In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
SECTION A TALK
Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.
B.60% of the cities are affected by car pollution.
C.90% of the city residents suffer from car pollution.
D.car is the main contributing factor in polluting air.
A B C D
D
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of car pollution?
A.Car tyres.
B.Car engines.
C.Car horns.
D.Car brakes.
A B C D
C
3. Which of the following is NOT cited as a means to reduce the number of cars?
A.To pass laws to control the use of cars.
B.To improve public transport systems.
C.To increase car tax and car price.
D.To construct effective subway systems.
A B C D
A
4. One of the mechanical solutions to car pollution is
A.to change the chemical structure of fuel.
B.to improve on the exhaust pipe.
C.to experiment with new engines.
D.to monitor the amount of chemicals.
A B C D
D
5. Accoring to the speaker, a sensible way to solve car pollution is that we should
A.focus on one method only.
B.explore some other alternatives.
C.improve one of the four methods.
D.integrate all of the four methods.
A B C D
D
[解析] Question1-5 Ok, good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. In previous weeks we talked about different types of pollution and this week I want to focus on air pollution, with air pollution caused by the car. It's well known that cars are the main cause of air pollution in cities, which comes up to 60% in some cities and in others even as high as 90% of all air pollution caused by the car. Cars contribute a great deal to the air pollution in our cities, and this will get worse as the number of cars increases in the cities. Firstly, I'd like to talk about how cars cause air pollution. How does a car cause air pollution? Well, you are all familiar with the internal combustion engine. There's a mixture of petrol which explodes and this explosion helps propel a car forwarD.Unfortunately, in this process there are some poisonous chemicals which remain, and these poisonous chemicals mainly come out of the back of the car through the exhaust. Now, it's not just what comes out of the car exhaust that is dangerous, the brakes also cause pollution. The brakes on cars give off asbestos, and as you know asbestos is... is a highly dangerous substance and can kill us. And thirdly, the tires themselves give off small rubber particles which are not very good for health. We need to find solutions to this problem. I'm going to talk about 4 possible solutions. Firstly, we should try and discourage the use of cars. We could do this by putting higher taxes on petrol or we could make cars more expensive. We could put the price of cars up. Secondly, we might encourage alternative methods of transport. For example, recently in Shanghai, you've built a subway, which takes some of the pressure off the roads. Some people would use the subway rather than using cars. In addition, we could improve public transport, make it more comfortable, safer, and more regular so that the people will use public transport rather than cars. Next, we could also use cleaner fuels rather than petrol. For example, we might use natural gas in the future or we might experiment with battery group in cars. And lastly, we could try mechanical means for reducing the amount of chemicals that are emitted, which come out of cars, which come out of the exhaust pipe. We could fix things called catalytic converters to exhaust pipes. These are something... these are a device which are fixed over to the exhaust, which controls the carbon monoxide, which reduces the amount of dangerous chemicals that cars give off. Now it's unlikely that any one of these solutions will work on its own. I'm pretty sure that it would take a combination of all four of these solutions to solve the problem.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.
2. The interviewee is not self-employed mainly because
A.her husband likes her to work for a firm.
B.she prefers working for the government.
C.self-employed work is very demanding.
D.self-employed work is sometimes insecure.
A B C D
D
3. To study architecture in a university one must
A.be interested in arts.
B.study pure science first.
C.get good exam results.
D.be good at drawing.
A B C D
C
4. On the subject of drawing the interviewee says that
A.technically speaking artists draw very well.
B.an artist's drawing differs little from an architect's.
C.precision is a vital skill for the architect.
D.architects must be natural artists.
A B C D
C
5. The interviewee says that the job of an architect is
A.more theoretical than practical.
B.to produce sturdy, well-designed buildings.
C.more practical than theoretical.
D.to produce attractive, interesting buildings.
