1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
[解析] Einstein Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history, /greater than only a few other men have achieved. /An American university president once commented/that Einstein had created a new outlook, a new view of the universe. / Maybe the average mind needs time to understand fully the identity of time and space / — but even ordinary men understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before./ By 1914 young Einstein had gained world fame. /He accepted the offer to become a professor in Berlin. /He had duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study, /but soon his peace and quiet life was broken by the First World War./ Einstein hated violence. /The misery of war affected him deeply, /and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. / He lost interest in his research. /Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION In sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question On your answer sheet.
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
[解析] 1-4 B: I'm longing to hear about this tour. Janet, you must be terribly excited. J: Oh, I am. I...I've never been to America before, so I'm really looking forward to it. I thought of going fly-drive. B: Fly-drive? J: Yes. You know, you...you can arrange for a car to be waiting for you at the airport when you arrive. You book everything this end including the plane tickets. B: Sounds simple enough. Axe you going to, then? J: Well, I'm a bit worried about driving on the other side of the road and having to, so I decided it would be better to go on a more organized holiday. B: What do you mean by "organized"? J: Well, everything is arranged by a tour operator. You know, you are taken around and shown where to go and what to do. I would probably miss half the sights otherwise. B: Mm, where are you going anyway? J: Orlando. It's in central Florida. B: Sounds OK. Are you going on your own? J: Yes, I don't mind that. There will be other people on the tour, I'm sure to make friends. You know, I like meeting new people. Here, Jet me show you the brochure. B: It looks pretty packed. Do you really have time to do all these things? J: Oh, yes. It's all planned.
[解析] 题目问的是Janet最终选择哪种方式旅行,对话中提到“I decided it would be better to go on a more organized trip”,通过下文的解释可知,organized trip指的是所有事情都由导游安排的旅行,conducted tour表达的正是此意,故答案为[D]。
2. What is fly-drive?
A.To have a car wait at the arrival airport.
B.To rent a car that can be driven fast.
C.To have a car tour.
D.To visit many places in a short time.
A B C D
A
[解析] 题干问题属于肯定表达,对话中往往以问句形式表现,所以问句后听到的便是答案。对话中问到:Fly-drive?这时要注意听下文“you can arrange for a car to be waiting for you at the airport when you arrive”,由此可知[A]为答案。
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.The speakers are going on a holiday.
B.The speakers are cousins.
C.The trip schedule is heavy.
D.The organized tour will leave out many sights.
A B C D
C
[解析] 题干中的TRUE表明,与原文内容意思接近或相同的为答案。对话中提到:It looks pretty packed.从中可以推断行程是很紧的,故答案为[C]。整个对话中都在谈论Janet的旅游计划,并没有提及男士也要去,故排除[A];对话中也没有提到或暗示两个人有亲戚关系,故[B]错误。[D]与对话中的“I would probably miss half the sights otherwise”内容不一致,故排除此项。
4. From the conversation, we get the impression that Janet is
A.pragmatic.
B.outgoing.
C.willful.
D.calculating.
A B C D
B
[解析] 由Janet的回答“There will be...I like meeting new people”可以判断,她是个很外向的人,故答案为[B]。
Questions 5 and 8 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
[解析] 5-8 L: Hi, Howard. What are you working on? H: Hi, Lisa. I've just finished a piece of background music. L: Background music? Oh, like the music they're playing here now. H: Yes. You hear it everywhere — in restaurants, airports, supermarkets... L: In banks too. I noticed it while at the bank today. H: You're not supposed to notice it. It's just in the background. It's supposed to put you in the right mood. L: I'm not sure I like that idea. H: Well, it seems to work. Companies pay millions of dollars every year for background music. It's supposed to give you a better feeling about yourself and the people around you. Factories use it a lot. It makes the workers happy, and they work better that way. In one factory, music increased production 4.5 percent. L: Now that I think about it, I can't remember when there wasn't background music in restaurants and stores. H: Yeah, I know that hamburger places play fast music. When they started playing faster music, they found that a customer spent only seventeen minutes eating. The time was twenty-two minutes before that. L: So they have more people coming in and out to buy hamburgers. H: Exactly. And that's good for business. You can see why music has become so popular. In Los Angeles, for instance, thirty different companies are selling background music services. L: I still think there's something about it that I don't quite like. H: I know what you mean, but lots of people would not agree with you.
