PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
SECTION A Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes Writing Experimental Reports I. Content of an experimental report, e. g. — study subject/area — study purpose — 1 1 ______ II. Presentation of an experimental report — providing details — regarding readers as 2 2 ______ III. Structure of an experimental report — feature:highly structured and 3 3 ______ — sections and their content: INTRODUCTION 4 ; why you did it 4 ______ METHOD how you did it RESULTS what you found out 5 what you think it shows 5 ______ IV. Sense of readership — 6 ; reader is the marker 6 ______ — 7 ; reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent 7 ______ person with little knowledge of your study — tasks to fulfill in an experimental report: — introduction to relevant area — necessary background information — development of clear arguments — definition of technical terms — precise description of data 8 8 ______ V. Demands and expectations in report writing — early stage: — understanding of study subject/area and its implications — basic grasp of the report's format — later stage: — 9 on research significance 9 ______ — things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION: — inadequate material — 10 of research justification for the study 10 ______
[解析] 1-10 Writing experimental reports Good morning, everyone. Today we'll discuss some preliminaries concerning how to write experimental reports. When you first signed up for a course in university like a psychology course,chances are that you didn't really expect what was coming in your study, particularly the course emphasis on methodology and statistics. For a few of you, this may have come as a pleasant surprise, provided that you've already known something about the course. For most, however, I dare say it will undoubtedly have been a shock to the system. No doubt in other parts of your course study,you will read books and journals examining critically models in theories,assumptions and hypothesis put forward by scholars and specialists. My task today is to help you understand some of the important features of the experimental reports,because you will have to write up some kind of report of this nature if your course gives prominence to practical work,especially experimenting. (1) Then what is an experimental report? All report is, really,is the place in which you tell the story of your study,like what you did,why you did it,what you found out in the process and so on. In doing this, you are more like an ancient story teller, whose stories were structured in accordance with widely recognized and long established conventions than the modern novelist who is free to dictate form as well as content. Moreover, like the story teller of old,although you will inevitably be telling your story to someone who knows quite a bit about it already,you are expected to present it as if it had never been heard before. (2)This means that you'll need to spell out the details and assume little knowledge of the area on the part of your audience. Then perhaps you may ask what is the nature of the conventions governing the report. A clue I think can be found in its basic structure. (3)A highly structured and disciplined report is written in sections,and the sections by and large follow an established sequence. What it means is that,in the telling your story is to be cut up into chunks. Different parts of the story are to appear in different places in the report. (4)What you did and why you did it appear in the section called introduction. How you did it is in the method section,and what you found out is in the result section. And finally,(5)what you think it shows appears in the discussion part. As you can say, the report therefore is a formal document composed of series of sections in which specific information is expected to appear. We will discuss the precise conventions governing each section as we go along,for example, what are the subsections in the method. But today,I will introduce to you certain general rules straight away. The first of this concerns: the person to whom you should address your report,whom I should call your reader. (6)A very common mistake,especially early on,is to assume that your reader is the person who will be marking the report. (7) In reality,however, the marker will be assessing your report on behalf of someone else, an idealized,hypothetical person who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your study and the area in which you took place. Your marker will, therefore, be checking to see that you have written your report with this sort of reader in mind, (8)so you need to make sure that you have, 1) introduced the reader to the area relevant to your study; 2) provided the reader with the background necessary to understand what you did and why you did it; 3) spelt out and developed your arguments clearly; 4) defined technical terms,and 5) provided precise details of the way which you went about collecting and analyzing the data that you obtained. In short, you should write for someone who knows little about your area of study,taking little for granted about your reader's knowledge of your area of study. So when in doubt,spell it out. This is my advice to you, If you find this difficult to do,then the useful approach is to write the report as if it will be read by someone you know, who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your subject,a friend of yours say. Write it as if this person were going to have to read and understand it. Indeed,it is a good idea, if you can,to give just such a person to read your report before hand it in. The demands and expectations placed upon you,will of course,vary with your experience of report writing. Early on in your study,as the author of the experimental reports,less will be expected of you than latter. At this early stage, you will be expected mainly to show that you understand what you did in your report and its implications,together with evidence that you have,at least a basic grasp of the demands of the report's format. (9)Later on,however,you will be expected to pay more attention to this research significance of what you did. The "why you did it" part will become more important because in being responsible for the choice of the topic and design,you will be expected to be able to justify this choice. So you must be able to tell us why it is that gave the options available to you,you decided to conduct your particular study. You will need, therefore, to develop the habit of thinking about how the ideas that you are entertaining for your experiment or study will look in the report,pay particular attention to how they will fit into the part of introduction. Specific dangers that you must watch out for here are, (10)first,a lack of adequate material to put in the section,and second,the undertaking of a project that lacks any research justification because it is based on the assumptions that are contradicted by existing findings in the area. Thinking clearly in advance will help you to avoid making these mistakes. Ok,today, we've had a brief look at the format of an experimental report, what each section is about and some of the basic issues like reader awareness,so on and so forth. Next time,we will discuss how to write up the introduction section.
2.
unknowledgeable audiences
3.
disciplined
4.
what you did
5.
DISCUSSION
6.
a common mistake
7.
in reality
8.
collecting and analyzing
9.
focus/emphasis
10.
lack
SECTION B In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.
