing will ever happen to them-because then nothing ever will.
1. According to Brickland, parents nowadays have changed their______.
8. Claire Freeman thinks that lack of mutual trust results in______.
the erosion of community responsibility
[解析] 空白处应为名词(词组)。原文该句中的…as another casualty of…表明mutual distrust导致the erosion of community responsibility,题目中的lack of mutual trust是对mutual distrust的同义改写,由此可见,the erosion of community responsibility为本题答案。
9. Freeman concludes that kids are robbed of their sense of belonging to the society by______.
the“domestication of play”
[解析] 空白处应为名词(词组)。对比原文与题目可见,两个句子的语态相反: 原文rob为主动语态,而题目中rob为被动语态,两句的主语和宾语位置相反,所以原文rob的主语the“domestication of play”即为本题答案。
10. The Netherlands has placed the rights of pedestrians before those of cars in such areas called______.
Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
[听力原文] M: So tedious a job! I can't concentrate on it any longer. Maybe we should take a nap before we continue. W: Well, you know people say the physical activity makes you mom alert. Q: What does the woman imply?
[听力原文] M: Can you lend me your history book? I left mine in the dining hall. And it was missing when I went hack for it. W: Oh! That happened to me once. I'd almost given up on finding it until I claimed it at the lost-and-found at the information desk at the entrance. Q: What does the woman imply about the man should do?
[听力原文] M: You are on the right track. But don't you think it might be better if you can narrow the topic down? W: Yeah, you are right. I always choose these broad areas when I'm doing a research paper. Q: What will the woman probably do?
A.The man's wife should try to be more understanding.
B.The depression of the man's wife may he the result of her past experiences.
C.The man's negative attitude may be derived from his childhood.
D.It is easy for the man to help his wife out of pessimism.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] M: I couldn't put up with my wife any longer. I don't know why she always wants to look at everything in such a negative way and to discourage other people. W: Maybe you should try to get to know something about her childhood and try to help her out. Q: What does the woman mean?
[听力原文] W: Our rent is now already $800 a month. M: I know. It's exactly one-third more than it was when we first moved in. Q: How much rent had been paid at first?
C.He made a serious mistake in a financial problem.
D.He wanted to take care of his wife.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] M: I was so regretful to hear that Jim lost his job. I know that his wife was sick last month, so he was always late to work. W: Oh, that wasn't it. Jim made a big error in this week's accounting. The boss was furious. Q: According to the woman, why was Jim fired?
[听力原文] M: Ok, Madam, could you describe what you were doing at the moment? W: Well, I was still sleeping at 6 o'clock. Then there was this horrible sound and the floor was just cracking and rolling like waves, all at the same time. Q: What are the speakers talking about?
[听力原文] M: I wonder what makes Mother so upset these days. W: Father would like to buy a new apartment in the faraway suburbs, which goes against her wishes. And, what's more, he turns a deaf ear to her words. Q: Why is Mother unhappy recently?
[听力原文]19-21 W: So, what's your major? M: Well, (19) I've been thinking of going into business, but I haven't decided yet. And my dad keeps telling me that computing is a good choice, but I'm undeclared at the moment. W: Ah, that's what happened to me my freshman year. But I would suggest you stick to your dreams, because you will have fun in it, just like me. By the way, I major in architecture. M: Oh, so what year are you in school? W: I'm a senior, and I only have to take 10 more credits to graduate. Yeah! M: Well. That must feel great to be almost finished with school. W: You can say that again, but once I graduate, I have to start repaying a student loan, so I'm not looking forward to that. M: But didn't your parents help you out with your college tuition? W: No. My dad said he wasn't made of money, so he thought I should earn my own education. M: Really? But isn't that so cruel? I didn't mean to offend you; I mean, it must be so hard. W: Well, actually, I was so angry with him at first that I avoided talking to him. And after a few months, I came to understand him. (21) You know, he is the only man that has a job in our family, and a teacher's salary is just not enough. M: Then how did you manage it? W: (20)I did several part-time jobs and worked like crazy during holidays to cover most of my costs. And, I received some financial aid and a scholarship one, ear, which really saved me. M: Well, have you lined up a job yet? W: Not yet, but I'm trying to line up a few interviews at the job fair next month. M: That's cool. Good luck! 19.What is the man's major according to the conversation?