[解析] 第6题到第8题的题干中都出现了background music,由此可推测Howard的职业是与 background music相关的,故[D]很可能是答案。对话中提到“I've just finished a piece of background music”,再结合此后他不断介绍背景音乐的好处可知,他这方面的知识也很丰富,由此可推断他是名背景音乐作曲家,故答案为[D]。
6. According to Howard, background music
A.can possibly give people better feelings.
B.increases production by 4.5 percent in factories.
C.is sometimes very boring for workers.
D.is always faster than any other music.
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据常识可知,选项[C]和[D]很可能不是答案。又由对话中的“...give you a better feeling about yourself and the people around you”可知[A]为答案。
7. Hamburger places usually play fast background music because
A.they think that will make the attendants work faster.
B.they believe fast music can make people eat more.
C.it shortens eating time to allow more customers to come and go.
D.hamburgers will become more popular.
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据对话中的“...seventeen minutes eating...twenty-two minutes before that”和“...more people coming in and out to buy hamburgers”可知答案为[C]。
8. The background music as mentioned in the conversation is
A.such music as is played in concerts.
B.the music that is played only in restaurants and stores.
C.the music that is played to promote production.
D.the music that is played in the background to put listeners in a particular mood.
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据常识,可以直接排除[B]。又由“It's supposed to put you in the right mood”可知答案为 [D]。
Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
[解析] 9-10 J: Hi, Tom! T: Judy. Haven't seen you in weeks. Where have you been? J: In Florida. T: What, going on holiday! While the rest of us are studying on the campus in February cold? J: Not exactly. I spent most of my time under water. T: I don't understand. J: I was on a special field trip. I went with my marine biology class. T: So you went diving. What were you looking for, sunken treasure? J: You might say so. The sea's full of treasures. All kinds of strange fascinating organisms. Our class concentrated on studying plankton. T: I thought planktons were too small to be seen. J: That's common misconception. The term plankton covers a wild variety of freely flowing plants and animals, from one-cell organisms to larger ones, such as the common jellyfish. T: Jellyfish may be large enough to be seen. But can you see the very tiny planktons? J: By concentrating, I was able to see the outlines of lots of different plankton plants and animals. T: That sounds like an interesting trip. But I think if I've been in Florida in February, I'd much rather spend my time just swimming and lying in the sun.
[解析] 由对话中的“...While the rest of us are studying on the campus in February cold?”可以推断他一直在学习,故答案为[C]。
10. What kind of class went on the field trip?
A.Biology.
B.Photography.
C.Swimming.
D.Painting.
A B C D
A
[解析] 题目问的是哪个专业的学生进行了野外旅行,对话中提到,“I was on a special field trip. I went with my marine biology class”,再结合下面的对话一直谈论的都是海洋生物可知,答案为[A]。
SECTION B PASSAGES In this section you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
D.Because our society is permissive towards divorces.
A B C D
C
[解析] 11-12 A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. It isn't easy; marriage bas always been difficult. Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time? Yes, our modern social fabric is thin, and yes, the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and thrown die family into disorder. But divorce is so common because people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy, like the entertainment on TV, the thrill of a good party. Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, not dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of one's fantasies, some of one's legitimate desires, have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. "While all martial partners feel shackled at times, it is they who really choose to make the martial ties into confining chains or supporting bonds," says Dr. Walter. Marriage requires sexual, financial and emotional discipline. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot allow them to stop growing or changing.