A.Toastmasters was originally set up to train speaking skills.
B.Toastmasters only accepts prospective professional speakers.
C.Toastmasters accepts members from the general public.
D.Toastmasters is an exclusive dub for professional speakers.
A B C D
C
[解析] 1-5 M: Good morning,Mrs. Collins, welcome to our studio. As a distinguished member of Toastmasters International,(5) could you tell us a bit about the background of the organization? W: I'm delighted to have that opportunity. (1) Toastmasters is an international organization designed to develop effective speaking and listening skills. It was founded in 1924 by Rolfs Medley and is headquartered in California. M: What is the purpose of Toastmasters? W: Toastmasters has a two-fold purpose,the personal growth of the individual and strong effective communication skills. M: Then,who is Toastmasters open to and what kind of members do you have now? W: Well,many people think (1)Toastmasters is open only to those individuals who wish to be professional speakers. The fact is definitely not true. Toastmasters is open to the public at large. Any individual who wishes to improve his public speaking is welcome, and also, those who just want to increase their overall self confidence are encouraged to attend. M: Another question is how can Toastmasters help you in job situations? W: By becoming involved in Toastmasters, (2)you'll learn different methods of communicating what you really want to say,and equally important, you'll learn what your audience expects from you, so you can deliver that massage to them in a logical fashion. Some people are comfortable around friends,but when they appear before a group they don't know,they get tense. Our organization helps our members to get calm and organize thoughts and deliver them in an effective way. M: Is Toastmasters concerned with total communication,not just for speaking but other communication skills? W: Most often,people assume that when you are listening,you are also paying attention. This is not always true. Many times,people are waiting for their turn to speak and are not really listening at all. Toastmasters can develop a person overall in terms of organizing their thoughts,getting input from others,and then receiving effective feedback. M: Then how does Toastmasters train people? W: (3) Toastmasters has an approach of learning by doing. The Toastmasters International Organization provides a menu we refer to as the basic menu,because it gives a guideline for the development of speeches. These speeches cater to different purposes. For example,one objective might be to develop vocal variety, another might be to organize your thoughts or develop your use of humor in speeches. M: Can you also learn other skills such as parliamentary procedures or being master of ceremonies? W: Yes. Different assignments within Toastmasters involve not only preparation of speeches and then presenting these before an audience,but also the opportunity of serving as toastmaster of the meeting. (4)This assignment helps members practice being an MC for a meeting,that is a master of ceremonies. Other assignments include serving as an evaluator for another speaker,or serving as grammarian who are monitor user of filler words or phrases such as and,ah,or,or you know..., both of these assignments will allow the member to increase or enhance their listening skills. M: I know that there is an eight-week program for young people and also eight week speech craft course offered for adults. What do these involve? W: They are basically introduction to Toastmasters in general. A sample,providing the opportunity for an individual to determine whether or not they wish to get involved in Toastmasters by joining a club. M: What kind of individual gain from being in Toastmasters? W: I would say self-confidence and some tricks of the trade in the development of speeches. But that is only the beginning. As an individual continues to give speeches and improve, he progresses from the point of being fearful to stand before a group of peers to the point where he can address any group of people with the degree of self-confidence. Leadership skills are also developed by learning to organize and conduct meetings. M: Ok,thank you very much 'Mrs. Collins' for talking to us in the studio. W: You are most welcome.
2. The following are job benefits by joining Toastmasters EXCEPT
A.becoming familiar with various means of communication.
B.learning how to deliver messages in an organized way.
C.becoming aware of audience expectations.
D.learning bow to get along with friends.
A B C D
D
3. Toastmasters' general approach to training can be summarized as
A.practice plus overall training.
B.practice plus lectures.
C.practice plus voice training.
D.practice plus speech writing.
A B C D
A
4. Toastmasters aims to train people to be all the following EXCEPT
A.public speakers.
B.grammar teachers.
C.masters of ceremonies.
D.evaluators.
A B C D
B
5. The interview mainly focuses on
A.the background information.
B.the description of training courses.
C.the requirements of public speaking.
D.the overall personal growth.
A B C D
A
SECTION C In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet. Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.
1. Which of the following is the main cause of global warming?
A.Fossil fuel.
B.Greenhouse gases.
C.Increased dryness.
D.Violent storm patterns.
A B C D
B
[解析] 6-7 Last week,a United Nations' report said humans are very likely the cause of most of the temperature in-creases in the last fifty years. It said global warming is undeniable, and that the world can expect to feel the effects for centuries to come. The rater-governmental panel on climate change released the report in Paris at a conference of climate experts. Representatives of more than one hundred governments agreed on the findings. This is the most detailed scientific report to date on global warming,and the influence of fossil fuel burning and other human activities. (6) The scientists say there is a greater than a 90% chance that green-house gases are the main cause of rising temperatures and sea levels. The report also links global warming to other changes including increased dryness in some areas and violent storm patterns. The UN panel released its last climate change report 6 years ago. (7) The scientists say the new report is based on studies done since then,and stronger agreement on global warming. The new report makes no policy proposals,but the aim is to press governments and industries to cut the release of carbon dioxide and other gases blamed for trapping heat.