W: Hi, Larry, are you waiting to see Prof. Gilmore, too? M: Yah, since I got one of the five highest grades in her class, she asked me if I'd be interested in working as her assistant next semester. I'm here now for my interview. W: Oh, yes. I know all about that job. I did it two years ago. M: Really? Did you like it? W: I think it was the best I've had at school. It paid eight dollars an hour, which was three dollars an hour more than I got working at the school post office the year before. M: That is a good salary. What did you do? W: I was in charge of grading all the problem sets that were assigned as homework. I never had trouble doing it, and of course, Prof. Gilmore was always available to help me if I had any questions. M: I think I'd enjoy doing that sort of work. It would be very good experience for anyone thinking about becoming a teacher. W: Absolutely. You also learn how to use the computer data base, because the records are kept on it. And building up your computer skills is a good preparation for lots of jobs. M: The job sounds great, but I'm a little worried about how much time it might take. W: It's pretty reasonable. It never took me more than five hours a week to do all the grading and then another thirty to forty minutes to record the grades on the computer.
23. Why was the woman able to give Larry so much information about the job? [听前预测] 选项中的work for professor, help the professor, Sort…document等表明,对话可能与为教授工作有关,涉及到工作的内容等。 [解析] 根据对话中提到的Oh, yes. I know all about that Job. I did it two years ago. 可知,女士曾为Gilmore教授工作过,故答案为[B]。 [点睛] [B]中的used to do意为“过去常常做某事”。
13.
A.Just so so.
B.Quite good.
C.Fewer than other jobs.
D.None of them know the salary.
A B C D
B
[听力原文]
What do the speakers say about the salary for the job?
[解析] 根据对话中女士说的It paid eight dollars an hour, which was three dollars an hour more than…和男土说的That is a good salary. 可推知,两人都觉得工资不错,故答案为[B]。 [点睛] which引导非限制性定语从句。
14.
A.Grade all the homework.
B.Clean the professor's office.
C.Help the professor in the classroom.
D.Sort all the documents.
A B C D
A
[听力原文]
What does Prof. Gilmore's assistant do?
[解析] 对话中提到的I was in charge of grading all the problem sets that were assigned as homework表明,Gilmore教授的助手主要负责给家庭作业评分,故答案为[A]。 [点睛] 听到对话中的grading不难选出答案。
Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
C.How Alfred Stieglitz contributed to the history of photography.
D.Whether photography is superior to other art forms.
A B C D
B
[听力原文]33-35 You may remember that a few weeks ago, we discussed the question of what photography is. Is it art, or is it a method of reproducing images? Do photographs belong in museums or just in our homes? Today I want to talk about a person who tried to make his professional life an answer to such questions. Alfred Stieglitz went from the United States to Germany to study engineering. While he was there, he became interested in photography and began to experiment with his camera. He took pictures under conditions that most photographers considered too difficult—he took them at night, in the rain, and of people and objects reflected in windows. When he returned to the United States, he continued these revolutionary efforts. Stieglitz was the first person to photograph skyscrapers, clouds, and views from an airplane. What Stieglitz was trying to do in these photographs was what he tried to do throughout his life: make photography an art. He felt that photography could be just as good a form of self expression as painting or drawing. For Stieglitz, his camera was his brush. While many photographers of the late 1800's and early 1900's thought of their work as a reproduction of identical images, Stieglitz saw his as a creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In fact, he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If he were in this classroom today, r m sure he'd say, "Well, painters don't normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?" 33. What question had the professor raised in a previous class?
2.
A.They were influenced by his background in engineering.
B.They were very expensive to take.
C.They were among the first taken under such condition.
D.Most of them were of poor quality.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] What does the professor imply about the photographs Stieglitz took at night?
3.
A.He thought the copying process took too long.
B.He considered each photograph to be unique.
C.He didn't have the necessary equipment for reproduction.
D.He didn't want them to be displayed outside of his home.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Why did Stieglitz choose not to make copies of his photographs?
A.The market plays an important role in airline service.
B.It introduces the history of the aviation service.
C.It describes airline companies.