[解析] [B]只说明了一种社会现象,与题干几乎没有关系,故很可能不是答案。再由原文中的“... people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy...a good party”可知[C]为答案,而[A]与题干没有必然的因果关系。
2. How to maintain a good marriage?
A.The couple should follow every of their own impulse respectively.
B.The couple should make a compromise sometimes when disagreements occur.
C.The couple should both endure dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul.
D.The couple should stop growing or changing.
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据常识,可以直接排除[D]。再由原文中提到的“Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice... but some level of compromise.”可知答案为[B]。
Questions 13 and 16 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
[解析] 13-16 Scientists say sharks have lived in the world's oceans for millions of years. Scientists say there are more than 350 different kinds of sharks. Sharks do not have bones, and a shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find. small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. Sharks also sense electrical and magnetic power linked to nerves and muscles of living animals. These powerful senses help them find their fond. Some sharks will eat just about anything. Many unusual things have been found in the stomachs of some large sharks. They include shoes, dogs, a cow's foot and metal protective clothing. About forty percent of the different kinds of sharks lay eggs. The others give birth to live young. Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies like humans do. Scientists are beginning to understand the importance of sharks to humans. Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense system against disease. They know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. Sharks appear never to suffer infections, cancer or heart diseases.
[解析] 题目问的是鲨鱼怎样找到它们的食物,由原文中的...has an extremely good sense of smell可知答案为[B]。
5. In which point some sharks are similar with humans?
A.Bone structure.
B.Smell ability.
C.Birth mode.
D.Recovery ability against disease.
A B C D
C
[解析] 题目问的是在哪一点上一些鲨鱼与人类相似,由原文中的...carry their young inside their bodies like humans do可知答案为[C]。
6. Why are sharks useful for humans?
A.For their tasty meat.
B.For the principle of their defense system against disease.
C.For their solid skin.
D.For the principle of their birth modes.
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据文中提到的“...the shark's body defense system against disease.”可知答案为[B]。
Questions 17 and 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
7. Why do people leave home to travel according to the passage?
A.To look for a different lifestyle.
B.To enjoy themselves,
C.For adventure.
D.For education.
A B C D
D
[解析] 17-20 People enjoy taking trips, but what are the reasons they leave home? One reason is for education. People travel because they want to broaden their horizons to learn about other people and other places. They are curious about other cultures. When people are tourists, they get a quick look at different ways of living. Even a short look at another kind of lifestyle is an important lesson. On a trip, a person can learn directly —by visiting museums and historic spots. What does a tourist learn who sees the art museums, visits the historical palaces and other scenic spots in Paris, and shops along the River Seine? He gets a vivid picture — a real-life one — of the French people. He learns about their attitudes, how they feel about business, beauty, and history. What about the tourist who goes to Hong Kong? Does he get the same information that he could get from a book? He might read that Hong Kong is crowded, that there is less than 200 square meters of space for each person, but seeing and feeling the lack of space will impress him much more. He might read that there are nearly 200 vehicles for every kilometer of roadway, but the sight of so many vehicles parked along the roadside will be a much more vivid lesson. The tourist to Hong Kong will never forget the contrasts — the straight vertical lines of the tall modem buildings and the moving lines of boats that the people live in.
[解析] 题目问的是人们出去旅行的原因,原文中第一句话就提出问题“what are the reasons they leave home”,这与本题题干一致,这时就要仔细听下文的解释:One reason is for education,故答案为[D]。
8. What do we learn from the passage about Paris?
A.There are 200 vehicles for every kilometer of roadway.
B.It bas a dense population.
C.There are many museums and palaces.
D.It has many towering buildings.
A B C D
C
[解析] 当听到“On a trip, a person...scenic spots in Paris”时,就应注意其中提到了艺术博物馆、历代的宫殿以及其他景点,并未涉及其他方面,由此可知答案为[C]。
9. What impression will a tourist get of Hong Kong?
A.It is a city of Contrasts.
B.It possesses many historical sites.
C.It is an important industrial center.
D.It has many big and beautiful parks.
