1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
[解析] Hemingway American writer, Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois. He started his career as a writer in a newspaper office at the age of seventeen. During the 1920s, Hemingway became a member of the group Americans living in Paris, which he described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises. Equally successful was A Farewell To Arms, the study of an American ambulance officer's disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter. Hemingway used his experience as a reporter during the Civil War in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls. Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel The Old Man and The Sea, the story of an old fisherman's journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat. Now Hemingway is the classic symbol of bravery, or strong man.
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
1. According to the woman, what governs the clothes we wear?
A.A desire to display one's wealth and express oneself.
B.Love for beauty and a desire to impress others.
C.Individual taste and love for beauty.
D.Individual taste and a desire to express oneself.
A B C D
D
[解析] 1-4 M: Do you really believe that clothes carry a kind of message and that what we put on is a reflection of what we feel? W: Oh, yeah. Now people are beginning to take seriously the idea of a kind of psychology of clothing, to believe that there is not just individual taste but also a thinking that is trying to express something we may not even be aware of ourselves. M: But surely this has always been the case. We all dress up when we want to impress someone; we tend to put on something smart. W: But that's a conscious act. What I am talking about is more of a subconscious thing. Take for example the student away from home at university: if he tends to wrap himself up more than others, this is because he is probably feeling homesick. Similarly, a general feeling of insecurity can sometimes take the form of overdressing in warmer clothes than necessary. M: Can you give any other examples? W: Yes. I think people who are sociable tend to dress in an extroverted way, preferring brighter or more dazzling colors--yellows, bright reds, and so on. M: Do you think the care--or lack of it--over the way we wear has anything to tell us? W: Yes, indeed. The length of a man's trousers speaks volumes about his awareness of his own image. If his trousers are very short or having loosely, this probably means he's absorbed by other things.
2. In support of the unusual warm clothes some people wear, what can we infer from such a phenomenon?
A.They are in poor health condition.
B.They may want to attract others' attention.
C.They may be homesick or feel insecure.
D.They have a poor taste in dressing.
A B C D
C
3. So far as clothes are concerned, what color might shy people prefer according to the woman?
A.Red.
B.Gray.
C.Yellow.
D.White.
A B C D
B
4. If a man wears his trousers loosely, what we can learn about him?
A.His focus of attention is attracted by other things.
B.He is a little cynical and has an aggressive personality.
C.He is possibly poverty-stricken.
D.He has a careless wife.
A B C D
A
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
A.The company cannot reserve some accommodation for their VIP clients.
B.The company is now enjoying a flourishing period.
C.The company suffered a lot last year.
D.The company has a close relationship with the hotel.
A B C D
B
[解析] 5-7 W: After the expansion of the company last year, we are getting far more visitors coming over, so we would like to reserve some accommodation for some important clients of ours, and we want to know what you could provide. M: Well, working with companies and giving VIP guests special treatment is part of our service. So if you will just give me the details--numbers, dates, and so on--we can try to work out a package. W: Right then. Well, the clients concerned are three directors from IBM. We would like them to have three luxury rooms with all facilities. M: Right, I get the picture.., and as regards meals? W: Breakfast, of course, but any other meals would be charged to us in addition to what we agree now. However, we would like to include in the package a special dinner when they arrive--dinner for six, including the directors of our company. And we would also like some extra luxuries for them on arrival--bottle of champagne and a bouquet of flowers in each room. M: No problem. That's included, in our VIP package. Now the dates? W: From March 1 to March 4. M: That's three nights. Now that's a peak time for us, and our rates would normally be high. However I could accommodate the clients in three luxury suites, which I'll show you in a moment. I can quote you a special allinclusive rate of £1,800. W: That sounds acceptable.
6. The following are all included in the hotel's package except the service of ______. A. a good wine B. a bunch of flowersC. a special dinner D. a free concert
A B C D
D
7. According to the conversation what is the cost for each person in such a luxury room for three days?
A.£200.
B.£250.
C.about £ 300.
D.£ 600.