D.It introduces the scale and scope of airline companies.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] 32-35 An airline is an organization which provides aviation services for passengers and cargo. It owns or leases airlines for reasons of mutual benefits. The scale and scope of airline companies range from those with a single airplane carrying mail or cargo, to full service international airlines operating many hundreds of airplanes of various types. Airline services can be categorized as intercontinental, intra-continental, regional or domestic and may be operated as scheduled service or charters. These variations in the types of airline companies, their operating scope, and the routes they serve, make analysis of the airline industry complex. But one thing is certain: The industry is heavily influenced by the market now. In the past 50 years or so, the general trend of ownership bas gone from government-owned or government-supported to independent, for profit companies. This is a result of the government permitting greater freedom. This trend is not yet consistent across all airlines in all regions. The demand for air travel services depends on other things: needs for cargo transportation, business passenger demand, leisure passenger demand, which are all influenced by macroeconomic activity in the market. These trends are highly seasonal, and often depend on day-of-week, or time-of-day. The industry is cyclical. Four or five years of poor performance are followed by five or six years of gradual improvement in performance. 32. Q: What is the speaker talking about? [未听先知] 根据各选项中的airline company,business,passengers,government-owned等关键词,可以推断本文可能与航空公司的发展及面临的问题有关。 [一点即通] 文章主要讲述了航空公司的一些发展的情况,故选C项。
5.
A.Business passengers.
B.Leisure passengers.
C.The increased price.
D.The cargo shipments.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Q: What is the general trend in airline industry over the past 50 years? [一点即通] 文章提到在过去的50年里,航空业的大趋势是由国企向独立的营利性公司转变,故选B项。
6.
A.Airlines have changed from seeking profits to government-owned companies.
B.Airlines have changed from government-owned to independent companies.
C.Airline companies have broken away from the country.
D.Airline companies have changed to all private-owned companies.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] Q: What do the air services not rely on? [一点即通] A项“商务乘客”、B项“休闲乘客”和D项“货运”文章中都有提到,只有C项“价格增长”没有提到,故选C项。
7.
A.It experiences up and downs every other year.
B.Its business becomes better or worse after some years.
C.Its business greatly improves every five or six years.
D.Its business worsens every five or six years.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Q: What can we inferred about the airline industry? [一点即通] 文章提到,航空工业受宏观经济活动的影响,而且是季节性的、循环性的,很难确定其发展情况,故选B项。
[听力原文] 29-31 Somehow the old male and female stereotypes no longer fit. Men and women in this country haven’t been fulfilling their traditional roles for some time now. And there seem to be fewer and fewer differences between the sexes. For instance, even though more women than men are still homemakers without paying jobs, women have been taking over more responsibility in the business world, earning higher salaries than ever before and entering fields of work that used to be exclusively male areas. At office meetings and in group discussions, they might speak up more often, express strong opinions and come up with more creative and practical ideas than their male colleagues. Several days ago, my 23-year-old daughter came to me with some important news. Not only had she found the highest paying job of her career, but she'd also accepted a date with the most charming men she'd ever met. “Really?”, I responded,” tell me about them.” “Receptionist in an attorney’s office and a welder at a construction site.” She answered in a matter-of-fact way. The interesting thing is my daughter’s date is the receptionist and my daughter is the welder. The old stereotypes of men's and women's work have been changing more quickly than ever before, except perhaps in my own marriage. “Who's going to mow the lawn? ” I asked my husband this morning. “Oh, I will,” he answered politely. ”That's men's work. ” “What?” Irritated, I raised my voice. “That's a ridiculous stereotype. I'll show you who can do the best job on the lawn.” The work took 3 hours and I did it all myself.
篇章类型及提要:社会现象,两性关系 听力点睛: 本文介绍作者对男女关系的老套传统观念持质疑态度,并举例证明其观点。本文难词不多,2个例子也以对话为主,所以难度适中。文章第一句"Somehow the old male and female stereotypes no longer fit. "非常直白的表明了作者的观点。文章难度不大的,题目往往会比较讨巧,所以一定不能放松警惕。题目中的以推理为主的题目会相对比较多。 [解析] 主旨题。主要考察考生对主旨的理解。注意这里A选项容易让人混淆。首句中的old stereotypes会误导考生去选A。但A选项并不完整。文章不是讲老套传统的男女观念。而是对此的一个质疑,传统男女的角色正在不断改变。这也是六级做题的一个技巧。选项中出现和文章有关的重点单词,并不一定就是答案。选项还是都得仔细阅读。
9.