A B C D
A
[解析] 题干中的Hong Kong是定位信息,因此要特别注意听与其相关的信息。由原文中的“... never forget the contrast...”可知答案为[A]。
10. What does the passage tell us about traveling?
A.It helps develop our personalities.
B.It enables us to acquire first-hand knowledge.
C.It makes our life more interesting.
D.It brings about changes in our lifestyle.
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题属于主旨题,可以从上几题中得到一些提示。第17题提到了旅游的目的之一是教育,而第18和19题提到了获取这种教育的方式,即on a trip, a person can learn directly,[B]中的acquire first-hand knowledge与此表述一致,故为答案。
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
[解析] 21-23 Thirty-four patients died and two were injured early yesterday when a fire broke out in a psychiatric hospital in the town of Nonsan. A police spokesman told reporters there were 41 patients in the newly-constructed Seoul Neurological Hospital when the fire broke out around 2:00 a. m. local time. It is said that rescue efforts were hampered because of some of the doors were locked for the night and some of the patients were bound to their beds. Policemen, firefighters and volunteers managed to get the fire under control within 20 minutes. It is said that police were investigating the cause of the blazes.
[解析] 做数字题时,考生应对听到的数字信息作简要的记录,并根据题干的要求辨清所听数字或通过简单加减乘除来得出答案。题干中的casualties指伤亡人数,由“Thirty-four patients died and two were injured”可知答案为[C]。
2. ______ together put out the fire.
A.Doctors, nurses and patients
B.Volunteers, policemen and firemen
C.Firemen, policemen and reporters
D.Firemen, policemen .and doctors
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据常识可知,灭火中肯定少不了Firemen的参与,故选项[A]很可能不是答案。又由文中的“Policemen, firefighters and volunteers managed...”可知答案为[B]。
3. The fire was brought under control
A.within 20 minutes.
B.within 30 minutes.
C.within 40 minutes.
D.within two hours.
A B C D
A
[解析] 题目问的是火势在多长时间内得到控制,由“...get the fire under control within 20 minutes”可知答案为[A]。
Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
4. The reduction of ______ UN peace-keeping troops within 4 months from Rwanda is authorized.
A.5,000
B.2,300
C.3,200
D.1,800
A B C D
C
[解析] 24-25 The UN Security Council has unanimously adopted a resolution renewing the UN peace-keeping force in Rwanda for another 6 months while reducing its size by more than half. The UN resolution authorizes the reduction of the UN assistance mission in Rwanda from 5,000 troops to 2,300 hoops within three months and to 1,800 troops within four months. The resolution is a compromise between a proposal by UN Secretary General to cut the UN force in half and Rwandans' wish for an even larger reduction.. Rwandan authorities say they have assumed responsibility for national security following last year's Hutu-led genocide, reducing the need for UN peace-keeping. The UN force will also help with the training of the national police force and with the delivery of humanitarian aid.
[解析] 做数字题时,考生应该对听到的数字信息作简要的记录,并根据题干的要求辨清所听数字或通过简单加减乘除来得出答案。根据“...5,000 troops...to 1,800 troops within four months”可知答案为[C]。
5. It is agreed that the UN force will do the following EXCEPT
A.making sure of the safe return of Rwandan refugees.
6. Question 26 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news. The French police arrested a man because
A.he was instructed over the phone to plant a bomb in Lille.
[解析] French police say they have narrowly headed off a new bomb attack and arrested a man. Officials call a key figure in a three-month wave of bombings, Police seized bomb components in the Northern City of Lille and detained an Algerian in Paris. They say they arrested him after hearing him on a tapped telephone give orders to plant a bomb in the busy Lille market on Sunday.
[解析] 题目问的是法国警察逮捕一个男人的原因,由新闻中提到的“...after hearing him on a tapped telephone give orders to plant a bomb...”可知答案为[D]。
Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
7. Tangled fighting between the three races broke out
A.before Serbs voted on a peace plan.
B.after Serbs voted on a peace plan.