A B C D
A
Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
8. According to the man which one is NOT the possible factor of success?
A.Patience is necessary.
B.We should be blessed with luck.
C.Hard working.
D.A good understanding of the teamwork spirit.
A B C D
B
[解析] 8-10 W: There are a lot of things that you cannot control in this world, is that right? M: Exactly. So you just keep going forward. You keep going, endure and perhaps something good will come of it. W: What should be done if you want success? M: You go to work hard, real hard. If you are really an expert, maybe something bad will not come of it. W: Do you think nothing is as good as you want because of other people's perception? M: No, I think one may overestimate their abilities. That is the problem. W: What do you mean by that? M: Put it this way, you should never take it for granted your abilities, be whatever they are, they can not alone decide what will come of them. W: Can you give me an example? M: Well, take a performance in a film for example, there are so many other people involved. The performance is pretty much controlled by the editing. You're now relying on the editor and the director. If you're editing the film, you're relying on the actor and the support team and on the terrible hand; you might not be doing enough. W: It sounds like, with whatever you do in the world, there are so many factors that you can't control. M: Absolutely.
9. What should we avoid doing if we want succeed according to the conversation?
A.Being ready to accept others' advice.
B.Not being too self-confident.
C.Bearing Endurance and persistence.
D.Having a disproportional belief in one ability.
A B C D
D
10. What does not contribute to an actor's performance in a movie?
A.The directions of the movie director.
B.The support of the firm crew.
C.The effort of the actor.
D.The editing of the movie.
A B C D
C
SECTION B PASSAGES In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
1. All of the following are causes of being bitten by mosquitoes EXCEPT ______.
A.carbon dioxide and other odors
B.sweat
C.the quality of your skin
D.heart and blood pressure medicine
A B C D
C
[解析] 11-14 Mosquitoes do not randomly perch on just anyone's body and begin sucking for the most fragrantly appealing humans. Mosquitoes use odor to sort attractive people from the unattractive to find those that are most tasty. Researchers found one sure way to stop attracting the little bugs--stop breathing. Mosquitoes can sniff out an attractive target from as far as 40 miles. When humans exhale, they expel a plume of CO2 and other odors that travel through the air. The appetizing stir is the equivalent of a dinner bell, alerting mosquitoes that a warm meal is within range. When a mosquito is trailing an attractive target, it zigzags up the breath plume until it makes contact, landing on the skin and patiently searching for just the right spot to insert its stylet for an eight-to-ten second feeding. Perspiration, a barely avoidable human condition, also is a mosquito lure--but only if the sweat has formed , bacteria. Bathing helps reduce the attractiveness of sticky bodies, but after-bath products don't. Skin-care products that clean, soften and moisturize not only improve a person's appearance, they're also attractive to mosquitoes. Certain medications, including heart and blood pressure medicine, also alter a person's likelihood of being bitten. Scientists conducted the research to explore the tastes of mosquitoes and help humans protect themselves from mosquito-borne disease.
2. What is the sure way to stop being the target of mosquitoes?
A.Stopping breathing.
B.Taking a bath.
C.Reducing the sweat.
D.Wearing skin care products.
A B C D
A
3. How long will the sucking of the mosquito last?
A.Less than 8 seconds.
B.No more than 12 seconds.
C.Eight to 10 seconds.
D.About 5 seconds.