A.Offer more creative and practical ideas than men.
B.Ask questions that often lead to controversy.
C.Speak loudly enough to attract attention.
D.Raise issues on behalf of women.
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。此题不难,关键词"office meetings',文章中直接给出了"they might speak up more often, express strong opinions and come up with more creative and practical ideas than their male colleagues."排除其他选项。
10.
A.To prove that she could earn her living as a gardener.
B.To show that women are more hardworking than men.
C.To show that women are capable of doing what men do.
D.To prove that she was really irritated with her husband.
Section C Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. I asked successful people What the secret of their success was. I 1 an early discussion with a vice president of a large oil company. "Oh, I just keep a To Do List," he said. I passed over that quickly, little 2 the importance of what be said. I was in another city the next day and I had lunch with a businessman who 3 owned the town. He was chairman of the gas and light company, president of five 4 companies, and had his hand in a dozen other 5 I asked him how he 6 to get everything done. "Oh, that's easy," he said. "I keep a To Do List." The first thing in the morning, he told me, he would come in and list what he wanted to 7 that day. He would 8 the items in priority. During the day 9 . In the evening he would check to see how many of the items he had written clown still remained undone and then give himself a score. 10 . Again and again in the years since, when I have talked to successful people, the To Do List has come up. I have found that one difference between people at the top of the ladder and people at the bottom is that 11 .
[听力原文]36-46 I asked successful people what the secret of their success was. I recall an early discussion with a vice president of a large oil company. “Oh, I just keep a To Do List,” he said. I passed over that quickly, little suspecting the importance of what he said. I was in another city the next day and I had lunch with a businessman who practically owned the town. He was chairman of the gas and light company, president of five manufacturing companies, and had his hand in a dozen other enterprises. I asked him how he managed to get everything done. “Oh, that's easy,” he said. “I keep a To Do List.” The first thing in the morning, he told me, he would come in and list what he wanted to accomplish that day. He would arrange the items in priority. During the day he would cross off items and add others as they occurred to him. In the evening he would check to see how many of the items he had written down still remained undone and then give himself a score. His goal manages to cross off every single item. Again and again in the years since, when I have talked to successful people, the To Do List has come up. I have found that one difference between people at the top of the ladder and people at the bottom is that those at the top use a To Do List every day to make better use of their time; those at the bottom don't.
2.
suspecting
3.
practically
4.
manufacturing
5.
enterprises
6.
managed
7.
accomplish
8.
arrange
9.
he would cross off items and add others as they occurred to him
10.
His goal manages to cross off every single item
11.
those at the top use s To Do List every day to make better use of their time; those aT the bottom don't
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2. Recently a sociologist from the University of New Hampshire, Murray Straus, presented a paper suggesting that corporal punishment leaves a long-lasting mark — in the form of lower IQ. Straus found that kids who were physically punished had up to a five-point lower IQ score than kids who weren't — the more children were spanked, the lower their IQ — and that the effect could be seen not only in individual children, but across entire nations. Straus found that countries with higher GDP tended to be those where corporal punishment was used less often. In the U. S. , the tendency to hit also varies with income, along with geography and culture. So how might getting spanked on the butt actually affect the workings of the brain? Straus notes that being spanked or hit is associated with fright and stress; kids who experience that kind of trauma have a harder time focusing and learning. It's not clear if spanking causes lower cognitive ability or if lower cognitive ability might somehow lead to more spanking. It's quite possible that kids with poor reasoning skills misbehave more often and therefore elicit harsher punishment. "It could be that lower IQ causes parents to get angry and hit more," Straus says, "I believe the relationship is probably bidirectional." "There has to be something the kid is doing that's wrong that leads to corporal punishment. The problem is, when the parent does that, it seems to have counterproductive results to cognitive ability in the long term." says Straus. One problem with Straus' data is that some of the parents who tended to spank may also have been engaging in actual physical abuse of their children. Researchers define corporal punishment as physical force intended to cause pain — but not injury — for the purpose of correcting a child's behavior, not simply hurting him. Studies have shown that very few parents who use corporal punishment also beat their kids, but Straus can't rule the possibility that his data is confounded by the presence of child abuse, which past research has shown to affect victims' development. The practice has its defenders. In the 1990s, the American Academy of Pediatrics underwent a bitter fight before finally declaring in 1998 that "corporal punishment is of limited effectiveness and has potentially deleterious side effects." Sometimes spanking seems like the only way to get through to an unruly toddler. But the price for fixing his poor short-term conduct might be an even more troublesome outcome in the future.