A B C D
B
[解析] Questions6-10 Interviewer. So, you're an architect. Interviewee: Yes. Interviewer: Do you work for a public or a private organization, or you're self-employed, that is working on your own? Interviewee: I'm working for a private designing construction company. Interviewer: How did you start your career? Interviewee. I started it with the government. Interviewer. Oh, did you? What make you decide to work for the government? Interviewee: Well, it was a matter of chance, really. I saw an advertisement for a vacant position in the newspaper and I thought "why don't you try it". In fact, I have no preferences where I work, public or private. Interviewer: And do you still have this idea, or... Interviewee: More or less, yes. Although I'm now working with a private firm, I worked for the government for about three years. It was all right. Of course, there is the bureaucracy that one has to put up with but that's not that baD.If you don't mind bureaucratic wheels turning slowly and things not being as efficient. Interviewer: Mm, ha, and what made you leave the public sector? Interviewee: Money mainly. You see, I got married, and my husband doesn't work, and we wanted to start a family right away. So we thought it might be better if I moved to the private sector. This is why it's hard for me to be self-employed, because self-employed work has a disadvantage that there may be time or a period of time when you are unemployed. Interviewer: I see. So did you join this company straightaway or... ? Interviewee: No. I worked in a couple of private firms before I came to this one. Interviewer: Mm... Mm. Now, what qualifications does one have to have to become an architect? Interviewee: Well, you've got to have a degree in architecture. That means, before you apply to study architecture in any university you have to pass exams. Usually 3A levels with good results. Also you generally have to study sciences at school rather than arts as a basis for the subject to be studied at university level. Although when you really get down to it, the subject involves some aspects of arts too. Then you need between six and seven years to work through, by the end of which you usually sit for the final examination. Interviewer: So you mean to take up architecture, one has to have a scientific background? Interviewee: Well, yes, mainly scientific, but it helps if you have some general arts background too. You know, architecture is not a pure science. Interviewer: Now, if one wants to take'up architecture, one has got to be able to draw. Is that really ture? Interviewee: Well, it is true that the work of an architect involves a lot of drawing and to be an architect you must be able to draw. But this doesn't mean that if you can't at present draw, you won't have the opportunity to be an architect, because you can be taught to draw. In fact, drawing in architecture is different from drawing in art. An artist's drawing must be good in the sense that it gives a certain impression in the mind of the viewer. In fact, some famous artists can't draw very well at all, at least not from the technical point of view. On the other hand, architects' drawing must be accurate. So, I said that accuracy of the drawing is what we aim at, what's important. Interviewer: Now what qualities do you think make a good architect apart from the accuracy in his drawings? Interviewee: Well, I'm not sure if I can generalize about that. You see architecture is a mixture of theory and practice. So I suppose a good architect should be good at both. And an architect's work is good in as much as the construction is built precisely as the theory requires, so that it doesn't collapse or can't be used after a period of time because it's dangerous. I don't mean a well-built construction will last forever, but it's predictable, that is, if the building is constructed in a certain way or with certain materials, we can say how long it will last, provided that there's no other factor. Interviewer: Such as... Interviewee: For example, an earthquake or if the ground level sinks which may destroy it. So, that's one part of being a good architect to design a construction which is attractive and will last a long time. Interviewer: Right. So, that's the theory side. Now, what about the practical aspect? Interviewee: Yes, the practical side concerns, I'd say, the use of the construction you design. If you design a house the people who live in it later on must be happy as they live in it. A college student shouldn't think to himself "Oh... I'd rather... study in the library. My bedroom is too cold because the ceiling seems to be too high and the windows too big", or say, when somebody is cooking in the kitchen the smell of the food shouldn't disturb somebody who's still in bed. The bathroom should be situated for everyone's convenience, but while it's being used, the noise shouldn't disturb anyone. So you see these practical things which give you comfort apart from serving the purpose of the construction, whatever it maybe — a school, a hospital, a hotel and so on.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 Swer the two questions. Now listen to the news.
[解析] Questions 11—12 A man who fired three shots into a crowded birthday party killing one man and wounding two other people has been sentenced to 60 years in prison. 36-year-old Mark Eastwood was in court for sentencing today after a jury found him guilty of manslaughter, but not guilty of murder. Mark Eastwood snapped after being kept awake for four successive nights by noisy parties yards away form his home. He took a loaded revolver and fired three shots through the window of a house in the southwestern part of the city. A 2S-year-old man at the party died after being hit in the head, two other people were seriously wounded. The court was told that Eastwood had a lengthy criminal record for dishonesty and he was keeping a gun without a license. Sentencing him to 60 years in prison, Mr. Justice Dawson said, "no one must be allowed to kill innocent people and not to be severely punished."