A B C D
C
4. The ultimate purpose of the research is to ______.
A.have a better understanding of the life of mosquitoes
B.prevent human beings from being bitten by mosquitoes
C.purify the environment
D.keep people healthy
A B C D
B
Questions 15 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
5. The five-year survey in Sweden revealed ______ of unnatural deaths were associated with alcohol.
A.29%
B.44%
C.almost 50%
D.56%
A B C D
A
[解析] 15-17 A study has found that almost half of all unnatural deaths are related to alcohol. Research carried out by doctors in Sweden suggests that 44% of deaths caused by accidents or other events are linked to drinking. These include deaths from suicide, falls, traffic injuries and murder. The doctors examined deaths in Sweden over a five-year period. They divided deaths into natural ones that were caused by disease or illness and unnatural ones that were event related. They found that 29% of all unnatural deaths were associated with alcohol. However, they estimated that the figure may be as high as 44% and may be even higher in countries with "softer" alcohol laws than in Sweden. Scientists say the sober person does not take the same risks and, to some extent, can avoid dangers and risks. Alcohol blurs your mind and it is well known that both self-destructive behavior and aggression towards other people are much higher under the influence of alcohol than during sobriety. The study demonstrates that alcohol is a problem not only when it comes to drunk driving and traffic deaths, but in a significant number of all unnatural deaths. This means that you run a greater risk in almost all aspects when you are under the influence of alcohol. Sue Boon, assistant director of Alcohol Concern Association, said she was not surprised by the findings.
6. Under the influence of alcohol, people will ______.
A.have a clear mind and be more aggressive
B.commit self-destructive behavior
C.suffer both natural and unnatural death
D.be more alert and excited
A B C D
B
7. What's the response of the assistant director of Alcohol Concern Association toward the findings of the study?
A.To her the result is unexpected.
B.She feels sorry for the findings.
C.It is not a surprise.
D.It is exciting and inspiring.
A B C D
C
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
B.The good wishes given by the parents to their children.
C.The reoccurrences of good luck.
D.The start of new life.
A B C D
D
[解析] 18-20 Do you know how the custom of coloring Easter eggs began or how the tradition of the Easter Bunny began? The egg has always been a symbol of new life. Christians have long used the egg as the symbol of Christ's rebirth. It is thought the Crusaders brought the custom of dyeing eggs to Europe during the Middle Ages, as it was common practice among the Egyptians, Persians, Greeks and Romans to dye eggs for their spring festivals. In eastern and central Europe, Easter eggs are taken very seriously. The most elaborate eggs are decorated by the people from Poland and Ukraine. They call them "pysanki" eggs, which mean written eggs. Thus began the custom of writing on Easter eggs. The most elaborate Easter eggs are not even real eggs. A Russian jeweler, Cad Faberge, made his eggs out of gold, silver and jewels. The eggs opened to show tiny figures of people, animals, plants or buildings. The Russian emperor gave these eggs as gifts. The custom of wearing new clothes on Easter began around 300 A. D. , around the time of Constantine, the first Christian emperor. He decreed that members of his court should wear their finest clothes on Easter. The custom of the Easter egg hunt was started by a German duchess. It was said the brightly decorated eggs were left by the Easter rabbit for the country children, who made a game of finding the eggs.
9. The custom of writing on Easter eggs comes from
A.the central and eastern Europe
B.Poland and Ukraine
C.the Egyptians
D.a Russian jeweler
A B C D
B
10. When did the custom of wearing new clothes on Easter begin? A. Around 300
A.D.
B.During the Middle Ages.
C.Around the time of the second Christian emperor. D. In the 500A.
D.
A B C D
A
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
1. Castro attended a Catholic Cathedral service ______.
A.to mourn the death of the Pope
B.to make a speech
C.to comfort the church officials
D.to make a break of the tradition
A B C D
A
[解析] 21-22 The President of Cuba Fidel Castro has attended a service of the Catholic Cathedral in Havana to mourn the death of Pope John Paul. A church official says it's the first time the Communist leader has entered the building since 1959. It's not until 1992 that Cuba officially did not believe in the existence of God. President Castro said the Pope was always a good friend of Cuba. To John Paul II: Rest in peace. Tireless fighter for the peace of nations, enemy of war and friend of the poor. It was vain for those who wanted to use your prestige against the just cause of people.
2. Which one is NOT the Pope's image in the President's eyes?
A.A peace-lover.
B.Friend of the poor people.
C.A good friend to Cuba.
D.A quiet and calm person.
A B C D
D
Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
3. Which one is NOT true about the result of the attack?
A.The victims are all foreign tourists.
B.A French citizen was among the dead.
C.At least 2 people are killed and 19 others injured.
D.The bomber might be one of the dead.