C.when Serbs voted on a peace plan.
D.as soon as Serbs voted on a peace plan.
A B C D
C
[解析] 27-28 Fighting flared yesterday in northern and southern Bosnia, pitting Serbs against Muslims and Muslims against Croats. Meanwhile, Bosnian Serbs voted on a peace plan they seem certain to reject. The defiance of Bosnian Serbs and the three-way fighting underlined the complexity of bringing peace to this rugged state. A brutal 13-month war had destroyed its elaborate ethnic quiet, stitched together by centuries of coexistence. The United States President had dismissed this weekend's Bosnian Serb referendum as a maneuver to buy time. He is expected to press reluctant Europeans for military action against Bosnia's Serbs if they do reject the apparently doomed Vance Owen plan.
[解析] 题目问的是三个种族发生混战时,塞尔维亚人就一项和平计划进行投票发生的时间。新闻中首先提到昨天又展开了激战,接着提到“Meanwhile, Bosnian Serbs...certain to reject”,由此可见,两件事是同时发生的,故答案为[C]。
8. Why did the United States President dismiss the Bosnian Serb referendum?
A.To delay the military action.
B.To reject the Vance Owen plan.
C.To destroy its elaborate ethnic quiet.
D.To press reluctant Europeans for military action.
A B C D
A
[解析] 题目问的是美国总统为什么取消本周末塞尔维亚的公民投票。新闻中提到了“The United States... as a maneuver to buy time”,其中buy time意思是“为某事争取时间”,由此可知答案为[A]。
Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
9. The percentage of the annual decrease in infant mortality rate since 1990 is
A.6.5.
B.5.85.
C.5.
D.19.
A B C D
A
[解析] 29-30 The infant mortality rate in China has declined notably since the beginning of the 1990s, according to China's new white paper on children's conditions. The average decrease in infant mortality in the country is 6. 5 percent a year since 1990. The mortality rate of children under five years old has been tailing off by 5.85 percent annually, the white paper says. The white paper, entitled "The Situation of children in China" and issued by the Information Office of the State Council says that so far, no other country in the world with an annual per capita income approximate to China's has attained such rapid decreases.
[解析] 做数字题时,考生应该对听到的数字信息作简要记录,并根据题干的要求辨清所听数字。由“...is 6.5 percent a year since 1990”以及no other country...has attained such rapid decreases可知[A]为答案。
10. ______ progress has been made in cutting down the mortality rate in China.
A.Rapid
B.Slow
C.Little
D.Negative
A B C D
A
[解析] 题目问的是在中国降低死亡率取得了怎样的进步,由“...declined notably since the beginning of the 1990s”可知答案为[A]。
PART Ⅲ CLOZE Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. In America, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care 1 their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who 2 with their parents 3 65% to 70%. in Thailand, too, children are expected to look after their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live 4 . What explains these differences in living arrangements across cultures? Modernization theory 5 the extended family to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. 6 with modernization, children move to urban areas, 7 old people after in 8 rural areas. Yet modernization theory can't 'explain why such households were never common in America or England, or why families in fully modernized Italy 9 a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain 10 living arrangements. Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance 11 . In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance overtakes. 12 this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then 13 their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, 14 broader social changes brought 15 by industrialization and urbanization, have 16 the usage. In 1960 about 80% of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60% 17 — a figure that is still high 18 American standards, but which has been 19 steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are 20 : the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77% in 1984 to 50% just 10 years later.
[解析] 由下文“the percentage of...just 10 years later”可知,这里所谈的是韩国传统生活方式的安排也正遭受侵蚀,故[D]eroding“侵蚀,腐蚀”为答案。
PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. If you ______ change your mind, please let us know.