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 45 seconds to answer the three questions. Now listen to the news.
1. How many missing American servicemen have been positively confirmed dead in Vietnam so far?
A.67.
B.280.
C.84.
D.1648.
A B C D
B
2. According to the search operation commander, the recovery of the missing Americans is slowed down because
A.the weather conditions are unfavorable.
B.the necessary documents are unavailable.
C.the sites are inaccessible.
D.some local people are greedy.
A B C D
D
3. According to the news, Vietnam may be willing to help America mainly because of
A.its changed policy towards America.
B.recent international pressure.
C.its desire to have the US trade embargo lifted.
D.the impending visit by a senior US military officer.
A B C D
C
[解析] Questions 13—15 A 23-day search operation that begins Thursday will include 84 Americans and their Vietnamese counterparts split in the eight teams. The spokesman for the operation said four of the teams are currently in the midst of a dry season. The spokesman said Vietnam turned over 67 sets of remains which the Vietnamese believed to be of Americans last year, the most since it began returning such remains in the early 1980s. Vietnam first allowed American search teams into the country in 1988 and the first consisted of just three men. Vietnam has turned over hundreds of sets of remains since the end of the war in 1975. So far 280 such sets have been positively identified as the remains of missing Americans. The remains are examined by forensic specialists at the U.S. military laboratory in Hawaii. The fates of more than 2,200 American servicemen who are missing in southeast Asia remain unsolveD. 1,648 of those are listed as missing in Vietnam or its waters. In an interview with the Associated Press, Major General Thomas Needham, the search operation commander, said he was pleased with the process being made to account for the missing men. He said he and his teams were allowed to go wherever they wished in Vietnam. General Needham said he constantly pushed the Vietnamese to find and hand over more documents about the missing men. General Needham said that he didn't believe the Vietnamese government was holding back remains. However, he said some individuals who had come across remains were holding them back in the hope of being paid for them. The U.S. does not pay for remains. In the related development, the U. S. military announced Wednesday that Admiral Charles Lawson, the commander-in-chief of the Pacific, will visit Vietnam beginning January 16th. Admiral Lawson will visit the American Missing-in-Action Office in Hanoi, discuss the issue with the Vietnamese officials and travel south to observe the excavations. Admiral Lawson will become the highest ranking U. S. military officer to visit Vietnam since the end of the War. Admiral Lawson's visit and extensive search come at a time when officials in Washington say the question of the U. S. trade embargo against Vietnam is under active review. Ann Butler for VOA news, Bangkok.
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking.
LAND USE A problem related to the competition for land use is whether crops should be used to produce food or fuel. 1 areas will be examined in this respect. Firstly, the problem should be viewed in its 2 perspective. When oil prices rose sharply in the 1970s, countries had to look for alternatives to solve the resulting crisis. In developing countries, one of the possible answers to it is to produce alcohol from 3 material. This has led to a lot of research in this area particularly in the use of 4 The use of this material resulted from two economic reasons: a 5 in its price and low 6 costs. There are other starchy plants that can be used to produce alcohol, like the sweet 7 or the cassava plant in tropical regions, and 8 and sugar beet in non-tropical regions. The problem with these plants is that they are also the people's staple food in many poor countries. Therefore, farmers there are faced with a choice: crops for food or for fuel. And farmers naturally go for what is more 9 As a result, the problems involved are economic in nature, rather than technological. This is my second area under consideration.Finally, there have already been practical applications of using alcohol for fuel. Basically, they come in wo forms of use: pure alcohol as is the case in 10 , and a combination of alcohol and gasoline known as gasohol in Germany.