A B C D
A
[解析] 23-24 A bomb attack in Cairo has killed at least 2 people and injured 19 others, many of them foreign tourists. A French citizen was among the dead and Egypt police said another body might have been that of the bomber. The Cairo police chief said a male pedestrian had tossed an explosive device into the crowded market in the oldest Islamic center of Cairo. The explosion took place in an area that is almost constantly packed with its both tourists and Egyptian shoppers.
4. Where did the explosion take place?
A.At a subway station.
B.In a crowded street.
C.In a market.
D.In a tourism center.
A B C D
C
Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
[解析] 25-26 Water supplies to many Sudanese refugees in eastern Chad are being cut because wells are drying up and it's still 6 weeks before rain is expected. Around 200,000 Sudanese are in the area, having fled the fighting in Darfur. The camps strung out along the Chad-Sudan border are very hot at this time of the year. A spokesman says they can now only provide a third of the internationally recognized standard of water supply. That's just 5 liters a day for cooking, drinking and washing. Oxfam is conducting an urgent search for alternative supplies.
6. All the following statements are true about the refugees EXCEPT that ______.
A.they have fled away from the flood
B.the internationally recognized standard of water supply is 15 liters a day
C.they are now in a hot and dry region
D.an urgent search for alternative supplies will be conducted for them
A B C D
A
Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
7. Which of the following is NOT the purpose of the summit?
A.To work together to fight for more rights for developing countries.
B.To mark the anniversary of Non-aligned Movement.
C.To call for the reform of international institutions.
D.To call for debt reduction for the poor countries.
A B C D
D
[解析] 27-28 Leaders from dozens of African and Asian countries at a summit in Indonesia have vowed to work together to give developing countries a bigger say in world affairs. The pledge came during a ceremony in Bangdung to mark the 50th anniversary of the meeting that gave birth to the Non-aligned Movement. The movement is made up of more than 100 states, containing more than half the world's population. The Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh called for the reform of international institutions in order to allow poorer countries greater participation. "We must ensure that the architecture of international institutions is democratized and made more representative."
8. What can we know about the Non-aligned Movement?
A.It is made up of more than 100 states.
B.Its members contain less than half the world's population.
C.It is made up of dozens of .African and Asian countries.
D.It came into being 52 years ago.
A B C D
A
Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
[解析] 29-30 Australia's Big Dry continues to tighten its grip. Much of the land is dying of thirst and has been reduced to dust. Many areas haven't had decent rainfall in months. The Prime Minister, John Howard, has traveled to one hot and dry corner of New South Wales where 90% of the state is in drought to see the struggles endured by one fanning community. Mr. Howard's government has spent more than half-a-billion dollars on drought relief and expects that figure to rise much further. The cabinet will meet early next week to discuss possible changes and the Prime Minister appears to be sympathetic. Concerns have also been raised about an increase in depression among farming families, not to mention rising debt.
10. What actions have been take by the government?
A.Another billion dollars on drought relief will be granted.
B.Next week the cabinet would discuss how to fight the drought.
C.The Prime Minister was not satisfied with farmers' complaints.
D.They pay more attention to farmers' depression and rising debt.
A B C D
D
PART Ⅲ CLOZE Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. Sociologists use "power" to refer to the capacity of people to control or influence the actions of others. Sociologists study power to 1 not only who exercise it, but also why it's exercised and who benefits from its use. Of wealth, power and prestige, power is the hardest to measure. Most studies are nothing more than an average of 2 about where power is found. Many forms of power are so 3 hidden that only its holders know the source. Because it's so hard to 4 , and tied to ideology, the subject of power is a source of much 5 in sociology. Some maintain that power in America is concentrated in the 6 of a few people who have a common 7 and who tend to act together. Wright Mills 8 that America is 9 by a "power elite". Others believe that power in America is 10 among many groups and people. Sociologists do agree that real power may not always lie 11 we think it does. Mayors of some cities, 12 , are sometimes mere figureheads looking impressive. The actual decisions are made by a handful of business leaders staying behind the 13 . Some are made at the lowest level, where the work is really 14 Such is the 15 with the police officers or teachers. Power may exist 16 wealth: not all the rich are powerful, and vice versa. But the two 17 are closely related. In national politics, 18 for office are often wealthy. The Kennedy' brothers, the Roosevelts, and Reagan are only a few men of wealth powerful in politics. Moreover, power is often used to 19 wealth. How many lawmakers, generals, or labor union heads retire 20 poverty?