1. According to Straus, the occurring rate of corporal punishment in America tends to be affected by______.
GDP,geography,income and culture.
[一点即通] 根据题干关键词Straus,occurring rate,corporal punishment,America,affect定位到原文第一段最后两句;Straus found that countries with higher GDP tended to be those where corporal punishment was used less often.In the U. S.,the tendency to hit also varies with income,along with geography and culture.可知斯特劳斯发现,那些国内生产总值高的国家,体罚就少一些。在美国,体罚孩子因收入、地理和文化的不同而不同。
2. Children who gets spanked might get trouble in______.
focusing and learning
[一点即通] 根据题干关键词children,spanked,trouble定位到原文第二段第二句:Straus notes that being spanked or hit is associated with fright and stress;kids who experience that kind of trauma have a harder time focusing and learning.可知斯特劳斯发现,体罚会使小孩受惊吓、有压力,有过这种创伤的小孩很难集中注意力和有效地学习。
3. Straus believes that the relationship between ______ is probably bidirectional.
corporal punishment and IQ
[一点即通] 根据题干关键词Straus,relationship,bidirectional定位到原文第三段第三句:“It could be that lower IQ causes parents to get angry and hit more,”Straus says,“I believe the relationship is probably bidirectional.”可知智力低的小孩可能更容易引起父母发火,所以挨的板子要多一些。斯特劳斯认为,小孩受体罚和小孩智力变低之间是一种恶性循环。
4. Before Straus presented his paper, it has already been proved that ______ may affect the development of children.
child abuse
[一点即通] 根据题干关键词before,prove,affect,development of children定位到原文第四段最后一句: Straus can't rule the possibility that his data is confounded by the presence of child abuse,which past research has shown to affect victims’ development.可知肉体受到伤害的情况,过去就已定论:这会影响孩子各方面的发育。
5. What is the author's attitude toward spanking?
It is not s good way to fix children.
[一点即通] 根据题干关键词author's attitude,spanking定位到原文最后一段最后两句:Sometimes spanking seems like the only way to get through to an unruly toddler.But the price for fixing his poor short-term conduct might be an even more troublesome outcome in the future.可知打屁股这种对孩子行为的暂时的修正,却有可能会给他的将来造成更大的麻烦。由此推断,作者认为打孩子并不是一种有效管教孩子的方式。
Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University shows that today's youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes. But there's no easy way to see what those figures mean in real life. During the presidential campaign, Barack Obama assembled a racially and ideologically diverse coalition with his message of hope and change; as the reality of life under a new administration settles in, some of those supporters might become disillusioned. As the nation moves further into the Obama presidency, will politically engaged young people continue to support the president and his agenda, or will they gradually drift away? The writers of Generation O (short for Obama), a new Newsweek blog that seeks to chronicle the lives of a group of young Obama supporters, want to answer that question. For the next three months, Michelle Kremer and 11 other Obama supporters, ages 19 to 34, will blog about life across mainstream America, with one twist: by tying all of their ideas and experiences to the new president and his administration, the bloggers will try to start a conversation about what it means to be young and politically active in America today. Malena Amusa, a 24-year-old writer and dancer from St. Louis seesthe project as a way to preserve history as it happens. Amusa, who is traveling to India this spring to finish a book, then to Senegal to teach English, has ongoing conversations with her friends about how the Obama presidency has changed their daily lives and hopes to put some of those ideas, along with her global perspective, into her posts. She's excited because, as she puts it, "I don't have to wait until 15 yeas from now" to make sense of the world. Henry Flores, a political-science professor at St. Mary's University, credits this younger generation's political strength to their embrace of technology. "[The Internet] exposes them to more thinking," he says, "and groups that are like-minded in different parts of the country start to come together." That's exactly what the Generation O bloggers are hoping to do. Tile result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy (冷漠) they've inherited from Generation X (60年代后期70年代出生的美国人). It's no small challenge for a blog run by a group of ordinary—if ambitious—young people, but the members of Generation O are up to the task.