PART Ⅱ PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET as instructed. WATER
The second most important constituent of the biosphere is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0℃ and boils at 100℃. This is only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some other planets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperature of the sun. 1 ______ As we know, life would only be possible on the face 2 ______ of a planet had temperatures somewhere within this range. 3 ______ The earth's supply of water probably remains quite fairly 4 ______ constant in quantity. A certain number of hydrogen atoms, which are one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escaping from the atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just about replaced by 5 ______ new water rising away from the depths of the earth during 6 ______ volcanic action. The total quantity of water is not known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe 7 ______ to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms. Most of it?D97%?Dis in the form of the salt waters of the oceans. The rest is fresh, but three quarter of this is 8 ______ in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when melteD.Of the 9 ______ remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer than 1% of the 10 ______ whole, there is 10?D20 times as much stored as underground water as is actually on the surface. There is also a minor, but extremely important, fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapor in the atmosphere.
1.
在let与the之间加alone。
let alone为固定表达,意思是“更不用说”。
2.
将face改成surface。
face与surface都可以表示“表面”。face表示“表面”时一般指崖石、山峰、建筑等的垂直表面、侧面、前面、正面等,还可指钟表的“表面”。surface表示“表面”时指的是事物的平坦表层或其外表面。试比较: a.theface of the earth一般指地球的外观;the surface of the earth往往指地球的外层表面。 b.Its total surface area was seven thousand square feet.
“living organisms表示“生物”。systems可以表示(机体内多个器官组成的)系统或(高等植物的)组织,如the human visual system(人的视觉系统),take food into the system(把食物吸收进身体)。但是,system不与living搭配表示“生物”。
10.
将fewer改成less。
water表示“水”时为不可数名词。
PART Ⅲ READING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiplechoice questions. Read the passages and then answer the questions.
TEXT A Staying Healthy on Holiday 1 Do people who choose to go on exotic, far-flung holidays deserve free health advice before they travel? And even if they pay, who ensures that they get good, up-to-date information? Who, for that matter, should collect that information in the first place? For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travelers go abroad iii prepared to avoid serious disease. 2 Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travelers, this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness, jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a tropical diseases hospital when they come home, but it is notoriously difficult to get anybody pay out money for keeping people healthy. 3 Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests, the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travelers' diarrhea in Turkey, or to take the time to spell out preventive measures travelers could take. "The NHS finds it difficult to define travelers' health," says Ron Behrens, the only NHS consultant in travel any tropical medicine and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London. "Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? It's a gray area, and opinion is split. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role, "he says. 4 To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad.And even if a disease is linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they are, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives. 5 A recent leader in the British Medical Journal argued."Travel medicine will emerge as a credible discipline only if the risks encountered by travelers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control." Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice. The real figure is anybody's guess, but it could easily run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than £1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false sense of security: "Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority", he says.
1. Travel medicine in Britain is
A.not something anyone wants to run.
B.the responsibility of the government.
C.administered by private doctors.
D.handled adequately by travel agents.
A B C D
A
此题为细节理解题。 据第1段第4句可知。 “Travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants.”的意思与A较为接近,而其他三个答案明显不符。第1段最后1句也可帮助排除后三个选择。
2. The main interest of travel companies dealing with travel medicine is to
TEXT B The Historical Background of Social Psychology 1 While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western tradition, its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon. One reason for the striking upsurge of social psychology in the United States lies in the pragmatic tradition of this country. National emergencies and conditions of social disruption provide special incentive to invent new techniques, and to strike out boldly for solutions to practical social problems. Social psychology began to flourish soon after the First World War. This event, followed by the great depression of the 1930s, by the rise of Hitler, the genocide of Jews, race riots, the Second World War and the atomic threat, stimulated all branches of social science. A special challenge fell to social psychology. The question was asked: How is it possible to preserve the values of freedom and individual rights under condition of mounting social strain and regimentation? Can science help provide an answer? This challenging question led to a burst of creative effort that added much to our understanding of the phenomena of leadership, public opinion, rumor, propaganda, prejudice, attitude change, morale, communication, decision-making, race relations, and conflicts of war. 2 Reviewing the decade that followed World War Ⅱ, Cartwright [1961] speaks of the "excitement and optimism" of American social psychologists, and notes "the tremendous increase in the total number of people calling themselves social psychologists". Most of these, we may add,show little awareness of the history of their field. 3 Practical and humanitarian motives have always played an important part in the development of social psychology, not only in America but in other lands as well. Yet there have been discordant and dissenting voices, in the opinion of Herbert Spencer in England, of Ludwig Gumplowicz in Austria, and of William Graham Sumner in the United States, it is both futile and dangerous for man to attempt to steer or to speed social change. Social evolution, they argue, requires time and obeys laws beyond the control of man. The only practical service of social science is to warn man not to interfere with the course of nature (or society). But these authors are in a minority. Most social psychologists share with Comte an optimistic view of man's chances to better his way of life. Has he not already improved his health via biological sciences? Why should he not better his social relationships via social sciences? For the past century this optimistic outlook has persisted in the face of slender accomplishment to date. Human relations seem stubbornly set. Wars have not been abolished, labor troubles have not abated, and racial tensions are still with us. Give us time and give us money for research, the optimists say.