2. The news item implies that ______ in the last report.
A.there were fewer studies done
B.there were fewer policy proposals
C.there was less agreement
D.there were fewer objectives
A B C D
C
Questions 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions, Now listen to the news.
[解析] 8-9 (8)At least 80 people have died in a derailment of a luxurious train in eastern Indian which some government official say could have been caused by terrorist sabotage. An investigation has been ordered to identify the cause of the accident. There were nearly 6 hundred passengers and stuff onboard the train. It was going from the eastern city Calcutta to New Delhi,when it was wracked late Monday night. (9) The train derailed as it was crossing a bridge over the Davie River near Rafen Garnge in the eastern Behar state. One of the coaches sank in tile river,at least two others hung precariously from the bridge,several others left the tracks. The accident occurred in a remote area with poor tele-communication links. Many victims remained tracked in the wreckage through the night before they were rescued. A spokesman for eastern railway says rescue operations were slowed down by bad weather,but are now fully on the way.
4. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A.The accident occurred on a bridge.
B.The accident occurred in New Delhi.
C.There were about 600 casualties.
D.Victims were rescued immediately.
A B C D
A
5. Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. What is the main message of the news item?
[解析] “One in ten young people claim to have had no career advice during their education. Around two-thirds have not decided on the career by the time they leave school.”says the You Gov Poll for recruitment consultancy Harvin Nash. (10)“ Most rely on friends, but many are turning to the Internet for advice instead,and a career service needs to embrace this ,”say experts. The knock-on effect of confusing and unhelpful career advice is that young people are not making the best use of their skills,and industry is losing out on the most talented candidates. Harvin Nash's chief Albert Alley said,"Without direction and advice,not only are young people out on potential career opportunities themselves,but businesses,too, could be missing out on the next generation of skills they need to compete.
PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.
TEXT A
We had been wanting to expand our children's horizons by taking them to a place that was unlike any-thing we'd been exposed to during our travels in Europe and the United States. In thinking about what was possible from Geneva,where we are based, we decided on a trip to Istanbul,a two-hour plane ride from Zurich. We envisioned the trip as a prelude to more exotic ones,perhaps to New Delhi or Bangkok later this year,but thought our 11 and 13-year-olds needed a first step away from manicured boulevards and pristine monuments. What we didn't foresee was the reaction of friends,who warned that we were putting our children“in danger,”referring vaguely,and most incorrectly,to disease,terrorism or just the unknown. To help us get acquainted with the peculiarities of Istanbul and to give our children a chance to choose what they were particularly interested in seeing, we bought an excellent guidebook and read it thoroughly before leaving. Friendly warnings didn't change our planning, although we might have more prudently checked with the U. S. State Department's list of troublespots. We didn't see a lot of children among the foreign visitors during our six-day stay in Istanbul, but we found the tourist areas quite safe, very interesting and varied enough even to suit our son, whose oft-repeated request is that we not see“every single”church and museum in a given city. Vaccinations weren't needed for the city, but we were concerned about adapting to the water for a short stay. So we used bottled water for drinking and brushing our teeth,a precaution that may seem excessive,but we all stayed healthy. Taking the advice of a friend,we booked a hotel a 20-minute walk from most of Istanbul's major tourist sites. This not only got us some morning exercise,strolling over the Karakoy Bridge,but took us past a colorful assortment of fishermen,vendors and shoe shiners. From a teenager and pre-teen's view,Istanbul street life is fascinating since almost everything can be bought outdoors. They were at a good age to spend time wandering the labyrinth of the Spice Bazaar,where shops display mounds of pungent herbs in sacks. Doing this with younger children would be harder simply because the streets are so packed with people; it would be easy to get lost. For our two,whose buying experience consisted of department stores and shopping mall boutiques,it was amazing to discover that you could bargain over price amt perhaps end up with two of something for the price of one. They also learned to figure out the relative value of the Turkish lira,not a small matter with its many zeros. Being exposed to Islam was an important part of our trip. Visiting the mosques, especially the enormous Blue Mosque,was our first glimpse into how this major religion is practiced. Our children's curiosity already had been piqued by the five daily calls to prayer over loudspeakers in every corner of the city,and the scarves covering the heads of many women. Navigating meals can be troublesome with children,but a kebab,bought on the street or in restaurants, was unfailingly popular. Since we had decided this trip was not for gourmets, kebabs spared us the agony of trying to find a restaurant each day that would suit the adults' desire to try something new amid children's insistence that the food be served immediately. Gradually, we branched out to try some other Turkish specialties. Although our son had studied Islam briefly, it is impossible to be prepared for every awkward question that might come up,such as during our visits to the Topkapi Sarayi,the Ottoman Sultans' palace. No guides were available so it was do-it-yourself, using our guidebook, which cheated us of a lot of interesting history and anecdotes that a professional guide could provide. Next time, we resolved to make such arrangements in advance. On this trip, we wandered through the magnificent complex, with its imperial treasures, its courtyards and its harem. The last required a bit of explanation that we would have happily left to a learned third party.
1. The couple chose Istanbul as their holiday destination mainly because
A.the city is not too far away from where they lived.
B.the city is not on the list of the U. S. State Department.
C.the city is between the familiar and the exotic.
D.the city is more familiar than exotic.