名词语义题。句意为:一些社会学家主张,美国权力集中掌握在有共同背景的少数人手中,他们更可能会同心协力。in the hands of固定搭配“掌控在…的手中”;[A]mastery意思是“掌握,精通;统治,控制”;选项[C]manipulation表示“控制,操纵”;选项[D]domination表示“主宰,支配”。选项[A]、[C]和[D]搭配不当,主语是the power,它掌控在谁的手中,只能用in the hands of。
固定搭配题。句意为:真正的决定是幕后的一小部分商业巨头做出的。behind the scene为固定搭配,表示“在幕后”。选项[A]stage表示“舞台,活动场所”,不合适;选项[C]appearance意思是“表象,外观”,不能与behind搭配;选项[D]reality一般的搭配为in reality,表示“事实上;实际上”,与behind搭配不合适。
介词搭配题。句意为:有多少立法者、将军和工会领导退休的时候穷困潦倒呢?be in poverty表示“处于穷困境况”。其他介词不合适。
PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked [A], [B], [C] , and [D]. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. It is only when you overcome all difficulties and reach your goal ______ fully aware that the way to success is not paved with flowers.
A.do you become
B.then you become
C.that you become
D.have you become
A B C D
C
强调句型。该句是一个典型的强调句式,即It is…that…。
2. The tycoon is said in the newspaper ______ the day before yesterday on his way to the airport.
A.to be kidnapped
B.kidnapped
C.to have been kidnapped
D.having been kidnapped
A B C D
C
时态题。动词不定式的完成式做主语的补足语,说明不定式的行为发生在主句谓语动作之前。
3. They are talking vigorously about the people and countries ______ they had visited.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.where
A B C D
B
定语从句。定语从句中关系代词that的用法。在先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词只能用that。
4. It is very clear that the government's aid will ______ the poor from poverty.
A.contribute to freeing
B.be contributed to free
C.contribute to free
D.be contributed to freeing
A B C D
A
固定用法。contribute to 意为“有助于,促成”,to是介词,所以后面应接名词或动名词,故选项 [A]为正确答案。
5. Once ______, the information superhighway will drastically change the lifestyle of all the residents on this island.
A.it being completed
B.it completed
C.completed
D.it completes
A B C D
C
连词的用法。once在这里是连词,意为“一旦…就…”,后面省略了it is。
6. The hotel will be in a tight corner this year unless the newly launched project ______ miracle.
A.is working
B.works
C.will be working
D.worked
A B C D
B
时态题。unless引导条件状语从句,用一般现在时表将来。这里work的意思是“创造,实现”, work miracle表示“产生奇迹”。
7. With his poor English, he even cannot get his ideas across, ______ exert any essential effect on others.
A.let alone
B.that's to say
C.not to speak
D.not to say
A B C D
A
关联词辨析。选项[A] let alone意思为“更不必说”;选项[B]that is to say意为“也就是说”。没有选项[C]not to speak这种说法,而not to speak of可以表示“(更)不用说,当然”;选项[D]not to say意思是“虽说不上”,不合乎题意。
8. The chairman ______ all the suggestions put forward into a single plan of action when the tragedy took place. A. just have condensedB. just condensed C. had just condensedD. were to condense
14. He ______ the upper hand in the competition but, at that time, he gave rein to his emotions and ruined the game. A. had to take B. might have takenC. might take D. must have taken
A B C D
B
虚拟语气题。对过去事实的虚拟,因此要用过去完成时,表示与过去事实相反。
15. ______ by notions of perfection-perfect expressiveness, perfect technique, he would have lived an easy life.