1. Social psychology developed in the USA
A.because its roots are intellectually western in origin.
B.as a direct response to the great depression.
C.to meet the threat of Adolf Hitler and his policy of mass genocide.
D.because of its pragmatic traditions for dealing with social problems.
A B C D
D
此题为细节理解题。据第1段第2句可知。A、B、C均为对第1段第4句的误解。
2. According to the author, social psychology should help man to
3. Who believed that man can influence social change for the good of society?
A.Cartwright.
B.Spencer.
C.Sumner.
D.Comte.
A B C D
D
此题为细节理解题。据第3段中间“Most social psychologists share with Comte an optimistic view of man's chances to better his way of life.”可以确定。 [难点解析] ▲upsurge增长,急剧上升,高涨,高潮 ▲strike out开辟(道路等),独立闯新路 ▲regimentation兵营化,一律化,严格管制 ▲discordant and dissenting不和谐的,抵触的,不一致的,持异议的 ▲to date迄今为止
TEXT C God and My Father 1 I thought of God as a strangely emotional being. He was powerful; he was forgiving yet obdurate, full of warmth and affection. Both his wrath and affection were fitful, they came and they went, and I couldn't count on either to continue: although they both always did.In short God was much such a being as my father himself. 2 What was the relation between them, I wondered — these two puzzling deities? 3 My father's ideas of religion seemed straightforward and simple. He had noticed when he was a boy that there were buildings called churches; he had accepted them as a natural part of the surroundings in which he had been born. He would never have invented such things himself. Nevertheless they were here. As he grew up he regarded them as unquestioningly as he did banks. They were substantial old structures, they were respectable, decent, and venerable. They were frequented by the right sort of people. Well, that was enough. 4 On the other hand he never allowed churches — or banks — to dictate to him. He gave each the respect that was due to it from his point of view; but he also expected from each of them the respect he felt due to him. 5 As to creeds, he knew nothing about them, and cared nothing either; yet he seemed to know which sect he belonged with. It had to be a sect with the minimum of nonsense about it; no total immersion, no exhorters, no holy confession. He would have been a Unitarian,naturally, if he'd lived in Boston. Since he was a respectable New Yorker, he belonged in the Episcopal Church. 6 As to living a spiritual life, he never tackled that problem. Some men who accept spiritual beliefs try to live up to them daily; other men who reject such beliefs, try sometimes to smash them. My father would have disagreed with both kinds entirely. He took a more distant attitude. It disgusted him where atheists attacked religion: he thought they were vulgar. But he also objected to having religion make demands upon him — he felt that religion was too vulgar, when it tried to stir up men's feelings. It had its own proper field of activity, and it was all right there, of course; but there was one place religion should let alone, and that was a man's soul. He especially loathed any talk of walking hand in hand with his Savior. And if he had ever found the Holy Ghost trying to soften his heart, he would have regarded its behavior as distinctly uncalled for; even ungentlemanly.
1. The writer says his father's idea of religion seemed straightforward and simple because his father
A.had been born in natural surroundings with banks and churches.
B.never really thought of God as having a real existence.
C.regarded religion as acceptable as long as it did not interfere.
D.regarded religion as a way that he could live a spiritual life.