A B C D
C
事实细节题。关于这对夫妇选择伊斯坦布尔作为旅游目的地的原因主要在第一、二段。通过第二段首句“We envisioned the trip as a prelude to more exotic ones...”,可知他们把去伊斯坦布尔作为去更多有异国情调的地方的一个序曲;A项可通过“...a two-hour plane ride from Zurich.”得出,但只是符合文章事实,并不是做出选择的主要原因,故答案为C。
2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A.The family found the city was exactly what they had expected.
B.Their friends were opposed to their holiday plan.
C.They could have been more cautious about bringing kids along.
D.They were a bit cautious about the quality of water in the city.
A B C D
A
事实细节题。通过第三段首句"What we didn't foresee was the reaction of friends,who warned that we were putting our children‘in danger’...”可看出朋友的警告,即反对我们的计划,故B项正确; C项可由第四段中“...although we might have more prudently checked with...”得出;D项可以从第五段的内容“...we were concerned about adapting to the water for a short stay”得出;从第四段中“...but we found the tourist areas quite safe,very interesting and varied enough even to suit our son”,由话语转折可知这个城市与他们所预料的并不完全相同,故A为答案。
3. We learn from the couple's shopping experience back home that
A.they were used to bargaining over price.
B.they preferred to buy things outdoors.
C.street markets were their favourite.
D.they preferred fashion and brand names.
A B C D
D
推理判断题。第八段提到“For our two,whose buying experience consisted of department stores and shopping mall boutiques...”可见,他们都去时尚的大商场和购物中心买东西,由此可以推断出D项“他们更喜欢时尚的名牌”,故答案为D。
4. The last two paragraphs suggest that to visit places of interest in Istanbul
A.guidebooks are very useful.
B.a professional guide is a must.
C.one has to be prepared for questions.
D.one has to make arrangements in advance.
A B C D
B
推埋判断题。通过倒数第二段中的“... which cheated us of a lot of interesting history and anecdotes that a professional guide could provide.Next time,we resolved to make such arrangements in advance”可推断出 guidebook并没有多大帮助,专业导游是必须的,故答案为[H]。
5. The family have seen or visited all the following in Istanbul EXCEPT
A.religious prayers,
B.historical buildings.
C.local-style markets.
D.shopping mall boutiques.
A B C D
D
事实细节题。从第九段中“... the five daily calls to prayer...”可得出A项;从倒数第二段的“... our visits to the Topkapi Sarayi...”可得出B项;从第七段的“... Istanbul street life is fascinating since almost everything can be bought outdoors.”可得出C项;从第八段“... whose buying experience consisted of department stores and shopping mall boutiques...”可知去时尚购物中心是他们以往生活的轨迹,并非发生在伊斯坦布尔的事情,故答案为D
TEXT B
Last month the first baby-boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between 1946 and 1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming“demographic cliff”will see vast numbers of skilled workers dispatched from the labour force. The workforce is ageing across the rich world. Within the EU the number of workers aged between 50 and 64 will increase by 25% over the next two decades,while those aged 20-29 will decrease by 20%. In Japan almost 20% of the population is already over 65,the highest share in the world. And in the United States the number of workers aged 55 64 will have increased by more than half in this decade, at the same time as the 35-to 44-year-olds decline by 10%. Given that most societies are geared to retirement at around 65,companies have a looming problem of knowledge management,of making sure that the boomers do not leave before they have handed over their expertise along with the office keys and their e-mail address. A survey of human-resources directors by IBM last year concluded:“When the baby-boomer generation retires,many companies will find out too late that a career's worth of experience has walked out the door,leaving insufficient talent to fill in the void.” Some also face a shortage of expertise. In aerospace and defence,for example,as much as 40% of the workforce in some companies will be eligible to retire within the next five years. At the same time, the number of engineering graduates in developed countries is in steep decline. A few companies are so squeezed that they are already taking exceptional measures. Earlier this year the Los Angeles Times interviewed an enterprising Australian who was staying in Beverly Hills while he tried to persuade locals to emigrate to Toowoomba,Queensland, to work for his engineering company there, Toowoomba today; the rest of the developed world tomorrow? If you look hard enough, you can find companies that have begun to adapt the workplace to older workers. The AARP,an American association for the over-50s,produces an annual list of the best employers of its members. Health-care firms invariably come near the top because they are one of the industries most in need of skilled labour. Other sectors similarly affected,says the Conference Board,include oil,gas, energy and government. Near the top of the AARP's latest list comes Deere &. Company,a no-nonsense industrial-equipment manufacturer based in Illinois; about 35% of Deere's 46,000 employees are over 50 and a number of them are in their 70s. The tools it uses to achieve that — flexible working,telecommuting,and so forth—also coincidentally help older workers to extend their working lives. The company spends“a lot of time”on the ergonomics of its factories, making jobs there less tiring, which enables older workers to stay at them for longer. Likewise, for more than a decade, Toyota, arguably the world's most advanced manufacturer, has adapted its workstations to older workers. The shortage of skilled labour available to the automotive industry has made it unusually keen to recruit older workers. BMW recently set up a factory in Leipzig that expressly set out to employ people over the age of 45.Needs must when the devil drives. Other firms are polishing their alumni networks. IBM uses its network to recruit retired people for particular projects. Ernst & Young, a professional-services firm, has about 30,000 registered alumni, and about 25% of its“experienced”new recruits are former employees who return after an absence. But such examples are unusual. A survey in America last month by Ernst &. Young found that“although corporate America foresees a significant workforce shortage as boomers retire,it is not dealing with the issue. ”Almost three-quarters of the 1,400 global companies questioned by Deloitte last year said they expected a shortage of salaried staff over the next three to five years. Yet few of them are looking to older workers to fill that shortage; and even fewer are looking to them to fill another gap that has already appeared. Many firms in Europe and America complain that they struggle to find qualified directors for their boards—this when the pool of retired talent from those very same firms is growing by leaps and bounds. Why are firms not working harder to keep old employees? Part of the reason is that the crunch has been beyond the horizon of most managers. Nor is hanging on to older workers the only way to cope with a falling supply of labour. The participation of developing countries in the world economy has increased the overall supply — whatever the local effect of demographics in the rich countries. A vast amount of work is being sent offshore to such places as China and India and more will go in future. Some countries,such as Australia,are relaxing their immigration policies to allow much needed skills to come in from abroad. Others will avoid the need for workers by spending money on machinery and automation.