1. What is the finding of a new study by CIRCLE?
A.More young voters are going to the polls than before.
B.Young voters played a decisive role in Obama's election.
C.The younger generation supports traditionally liberal causes.
D.Young people in America are now more diverse ideologically.
A B C D
A
[定位] 根据题干中的a new study和CIRCLE查找到第1段第1句。 [解析] 第1段第1句提到,新研究表明,和前几代人相比,现今参加投票的年轻人要多很多。选项A中的 more,go to the polls是原文larger numbers,vote的同义表达,故为答案。 [点睛] D文中没有提到;D虽然出现了原文中的字眼diverse和ideologically,却与原文内容不符。最具干扰性的是选项C,C的内容在文中出现,不过这是2008年美国进步中心的研究结果,故可排除。
2. What is a main concern of the writers of Generation O?
A.How Obama's agenda is going to affect the life of Americans.
B.Whether America is going to change during Obama's presidency.
C.Whether young people will continue to support Obama's policy.
D.How Obama is going to live up to young people's expectations.
A B C D
C
[定位] 根据题干中的main concern和writers of Generation O查找到第2段第1句。 [解析] 第2段第1句的主干:The writers of Generation O …want to answer that question.指示代词that提示答案到上文中找。第1段最后一句就是that指代的内容。这句话提出了一个疑问:这些原先参与政治的年轻人是否会继续支持奥巴马及其议程?选项C是对原文的同义概括。 [点睛] 解题关键句中出现代词时,应先弄清楚其所指,代词所指代内容一般可以在附近的上下文中找到。A、D明显与文意不符。B没有原文依据。
3. What will the Generation O bloggers write about in their posts?
A.Obama's presidency viewed from a global pe/spective.
B.Policy changes to take place in Obama's administration.
C.Their own interpretation of American politics.
D.Their lives in relation to Obama's presidency.
A B C D
D
[定位] 根据题干中的Generation O bloggers查找到第2段第2句。 [解析] 原文提到,奥巴马的支持者们将写博客描述美国主流社会的生活,都有一个主题:通过把他们所有的想法和经历和新总统及其政府联系起来,选项D是对原文的同义表达,选项中lives和presidency对应原文中的life和president。 [点睛] A“从全球视角看待奥巴马任职总统”;B“奥巴马政府即将发生的政策变化”;C“他们对美国政治的理解”,这几个选项在文中找不到相关内容。
4. What accounts for the younger generation's political strength according to Professor Henry Flores?
A.Their utilization of the Intemet.
B.Their embrace of radical ideas.
C.Their desire to change America.
D.Their strong sense of responsibility.
A B C D
A
[定位] 根据题干中的younger generation's political strength和Henry Flores查找到最后一段第1句。 [解析] 题干中的accounts for表示“解释……的原因”,对应原文中的credit …to…“把……归因于……”,而选项A就是原文中所说的原因their embrace of technology的同义表达,再结合下文可知,technology具体指the Internet,故A为答案。 [点睛] 识别原文与选项的同义关系(如选项A中的utilization对应原文中的embrace)是做阅读理解题的一大法宝。其他三个选项都没有原文依据。
5. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X?
Passage Two Latino youths need better education for Arizona to take full advantage of the possibilities their exploding population offers. Arizona's fast-growing Latino population offers the state tremendous promise and a challenge. Even more than the aging of the baby boomers, the Latino boom is fundamentally reorienting the state's economic and social structure. Immigration and natural increase have added 600,000 young Latino residents to the state's population in the past decade. Half of the population younger than 18 in both Phoenix and Tucson is now Latino. Within 20 years, Latinos will make up half of the homegrown entry-level labor pool in the state's two largest labor markets. What is more, Hispanics are becoming key economic players. Most people don't notice it, but Latinos born in Arizona make up much of their immigrant parents' economic and educational deficits. For example, Second-generation Mexican-Americans secure an average of 12 grades of schooling where their parents obtained less than nine. That means they erase 70 percent of their parents' lag behind third-generation non-Hispanic Whites in a single generation. All of this hands the state a golden opportunity. At a time when many states will struggle with labor shortages because of modest population growth, Arizona has a priceless chance to build a populous, hardworking and skilled workforce on which to base future prosperity. The problem is that Arizona and its Latino residents may not be able to seize this opportunity. Far too many of Arizona's Latinos drop out of high school or fail to obtain the basic education needed for more advanced study. As a result, educational deficits are holding back many Latinos--and the state as well. To be sure, construction and low-end service jobs continue to absorb tens of thousands of Latino immigrants with little formal education. But over the long term, most of Arizona's Latino citizens remain ill-prepared to prosper in an increasingly demanding knowledge economy. For the reason, the educational uplift of Arizona's huge Latino population must move to the center of the state's agenda. After all, the education deficits of Arizona's Latino population will severely cramp the fortunes of hardworking people if they go unaddressed and could well undercut the state's ability to compete in the new economy. At the entry level, slower growth rates may create more competition for low-skill jobs, displacing Latinos from a significant means of support. At the higher end, shortages of Latinos educationally ready to move up will make it that much harder for knowledge-based companies staff high-skill positions.