3. Although ______ Spanish, he attended the course.
A.he was knowing
B.he is knowing
C.having a knowledge of
D.knows
A B C D
C
[解析] know是静态动词,不能用于进行时,所以排除[A]和[B]。knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词,但作“了解”讲时,前面可加不定冠词a,常用于词组have a knowledge of中,所以[C]为答案。
4. The owner and editor of the newspaper ______ the conference.
A.were attending
B.were to attend
C.is to attend
D.are to attend
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题考查主谓一致。由and连接两个并列成分表示同一人或事物时,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数。在本题的题干中,the owner和editor of the newspaper指的是同一个人,即一人兼两职,并非两个人,因而谓语用单数,由此可知答案为[C]。如果是指两个人,则为:the owner and the editor。
5. We left the meeting, there obviously ______ no point in staying.
A.were
B.being
C.to be
D.having
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题考查存在句的非限定形式以及there is no point in doing sth.句式。there is no point in doing sth.是固定句式,意为“做某事没有用或没有意义”,由此排除[D]。在本题的题干中,该句式还充当原因状语,因而应采用它的非限定形式,即在空格处填入being,故答案为[B]。
6. These people once had fame and fortune; now ______ is left to them is utter poverty.
12. The Second World War, ______ the earlier one of 1914, prompted public concern about the physical and intellectual well-being of the country's human resources.
14. She was teaching me ______ you would teach a younger child to speak the language.
A.the way
B.in the way
C.away
D.to the way
A B C D
A
[解析] [A]the way后可接方式状语从句,意为“以…方式”,故为答案。而[B]in the way意为“妨碍(某人)”,[C]a way和[D]to the way为非固定搭配,故排除。
15. "You know so much about literature. It's a pity you failed your degree," Harry said, "You ______ a good teacher."
A.would have been
B.can have been
C.must be
D.should have been
A B C D
A
[解析] 题干中的failed your degree是表示过去发生的行为,该句暗含这样一层意义:If you hadn't failed your degree you would have been a good teacher.[B]中形式不对,[C]不符合题意,[D]的主语应该是第一人称,而题干中主语是you,故答案为[A]。
16. Dogs are often praised for their ______; they almost never abandon their masters.
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
TEXT A The human species came into being at the time of the greatest biological diversity in the history of the Earth. Today, as human populations expand and alter the natural environment, they are reducing biological diversity to its lowest level. The ultimate consequences of this biological reduction are beyond calculation, but they are certain to be harmful. That, in essence, is the biodiversity crisis. The history of global diversity can be summarized as follows: after the initial flowering of multi-cellular animals, there was a swift rise in the number of species in early Paleozoic times (between 600 and 430 million years ago), then plate-alike stagnation for the remaining 200 million years of the Paleozoic era, and finally a slow but steady climb through the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras to diversity's all-time high. This history suggests that biological diversity was hard won and a long time in coming. Furthermore, this pattern of increase was set back by five massive extinction episodes. The most recent of these, during the Cretaceous period, is by far the most famous, because it ended the age of the dinosaurs, giving hegemony to the mammals, thus ultimately making possible the dominance of the human species over the Earth. But the Cretaceous crisis was minor compared with the Permian extinctions 240 million years ago, during which between 77 and 96 percent of marine animal species perished. It took five million years, well into Mesozoic times, for species diversity to begin a significant recovery. Within the past 10,000 years biological diversity has entered a wholly new era. Human activity has had a devastating effect on species diversity, and the rate of human-induced extinctions is accelerating. Half of the bird species of Polynesia have been eliminated through hunting and the destruction of native forests. The list of such biogeographic disasters is extensive. Because every species is unique and irreplaceable, the loss of biodiversity is the most profound process of environmental change. Its consequences are also the least predictable because the value of the Earth's species remains largely unstudied and unappreciated; unlike material and cultural wealth, which we understand because they are the substance of our everyday lives, biological wealth is usually taken for granted. This is a serious strategic error, one that will be increasingly regretted as time passes.
1. Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A.The reduction in biodiversity represents a setback both for science and for society as a whole.
B.The material and cultural wealth Of a nation are insignificant when compared with the country's biological wealth.