1. According to the passage, the most serious consequence of baby-boomers approaching retirement would be
A.a loss of knowledge and experience to many companies.
B.a decrease in the number of 35- to 44-year-olds.
C.a continuous increase in the number of 50- to 64-year-olds.
D.its impact on the developed world whose workforce is ageing.
2. The following are all the measures that companies have adopted to cope with the ageing workforce EXCEPT
A.making places of work accommodate the needs of older workers.
B.using alumni networks to hire retired former employees.
C.encouraging former employees to work overseas.
D.granting more convenience in working hours to older workers.
A B C D
C
事实细节题。通过第六段首句中的“...companies that have begun to adapt the workplace to older workers...”可得出A项;由第九段中的“Other firms are polishing their alumni networks...”可得出B项;由第七段中的“flexible working”可得出D项;第五段中提到一位澳大利亚企业家劝说贝弗利山当地人到澳大利亚昆士兰州他的公司工作,而C中说的是鼓励前雇员到海外工作,C与原文无关。故为答案。
3. “The company spends 'a lot of time' on the ergonomics of its factories”(Paragraph Seven) means that
A.he company attaches great importance to the layout of its factories.
B.he company improves the working conditions in its factories.
C.the company attempts to reduce production costs of its factories.
D.the company intends to renovate its factories and update equipment.
A B C D
B
语义推断题。第七段最后一句中“... making jobs there less tiring,which enables older workers to stay at them for longer”意为使工作不让人厌倦,同时使年老的工人呆的时间更久,由此可推断出花费时间在ergonomics上,是指改善于作条件,故答案为B。
4. In the author's opinion American firms are not doing anything to deal with the issue of the ageing workforce mainly because
A.they have not been aware of the problem.
B.they are reluctant to hire older workers.
C.they are not sure of what they should do.
D.they have other options to consider.
A B C D
D
观点态度题。文章最后一段解释了这一现象的原因,“Nor is hanging on to older workers the only way to cope with a falling supply of labour.”可见抓紧老员工并不是解决问题的唯一方法,接下来文中介绍了解决问题的其他途径,故答案为D。
5. Which of the following best describes the author's development of argument?
A.introducing the issue→citing ways to deal with the issue→describing the actual status→offering reasons.
B.describing the actual status→introducing the issue→citing ways to deal with the issue→offering reasons.
C.citing ways to deal with the issue→introducing the issue→describing the actual status→offering reasons.
D.describing the actual status→offering reasons→introducing the issue→citing ways to deal with the issue.
The other problem that arises from the employment of women is that of the working wife. It has two aspects:that of tile wife who is more of a success than her husband and that of the wife who must rely heavily on her husband for help with domestic tasks. There are various ways in which the impact of the first difficulty can be reduced. Provided that husband and wife are not in the same or directly comparable lines of work,the harsh fact of her greater success can be obscured by a genial conspiracy to reject a purely monetary measure of achievement as intolerably crude. Where there are ranks,it is best if the couple work in different fields so that the husband can find some special reason for the superiority of the lowest figure in his to the most elevated in his wife's. (2) A problem that affects a much larger number of working wives is the need to re-allocate domestic tasks if there are children. In The Road to Wigan pier George Orwell wrote of the unemployed of the Lancashire coalfields:“Practically never… in a working-class home,will you see the man doing a stroke of the housework. Unemployment has not changed this convention,which on the face of it seems a little unfair. The man is idle from morning to night but the woman is as busy as ever-more so,indeed,because she has to manage with less money. Yet so far as my experience goes the women do not protest. They feel that a man would lose his manhood if,merely because he was out of work,he developed in a 'Mary Ann'.” (3) It is over the care of young children that this re-allocation of duties becomes really significant. For this, unlike the cooking of fish fingers or the making of beds,is an inescapably time-consuming occupation,and time is what the fully employed wife has no more to spare of than her husband. (4) The male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within range and, of course, with all degrees of tentativeness. What decides the issue of whether a genuine courtship is going to get under way is the woman's response. If she shows interest the engines of persuasion are set in movement. The truth is that in courtship society gives women the real power while pretending to give it to men. (5) What does seem clear is that the more men and women are together,at work and away from it, the more the comprehensive amorousness of men towards women will have to go,despite all its past evolutionary services. For it is this that makes inferiority al work abrasive and,more indirectly,makes domestic work seem unmanly. If there is to be an equalizing redistribution of economic and domestic tasks between men and women there must be a compensating redistribution of the erotic initiative. If women will no longer let us beat them they must allow us to join them as the blushing recipients of flowers and chocolates.