A.But for he had been driven
B.If not he had been driven
C.Had he not been driven
D.Had not he been driven
A B C D
C
虚拟语气题。对过去事实的虚拟,采用了省略的形式,必须倒装。完整正常的语序应该为If he had not been driven by the notion of perfection…。but for是连词,意思是“要不是”,但它主要表示“多亏,幸亏有了…才”,语义与感情色彩上和原题不符。
16. As a consequence of Women's Liberation Movement, the 1985 local council election saw more women coming forward.
20. If men are to be precluded from offering their ______ on a matter that may involve the most serious and Manning consequences, reason is of no use to us.
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT A The evolution of sex ratio has produced, in most plants and animals with separate sexes, approximately equal numbers of males and females. Why should this be so? Two main kinds of answers have been offered. One is couched in terms of advantage to population. It is argued that the sex ratio will evolve so as to maximize the number of meetings between individuals of the opposite sex. This is essentially a "group selection" argument. The other, and in my view correct, type of answer was first put forward by Fisher in 1930. This "genetic" argument starts from the assumption that genes can influence the relative numbers of male and female offspring produced by an individual carrying the genes. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. Suppose that the population consisted mostly of females, and then an individual who produced sons only would have more grandchildren. In contrast, if the population consisted mostly of males, it would pay to have daughters. If, however, the population consisted of equal numbers of males and females, sons and daughters would be equally valuable. Thus a one-to-one sex ratio is the only stable ratio; it is an "evolutionarily stable strategy". Although Fisher wrote before the mathematical theory of games had been developed, his theory incorporated the essential feature of a game that the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing. Since Fisher's time, it has been realized that genes can sometimes influence the chromosome or gamete in which they find themselves so that the gamete will be more likely to participate in fertilization. If such a gene occurs on a sex-determining (X or Y) chromosome, then highly aberrant sex ratios can occur. But more immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females. In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fisher's argument, it should still pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host--the larva of another insect--and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female usually eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking strategy.
1. What can we know about the scientists Fisher and Hamilton from the passage?
A.They both made contribution to the mathematical theory of games.
B.They both sought an explanation of why certain sex ratios exist and remain stable
C.The former stressed the maximization and the latter emphasized the optimization.
D.They both inherited the insight of the "group, selection" argument.
TEXT B Marianne Hardwick was timid and unadventurous, her vitality consumed by physical activity and longing, her intelligence by indecisiveness, but this had less to do with the innate characteristics of the weaker sex (as her father, Creighton Montgomery, called it) than with the enfeebling circumstances of here upbringing. Creighton Montgomery had enough money to mould his daughters according to his misconceptions: girls were not meant to fend for themselves so he protected them from life. That means that Marianne Montgomery grew up without making any vital choices for herself. Prevented from acquiring the habits of freedom and strength of character that grow from decision-making, very rich girls, whose parents have the means to protect them in such a crippling fashion, are the last representatives of Victorian womanhood. Though they may have the boldest manners and most up-to-date ideas, they share their great grandmothers' humble dependence. Most parents these days have to rely on their force of personality and whatever love and respect they can inspire to exert any influence over their children at all, but there is still an awful lot of parental authority that big money can buy. Multi-millionaires have more of everything than ordinary mortals, including more parent power, and their sons and daughters have as much opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations as they could have had in the age of absolute monarchy. The rich still have families. The great division between the generations, which is so much taken for granted that no one remarks on it any longer, is the plight of the lower and middle classes, whose children begin to drift away as soon as they are old enough to go to school. The parents cannot control the school, and have even less say to what company and ideas the child will be exposed to; nor can they isolate him from the public mood, the spirit of the age. It is an often-heard complaint of the middle-class mother, for instance, that she must let her children watch television for hours on end everyday if she is to steal any time for herself. The rich have no such problems; they can keep their offspring busy from morning to night without being near them for a minute more than they choose to be, and can exercise almost total control over their environment. As for schooling, they can hand-pick tutors with sound views to come to the children, who may never leave the grounds their parents own, in town, in the country, by the sea, unless for an exceptionally secure boarding school or a well-chaperoned trip abroad. It would have been easier for little Marianne Montgomery to go to Cairo than to the nearest newsstand.