C.The human species is in the process of initiating an unprecedented massive extinction episode.
D.The current decline in species diversity has potentially grave consequences for the human species.
TEXT B Suicide, the number-two killer of college student, claims the lives of approximately 5,000 college-age people each year. That number, experts say is a minimum estimate since many suicides reported as accidents. Over the past thirty years, the incidence of suicides among college-age individuals has risen 284 percent. This dramatic increase is explained in numerous ways by experts from different domains. Although there is typically no single reason for a suicide, authorities have compiled several reasons why a college student may attempt it. First, scholastic anxiety may contribute to a student's dissatisfaction with life. Parental and peer pressure for scholastic achievement may become an unreasonable burden. Since competition for grades and academic achievement is becoming fiercer on today's campuses, the student who is worried or anxious about grades may become extremely distraught and depressed. Second, students face high unemployment rates. Economic hardship is often a hallmark of suicide. Third, a stressful social life can make a college student feel rejected, abandoned and dissatisfied. Individuals who have problems adjusting to social life in college are frequently considered likely candidates for attempting suicide since they lack companionship and thus may feel as though no one cares about them. There is an encouraging note in the bleak picture. A high percent of suicidal individuals — 80% — indicate their intention. An actual suicide such as "You'd better off without me" and "Life has lost all meaning" fall into this category. Another possible indication is the situational hint, such as a person's poor health, economic distress, breakups of relationships, and family problems. A fourth possible indication is the emotional hint, which involves changes in behavior and levels of energy. The suicide of at least 5,000 higher education students per year is a devastating loss — to family and friends, to the college, and to the community. Since early detection and treatment of depression are the greatest deterrents to suicide, educators and colleges may be in unique positions to help prevent these losses. Studies report that establishing crisis intervention centers on campuses is highly effective step. Two major components are necessary before these centers can be completely functional. The first is a twenty-four hour telephone answering service. Personnel answering the phone can be professionals. A second component is the presence of professional counselors. Students who contemplate or attempt suicide need professional guidance. Typically, campus crisis centers perform three functions. First, they educate and inform the community about suicide. If other students and professors are taught to recognize symptoms of a suicidal individual, then early detection and intervention may be possible before an individual even attempts suicide. Second, the centers provide counseling for victims who have attempted suicide. Since statistics show that four of five people who commit suicide tried it at least once before, this intervention is of the outmost importance. The third functions of a crisis intervention center on a campus is to counsel individuals who were friends, roommates, and relatives of the victims. The college's roll in early detection and intervention for its troubled students may be relatively simple, requiring only minimum facilities and personnel, and institutional awareness and concern.
1. The article is primarily about
A.treatment of suicidal tendencies.
B.causes of college students suicide.
C.the problem and prevention of college student suicide.
D.functions and characteristics of crisis centers.
TEXT C In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah, Winfrey show. Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk". The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society's moral catastrophe, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments of other people's lives. Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual's quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors. Compared with Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends ever with a "final word". He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable. Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main target audiences are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18-to 20-year olds whose main troubles in life involve love relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show's exploitation. While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk Show world.
1. Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows are
TEXT D Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners (从业者). "With virtual reality we'll be able to put a Surgeon in every trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers. The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier. Although Satava's vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound. These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor (肿瘤). Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient's brain taken before surgery. During these procedures — operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered — surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine."
1. According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine
A.will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield.
B.can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield.
C.will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield.
D.can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield.
A B C D
C
[解析] 引言处设题 [解析] 第二段中,Satava提到有了virtual reality,就能够put a surgeon in every trench(把外科医生派到每道战壕里),并且他设想伤员们可以被安置在mobile surgical units equipped with computers(配备了计算机的流动外科医疗队)里,结合这两点可推知,Satava认为虚拟现实技术在医学领域的应用将极大地改善战场上的医疗条件,因此答案为[C]。[A]与虚拟技术应用的情况恰恰相反。physically present意为“本人亲自到…”;[B]和[D]在文中未提及,不是答案。
2. Richard Satava has visions of
A.using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas.