1. Paragraph One advises the working wife who is more successful than her husband to
A.work in the same sort of job as her husband.
B.play down her success,making it sound unimportant.
C.stress how much the family gains from her high salary.
D.introduce more labour-saving machinery into the home.
A B C D
B
事实细节题。文章第一段中"Provided that husband and wife are not in the same or directly comparable lines of work,the harsh fact of her greater success can be obscured by a genial conspiracy to reject a purely monetary measure of achievement as intolerably crude.”得出夫妇要在不同领域工作,妻子不以金钱来衡量成功,尽量让自己的功劳看上去不那么重要,这样可排除A项和C项,同时确定B项符合,故答案为B;D项文中没有提及,排除。
2. Orwell's picture of relations between man and wife in Wigan Pier (Paragraph Two) describes a relationship which the author of the passage
A.thinks is the natural one.
B.wishes to see preserved.
C.believes is fair.
D.is sure must change.
A B C D
D
观点态度题。从第二段引用的话描述了男性不做家务的惯例,而下文作者都在阐述这种现象的实质及其不合理之处,第三段中“...this re-allocation of duties becomes really significant...”可推断出,作者认为这种现象必须被改善,故D答案。
3. Which of the following words is used literally,NOT metaphorically?
A.Abrasive (Paragraph Five..
B.Engines (Paragraph Four).
C.Convention (Paragraph Two).
D.Heavily (Paragraph One..
A B C D
C
语义理解题。A abrasive字面意思是“摩擦的”,而在文中makes inferiority at work abrasive的意思是“令人讨厌的,厌烦的”;B项engines字面意思是“发动机,引擎”,在文中the engines of persuasion的意思是“手段,方法”;D项heavily字面意思是“沉重地”,而文中rely heavily on her husband的意思是“主要地,严重地”;只有C项的convention在文中用的是字面意思“惯例”.故答案为C。
4. The last paragraph stresses that if women are to hold important jobs,then they must
A.sometimes make the first advances in love.
B.allow men to flirt with many women.
C.stop accepting presents of flowers and chocolates.
D.avoid making their husbands look like“Mary Anns”.
A B C D
A
事实细节题。根据前文所述,我们知道在恋爱阶段多是男性主动,而从文章最后一段中“If there is to be an equalizing redistribution of economic and domestic tasks between men and women there must be a compensating redistribution of the erotic initiative.”看出女性要获得男性从事的重要工作,得先在感情方面变得主动,故答案为A。
5. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the present form of courtship?
A.Men are equally serious about courtship.
B.Each man“makes passes”at many women.
C.The woman's reaction decides the fate of courtship.
D.The man leaves himself the opportunity to give up the chase quickly.
A B C D
A
细节判断题。第四段中“... something that is tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within range and,of course,with all degrees of tentativeness...”表明男性经常主动追求女性,只要是有可能的就尝试着接近,但大都犹豫不决,态度并不是很认真,可排除B项(make passes意为“向女土展开追求”)和D项;,同时得出A项所述不正确,故答案为A;由“What decides the issue of whether a genuine courtship is going to get under way is the woman's response.”可排除C项。
TEXT D
From Namche Bazaar, the Sherpa capital at 12,000 feet,the long line threaded south,dropping 2,000 feet to the valley floor,then trudged down the huge Sola-Khumbu canyon until, it opened out to the lush but still daunting foothills of Central Nepal. It was here at Namche that one man broke rank and leaned north,slowly and arduously climbing the steep walls of the natural amphitheater behind the scatter of stone huts,then past Kunde and Khumjong. Despite wearing a balaclava on his head, he had been frequently recognized by the Tibetans,and treated with the gravest deference and respect. Even among those who knew nothing about him,expressions of surprise lit up their dark,liquid eyes. He was a man not expected to be there. Not only was his stature substantially greater than that of the diminutive Tibetans,but it was also obvious from his bearing—and his new broadcloak,which covered a much-too-tight army uniform—that he came from a markedly loftier station in life than did the average Tibetan. Among a people virtually bereft of possessions,he had fewer still,consisting solely of a rounded bundle about a foot in diameter slung securely by a cord over his shoulder. The material the bundle was wrapped in was of a rough Tibetan weave, which did not augur that the content was of any greater value—except for the importance he seemed to ascribe to it,never for a moment releasing his grip. His objective was a tiny huddle of buildings perched halfway up an enormous valley wall across from him,atop a great wooded spur jutting out from the lower lap of the 22 493-foot Ama Dablum,one of the most majestic mountains on earth. There was situated Tengboche,the most famous Buddhist monastery in the Himalayas,its setting unsurpassed for magnificence anywhere on the planet. From the top of the spur,one's eyes sweep 12 miles up the stupendous Dudh Kosi canyon to the six tulle-long granite wall of cliff of Nuptse at its head. If Ama Dablum is the Gatekeeper,then the sheer cliff of Nuptse,never less than four miles high,is the Final