1. What is the main idea of the selection?
A.The rich control their children's lives without being near them.
B.The generation gap only occurs in the lower and middle classes.
C.Rich parents have more authority over their children than poor parents.
D.Very rich girls are father dependent as a result of being overprotected by their parents.
TEXT C The making of classifications by literary historians can be a somewhat risky enterprise. When Black poets are discussed separately as a group, for instance, the extent to which their work reflects the development of poetry in general should not be forgotten, or a distortion of literary history may result. This reminder is particularly relevant in an assessment of the differences between Black poets at the turn of last century (1900--1909) and those of the generation of the 1920s. These differences include the bolder and more forthright speech of the later generation and its technical inventiveness. It should be remembered, though, that comparable differences also existed for similar generations of White poets. When poets of the 1910s and 1920s are considered together, however, the distinctions that literary historians might make between "conservative" and "experimental" would be of little significance in a discussion of Black poets, although these remain helpful classification for White poets of these decades. Certainly differences can be noted between "conservative" Black poets such as Countee Cullen, and Cluade McKay and "experimental" ones such as Jean Toomer and Langston Hughes. But Black poets were not battling over old or new styles; rather, one accomplished Black poet was ready to welcome another, whatever his or her style, for what mattered was racial pride. However, in the 1920s Black poets did debate with specifically racial subjects. They asked whether they should only write about Black experience for a Black audience or whether such demands were restrictive. It may be said, though, that virtually all those poets wrote their best poems when they spoke out of racial feeling, race being, as James Johnson rightly put it "inevitably the thing the Negro poet knows best" . At the turn of the 20th century, by contrast, most Black poets generally wrote in the conventional manner of the age and expressed noble, if vague, emotions in their poetry. These poets were not unusually gifted, though Roscoe Jamision and G.M. McClellen may be mentioned as exceptions. They chose not to write in dialect, which, as Sterling Brown has suggested, "meant a rejection of stereotypes of Nero life," and they refused to write only about racial subjects. This refusal had both a positive and a negative consequence. As Brown observes, Valuably insisting that Negro poets should not be confined to issues of race, these poets committed (an) error.., they refused to look into their hearts and write. "'These are important insights, but one must stress that this refusal to look within was also typical of most White poets of the United States at the time. They, too, often turned from their own experience and consequently produced not very memorable poems about vague topics, such as the peace of nature.
1. What is the author's attitude toward the classification as a technique in literary history?
TEXT D This is the life of someone who wrote little, spoke little, and about whom there are few memories. Yet if anyone's life is worthy of a biography it is surely Abram Petrovich Gannibal, an African slave adopted by Peter the Great, who studied mathematics and cryptography before training as a military engineer, spied for the tsar in Paris, became an expert in fortification, was sent to Siberia, became governor-general of Tallinn, and finally retired to an estate 'in northern Russia as the owner of slaves himself. These days he is best known as the great grandfather of Alexander Pushkin, whose family liked to think their illustrious forebear was an Abyssinian prince, and a direct descendant of the legendary Carthaginian general whose name he boldly adopted ( spelling it in the Russian way with a "g" ). It was not until the 1990s that an enterprising scholar from Benin was able to challenge centuries of Russian racism and suggest that Gannibal in fact came from black Africa. Having traveled to Cameroon and paddled up-river in a 30-foot wooden boot to interview the Sultan of Logone, the intrepid Hugh Barnes lends credence to this theory with a tantalizingly plausible interpretation for the mysterious word "Fummo" ( Kotoko for "homeland" ) to be found underneath the elephant portrayed on the family crest. Mr. Barnes does far more than just "join up the dots" between Pushkin's unfinished novel about his ancestor and its subject. The result is not merely the first detailed account in English of this remarkable life, but the fullest in any language. It is a fascinating read. With this book, the fruit of research in an impressive list of obscure archives, Mr. Barnes not .only joins the ranks of those journalists able to give academics a good run for their money, but also shows himself to be a travel writer of distinction. The story of his quest to discover Gannibal's identity in places as farflung as Novoselengisk on the Chinese border, and Pskov at the other end of the Russian empire, is engagingly told. With so little biographical material to go on ( even the fabled portrait of Gannibal turns out to be that of a white man when it is restored), the dots have inevitably to be joined up with a degree of speculation. Just occasionally it leads the author astray--the Winter Palace, for example, was painted first yellow and then crimson before finally acquiring the "icy turquoise facade", which Mr. Barnes claims greeted Gannibal when he received his dismissal from Catherine the Great in 1762. While plenty of evidence is marshaled to show that Gannibal was the first black intellectual in Europe, his personality remains frustratingly elusive. Nevertheless, this biography of the Russian Othello does much to recast our understanding of 18th century Russian life.