1. The Latino population is changing Arizona's______.
3. "Educational deficits" (Line 6, Para. 4) most probably means that ______.
A.the state did not put much money into education
B.many Latinos are too poor to obtain education
C.education is not a profitable enterprise
D.many Latinos are not well-educated
A B C D
D
[解析] 词义题。第4段第5句开头的As a result表明本句与上一句形成因果关系,由此可见,本句中的educational deficits与上一句提到的拉丁裔美国人受教育程度较低有关,由此可推断,educational deficits指的应该是受教育不足。因此,D为正确的理解。 [点睛] 本题主要考查deficits的理解,deficit比较常用的意思是“(财政)赤字”,其他3个选项都与金钱、经济情况、利润有关,很显然是脱离上下文单从字面上理解deficit的意思,deficit在文中指教育的“不足”。
4. According to the author, Arizona should give highest priority to ______.
A.controlling the Latino population
B.enhancing the educational level of the Latino population
C.improving the knowledge-based economy
D.building the Latino population into hardworking and skilled workforce
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。第5段首句中的move to the center为题干巾give highest priority的同义替换,B与原文该句的主语educational uplift意思也一致,因此B为本题答案。 [点睛] A在文中并未提及,C、D都在文中提到,但不符合题意,与highest priority无关。事实上,文章多次提到了education一词,表明本文主要讨论拉丁裔受教育的问题,而C、D只是在讨论教育的过程中提到的细节。
5. It is implied that, in the long run, most Latinos in Arizona will______.
A.be jobless
B.be badly-paid
C.do low-skill jobs
D.do high-skill jobs
A B C D
C
[解析] 第4段末句中的ill-prepared和第5段末句中的shortages of Latinos educationally ready都表明从长远来看,拉丁裔美国人受的教育仍然保持较低的水平,由此可推断,他们只能做一些技术要求不高的工作,所以C为本题答案。 [点睛] 原文在第4段和第5段指出受教育程度和找工作之间的关系,但并没有讨论失业问题和薪酬问题,因此A、B不正确。而D与原文的意思相反。
Part Ⅴ Error Correction Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank, lf you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank, lf you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank. Earthquakes are probably one of the most frightening and destructive happenings of nature that man experiences. They have caused the death of many human beings, much suffering and greatly damage to property. Today, the study of earthquake 62.______ has grown greatly with scientists all over the world 63.______ investigating the causes of earthquakes. Scientists hope that their studies will improve ways of predicting earthquakes and also develop ways to reduce its destructive effects. 64.______ The scientific study of earthquakes is fairly new. Until the 18th century many factual descriptions of earthquakes were 65.______ recorded. In general, people did not understand the cause of earthquakes. Many believe they were a punishment from God 66.______ and a warning for them to repent (忏悔). One early theory was that earthquakes were caused by air rushed out the caves deep in the 67.______ interior of the earth. On Nov.1,1755, a serious earthquake occurred near Lisbon, Portugal. Shocks from the quake had felt in many parts of the world. 68.______ After the quake, Portuguese priests were asked to observe and to make written records. These records were the first system attempt 69.______ to document the effects of an earthquake. Since that time, detailed records have been kept to almost every major earthquakes. 70.______ Currently, scientists are making studies to enable them to predict earthquakes. But at the present time, the ability to predict the time, place, and size of earthquakes are very limited. 71.______
1.
greatly→great
caused...great damage to property造成巨大的财产损失。形容词与副词混淆。