Protector of the highest and mightiest of them all: Chomolongma,the Mother Goddess of the World, to the Tibetans; Sagarmatha, the Head of the Seas, to the Nepalese; and Everest to the rest of us. And over the great barrier of Nuptse She demurely peaks. It was late in the afternoon—when the great shadows cast by the colossal mountains were descending into the deep valley floors—before he reached the crest of the spur and shuffled to a stop just past Tengboche's entrance gompa. His chest heaving in the rarefied air,he removed his hand from the bundle — the first time he had done so—and wiped grimy rivulets of sweat from around his eyes with the fingers of his mitted hand. His narrowed eyes took in the open sweep of the quiet grounds,the pagoda-like monastery itself,and the stone buildings that tumbled down around it like a protective skirt. In the distance the magic light of the magic hour lit up the plume flying off Chomolongma's 29 029-foot-high crest like a bright,welcoming banner. His breathing calmed, he slowly, stiffly struggled forward and up the rough stone steps to the monastery entrance. There he was greeted with a respectful nameste—"I recognize the divine in you" — from a tall, slim monk of about 35 years,who hastily set aside a twig broom he had been using to sweep the flagstones of the inner courtyard. While he did so, the visitor noticed that the monk was missing the small finger on his left hand. The stranger spoke a few formal words in Tibetan,and then the two disappeared inside. Early the next morning the emissary—lightened of his load—appeared at the monastery entrance, accompanied by the same monk and the elderly abbot. After a bow of his head,which was returned much more deeply by the two ocher-robed residents, he took his leave. The two solemn monks watched,motionless, until he dipped over the ridge on which the monastery sat,and out of sight. Then, without a word, they turned and went back inside the monastery.
1. Which of the following words in Paragraph One implies difficulty in walking?
2. In the passage the contrast between the Tibetans and the man is indicated in all the following aspects EXCEPT
A.clothing.
B.height.
C.social status.
D.personal belongings.
A B C D
D
事实细节题。文中第三段提到“Not only was his stature substantially greater than that of the diminutive Tibetans,but it was also obvious from his bearing — and his new broadcloak,which covered a much-too-tight army uniform — that he came from a markedly loftier station in life than did the average Tibetan.”可见此人与当地西藏人相比,身材要高得多,穿着和社会地位都有着明显差别,并没有对私人物品进行比较,故D为答案。
3. It can be inferred from the passage that one can get ______ of the region from the monastery.
A.a narrow view
B.a hazy view
C.a distant view
D.a panoramic view
A B C D
D
理解推断题。第五段中提到“...atop a great wooded spur... There was situated Tengboche,the most famous Buddhist monastery...”,可见寺院位于高耸的山峦上;第六段中提到“From the top of the spur, one's eyes sweep 12 miles up the stupendous Dudh Kosi canyon to the six-mile-long granite wall of cliff of Nuptse at its head”可见山峦上视野开阔,由此可推断从寺院能看到该地区的全貌,故答案为D。
4. Which of the following details shows that the man became relaxed after he reached the monastery?
A."... he reached the crest of the spur and shuffled to a stop..."
B."... he removed his hand from the bundle..."
C."His narrowed eyes took in the open sweep of the quiet grounds…"
D."... he slowly,stiffly struggled forward and up the rough stone steps..."
A B C D
B
事实细节题。第九段提到“...he removed his hand from the bundle—the first time he had done so — and wiped grimy rivulets of sweat from around his eyes with the finger of his mitted hand.”他第一次把手从包裹上放开,用摘掉手套的手擦拭眼睛周围脏兮兮的汗水,可见他此时很放松,故答案为B。
5. From how it is described in the passage the monastery seems to evoke
PART Ⅲ GENERAL KNOWLEDGE There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.
3. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U. S. President?
A.Thomas Jefferson.
B.George Washington.
C.Thomas Paine.
D.John Adams.
A B C D
A
本题考查美国历史知识。写过独立宣言且后来成为美国总统的是Thomas Jefferson(托马斯·杰斐逊),是美国第三任总统(1801-1809);B George Washington(乔治·华盛顿),是美国第—任总统 (1789-1797);C Thomas Paine(托马斯·潘恩)是英裔美国思想家、作家、政治活动家等;D John Adams(约翰·亚当斯),是美国第二任总统(1797-1801).答案为A。
4. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?
本题考查的是英国文学知识。Ode to the West Wind (《西风颂》)是英国著名浪漫主义诗人Percy B. Shelley(珀西·雪莱,1792—1822)的代表作;A William Blake(威廉·布莱克)是十九世纪英国浪漫派诗人,主要诗作有诗集Songs of Innocence(《大真之歌》)、Songs of Exaperience(《经验之歌》)等。B William Wordsworth(威廉姆·华兹华斯)和C Samuel Taylor Coleridge(塞谬尔·柯勒律治)在1798年出版了他们合著的Lyrical Ballads(《抒情歌谣》),创立了英国浪漫主义,答案为D。
6. Who among the following is a poet of free verse?
A.Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B.Walt Whitman.
C.Herman Melville.
D.Theodore Dreiser.