B.wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefield.
C.wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons.
D.setting up mobile surgical units overseas.
A B C D
A
[解析] 观点处设题 [解析] 第二段中Satava设想将海外战场中的伤员放置在配备了电脑的流动外科医疗室里接受治疗;第三段则详述了诊治过程。由fighting overseas, transmit images...back in the U. S. ,guide robotic instruments in the battlefield...等可知,Satava在设想利用远程控制技术给海外的伤员治疗,因此答案为[A]。 [B]错在doctors...on the battlefield,根据原文可知带着虚拟现实头盔的医生并不需要亲临战场。由文中的 guide robotic instruments...that operate on the soldier可知进行手术的是自动器械,而不是经过特殊训练的外科医生,故[C]不是答案。此外,文中提到了mobile surgical units,但没有提到其“组建”问题,因此[D]不是答案。
3. How is virtual reality surgery performed?
A.It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.
B.Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.
C.Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them;
D.A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.
A B C D
C
[解析] 定语从句处设题 [解析] 由第四段提到的they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery可知,医生实际是通过计算机来操纵与计算机另一端相连的自动器械,[C]与此相符,故为答案。[A]与原文不符,故排除;戴虚拟现实头盔是为了观察伤口,而不是接收反馈回来的信息,故[B]不是答案;3-D图像的功能是为医生提供更清晰的手术区域的图像;而不是记录手术过程,因此[D]不是答案。
4. During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because
A.he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen.
B.the cuts can be examined from different angles.
C.the cuts have been highly magnified'.
D.he is wearing 3-D glasses.
A B C D
D
[解析] 因果处设题 [解析] 第六段段首的these procedures指的就是virtual reality operations。由其后的surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view可知,因为戴了3-D眼镜,医生们才能更好地观察手术切口,故答案为[D]。
5. Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they
A.cause less pain to the wounded.
B.allow the patient to recover more quickly.
C.will make human surgeons' work less tedious.
D.are done by robot surgeons with greater precision.
A B C D
D
[解析] 因果处设题 [解析] 第六段末句中的they指的就是virtual reality operations。由they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can可知答案为[D]。选项中的greater precision对应文中的more accurately。
PART Ⅵ WRITING
SECTION A COMPOSITION We have been educated to be honest since childhood. But some people also say that we should not tell the truth all the time. What is your opinion? Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:
1. We Should Not Always Tell the Truth You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
[范文] We Should Not Always Tell the Truth It is most people's belief that "honesty is the best policy" in most situations. This is because once we become known for telling lies, we will lose others' trust, and the trust, once lost, is hard to regain. However, I believe that there are some situations in which it is better not to tell the truth. Sometimes truth brings unnecessary hurt. For example, if a man breaks up with his girlfriend and she says terrible things behind about him, there is no point in telling the mars what she has said at all. Under this circumstance, telling the truth can do nothing but hurt the man. Similarly, if a plump lady is buying a coat which she obviously likes, and asks for your opinion, there is no need to remind her that she definitely looks no slimmer in it at all. I do not believe that we have the right to hurt others unnecessarily in the name of truth. In conclusion, we should think before we speak, even when it means deciding between the truth and a lie. We should balance the situation, especially when it is a matter of personal opinion. The truth should be told as much as possible; nevertheless I am convinced that telling a white lie is just as good when the situation calls for it.
1. Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50~60 words based on the following situation: You are Williams. You have had a class meeting about a picnic this Saturday. Your friend Polly was not present in the meeting, so please write a note to her, telling her what you have talked about in the meeting. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
[范文] May 28, 2008 Dear Polly, The monitor asked me to tell you, since you didn't attend the class meeting, that there would be a picnic by the West Lake this Saturday. There are lots of things to prepare and we have decided to share the work. You and I will take charge of making sandwiches and salad. Let's begin to do it soon. Yours, Williams