1. What is the purpose of the text?
A.To give us a portrait of a legendary person--Abram Petrovich Gannibal.
B.To reveal the origin of Gannibal.
C.To indicate the connection of Pushkin and Gannibal.
D.To introduce Hugh Barnes's research work and his book on Gannibal.
3. What does the phrase "the dots" (Line 5, Para. 3; Line 7, Para. 4) possibly refer to?
A.The materials and documents collected by Hugh Barnes about Gannibal.
B.The speculations of the writer and researcher Hugh Barnes.
C.The spotted places where Hugh Barnes had traveled.
D.The coined files by Pushkin and the real ones got by Hugh Barnes.
A B C D
A
语义理解题。根据三段的第二句话可知the dots不仅仅包括普希金未完成的小说中的资料,第四段中第二句提到Hugh Barnes跋山涉水收集资料,第三句提到由于传记性的资料不多,所以在编纂过程中也用了设想“the dots have inevitably to be joined up with a degree of speculation”,这里可以看出the dots指的是Hush Barnes手头上所有有关Gannibal的资料,并非他本人的推测,也不仅仅是普希金的杜撰,选项[D]不全面。
4. Which one is NOT the objective description of Hugh Barnes?
A.He was very brave, persistent and ambitious.
B.He did not blindly worship the authorities.
C.He was down to earth and tried to be objective.
D.He devoted himself to his work, but was liable to fishing for fame and money.
SECTION A COMPOSITION Job-hunting is a tough challenge in face of the graduates. Someone says graduation means the coming of unemployment. Provide your opinion on such a phenomenon and give some advices for such a dilemma. Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:
1. Graduation, Synonym of Unemployment? You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your idea is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea OR describe your idea. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
范文 Graduation, Synonym of Unemployment? Nowadays it's often heard that' graduation is the synonym of unemployment. The hope of obtaining a decent job becomes slimmer and slimmer. A deep anxiety thus arises and casts the graduates into a sea of melancholy. Quite a lot of students worry about their future, which has caught the society's great attention. No doubt today's labor market is not what it was years ago. We must have a clear understanding of the changes in the situation and make a corresponding shift of our psychology and expectation. There's no job that is valueless and neither rhyme nor reason. With a sober mind we start our career and a great pickup is waiting for us. God helps those who help themselves. There're plenty of opportunities in our society, but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly can make use of them to achieve their purpose. Chance favors the minds that are prepared. Somewhere under the stars God has a job for us to do, and nobody else can do it and it's really worthwhile and it pays off. Some of us must find our place by trial and error. It can take time, with dead ends along the way. But we should not get discouragedjuse because others seem more skilled. Usually it's not raw talent but drive that makes the difference. We must be the master of our fate and captain of our career ship.
1. Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You have got in trouble in your computer installment. Write a note to your friend, Roger, describe briefly what it is and ask him to give you a hand. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
范文 April, 2 Dear Roger, It is really a pity that I didn't meet you when I called on you. I wonder could you be kind enough to give me a hand in my computer installment. You know it is all a Greek to me and your aid is in great need. I will appreciate if you can give me a call. tomorrow. Yours sincerely, Kevin