A B C D
B
本题考查的是美国文学知识。A Ralph Waldo Emerson(拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生,1803-1882)是美国作家和诗人,他是美国十九世纪中叶浪漫主义的代表人物,是位具有深远影响的美国超验主义文学运动的代表人物;B Walt Whitman(沃尔特·惠特曼,1819-1892)是美国著名诗人,创造了一种新型诗体:自由体诗,即不受格律、韵脚的限制和束缚,提倡思想和语言自由自在地发挥。他的 Leaves of Grass(《草叶集》)奠定了美国诗歌的基础;C Herman Melville(赫尔曼·梅尔维尔)美国小说家、散文家和诗人,代表作是Moby Dick(《白鲸记》);D Theodore Dreiser(西奥多·德莱塞)是美国作家,代表作是Sister Carrie(《嘉莉妹妹》),答案为B。
7. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by
A.Thomas Hardy.
B.John Galsworthy.
C.D. H. Lawrence.
D.James Joyce.
A B C D
C
本题考查的是名家作品。Sons and Lovers(《儿子和情人》)的作者是英国著名小说家D.H.Lawrence (D.H·劳伦斯)。A Thomas Hardy(托马斯·哈代)英国小说家,代表作是Tess of the D ’Urbervilles (《德伯家的苔丝》)。B John Galsworthy(约翰·高尔斯华绥)英国小说家,代表作是 The Forsyte Saga (《福尔赛世家》);D James Joyce(詹姆斯·乔伊斯)爱尔兰作家,诗人,代表作有意识流小说Ulysses(《尤利西斯》),答案为C。
8. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is
PART Ⅳ PROOFREADDING & ERROR CORRECTION The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a" ∧ "sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash"—"and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further difference 1 ______ between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse,learnt in early childhood,is not usually passed on again when the little listener 2 ______ has grown up,and has children of their own,or even grandchildren. The 3 ______ period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground lore, 4 ______ therefore,a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour it is 5 ______ learnt; and,in the general,it passes between children of the same age, 6 ______ or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or even just 7 ______ for fifty,it follows that it has been retransmitted over and over; very 8 ______ possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers,and the wonder is that it remains live after so much 9 ______ handling; to let alone that it bears resemblance to the original wording. 10 ______
1.
第二个the→a
冠词错误。定冠词the具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物,以别于同类中其他的人或事,此处用a further difference表示泛指,意思是进一步展示school lore和nursery lore的不同。
Cell phone has altered human relations. There is usually a note on the door of a conference room,which reads“close your handset”. However, the rings are still resounding in the room. We are all common people and have few urgencies to do. Still,we are reluctant to turn off the phone. Cell phone symbolizes our connection with the world and reflects our“thirst for socialization”. We are familiar with the scene when a person stops his steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at his phone,regardless of his location,whether in road center or beside restroom.
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
1. We,the human species,are confronting a planetary emergency—a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here.But there is hopeful news as well:we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst—though not all—of its consequences,if we act boldly,decisively and quickly. However,too many of the world’s 1eaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Ado1f Hitler's threat:“They go on in strange paradox,decided only to be undecided,resolved to be irreso1ute,all powerful to be impotent.” So today,we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet,as if it were an open sewer.And tomorrow,we will dump a slightly larger amount,with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.
1. Mandarin,or putonghua,is the standard service sector language in our country.But recently,employees at a big city's subway station have been busy learning dialects of other parts of the country.Proponents say that using dialects in the subway is a way to provide better service.But opponents think that encouraging the use of dialects in public counters the national policy to promote putonghua.What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic: Are Dialects Just as Acceptable in Public Places? In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument,and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details.In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content,organization,grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Are Dialects Just as Acceptable in Public Places? Recently,employees at a big city's subway station have been busy learning dialects of other parts of the country. It is said that using dialects in the subway is a way to provide better service. But some people doubt whether such dialect learning contradicts the national initiative to promote Putonghua,or Mandarin, around the country. This question evoked various responses from experts, as well as the general public. Many voiced their concerns that local dialects would be forbidden in public places. Mandarin is the country's predominant language and is being widely used by more than 70 percent of the population. However,there is no denying that local dialects still enjoy popularity for relatively under-educated people in some occasions. The dialects do have their unique role and should be accepted in public places from my point of view. Firstly,it is more than a mere tool for communication. It is a necessary part of the colorful culture. If the dialect was kept from daily use,the culture will be broken,which is also a great loss of traditional treasure. Secondly, Mandarin can be enriched by absorbing the elite part of local dialects. This is the gradual perfection of Mandarin in the long river of history. The dialects also have the function of entertainment through the television and the Internet,just like the current popularity of northeastern dialects throughout China. Such a cultural phenomenon reflects the audience's attitude to local dialects which cater to the taste of the majority. Thirdly,as for some undereducated local people,dialect is the only means of communication. If local dialects are forbidden in the public places,they can not communicate with the world. From the above analysis,local dialects should be accepted in public places for their important role in our life. We should permit their survival because local dialects stand for our culture. Dialects should not and would not be eliminated. Certainly, there is no need for any purposeful and deliberate attempt to protect dialects. Just let dialects take their natural way. The best choice to treat a dialect is to use it in daily life when necessary.