A B C D
A
此题为一般推理题。据第3段可推知。“My father's ideas of religion seemed straightforward and simple.”为该段的主题句。后面若干句皆用来阐述这一要点。
2. The writer's father would probably agree with the statement that
TEXT D Etiquette 1 In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon absorbs the newly rich and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life. 2 Every code of etiquette has contained three elements; basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance. 3 In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzania, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England,until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents' presence without asking permission. 4 Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot. 5 Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Province, in France. 6 Province had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds,though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today. 7 In renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name. 8 Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of harming or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest.
1. One characteristic of the rich classes of a declining society is their tendency to
2. Which of the following is NOT an element of the code of etiquette?
A.Respect for age.
B.Formal compliments.
C.Proper introductions at social functions.
D.Eating with a fork rather than fingers.
A B C D
D
此题为细节归纳题。据第2段、第3段、第4段可知。从第4段第2句可排除D。
3. According to the writer which of the following is part of chivalry? A knight should
A.inspire his lady to perform valiant deeds.
B.perform deeds which would inspire romantic songs.
C.express his love for his lady from a distance.
D.regard his lady as strong and independent.
A B C D
C
此题为细节理解题。据第7段第2句可知。
4. Etiquette as an art of gracious living is quoted as a feature of which country?
A.Egypt.
B.18th century France.
C.Renaissance Italy.
D.England.
A B C D
C
此题为细节理解题。据第5段第3句可知。Rome即指Renaissance Italy。 [难点解析] ▲preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette 这里讲统治阶级通过强化礼节来保持自己的尊贵身份,脱离中下等阶层。 ▲crusade十字军 ▲valiant deeds英勇行为 ▲debased意义被贬低了的
TEXT E Conflict And Competition 1 The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world's great writers. Before considering the question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. 2 Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however,this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. The struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. 3 Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper, the unsuccessful decline while it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable, although competition is.
1. According to the author which of the following is inevitable?
A.War.
B.Conflict.
C.Competition.
D.Cooperation.
A B C D
C
此题为一般细节题。据第1段倒数第2句可知。
2. In the animal kingdom the struggle for existence
A.is evidence of the inevitability of conflict among the fittest.
B.arises from a need to live in groups.
C.is evidence of the need to compete for scarce resources.
D.arises from a natural desire to fight.
A B C D
C
此题为一般推理题。据第2段后半部分可知。据第2段第1句、第2句可排除A。据第2段第3句可排除B。据第2段第4句可排除D。 [难点解析] ▲social entities社会实体或群体 ▲the parties to a conflict冲突的各方
SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then answer the questions.
TEXT F
1. Angry Residents Gradge Crescent Rudwick Sir, On two occasions since Rudwick College opened you have given front page reports on the chaotic conditions prevailing there. But whilst chaos and upheaval reigns in the college, what of the chaos and noise that local residents are subjected to? Cars are parked on the pavement, and, still worse, on the pavements at street corners. The noise from motor cycles is such that at times conversation is impossible. To add to this, our streets are littered with paper, Coca Cola tins and empty milk bottles. Huge transistor radios are carried by students at all times of the day, blasting out misic so loudly that babies wake and old people are unable to take their afternoon naps. All in all, we have found students' behavior to be quite intolerable. We appeal to students (whom we support financially via our local authority rates) to have some consideration for other people. And if the young people themselves won't listen to what we say and we suspect they won't, then perhaps their parents should knock some sense into their heads. Yours faithfully, John SmithThe writer believes the problems of chaos and noise will most probably only be solved by
A.the students themselves.
B.the students' parents.
C.the college authorities.
D.the newspaper.
A B C D
B
此题为快速浏览题。据书信的通常结构,可将注意力集中在最后部分。
TEXT G
1. Race About one-fifth of the high school students here are boycotting classes to protest the reinstatement of a principal who threatened to ban interracial couples from the prom. The boycott began on Monday as classes resumed after spring break for the 680 students at Randolph County High School. It was also the first day back for the principal, Hulond Humphries, a white man who was reinstated by a 4-to-2 vote of the school board after being suspended on March 14. Mr.Humphries, 55, who has been principal for 25 years, declined to comment on the boycott. The boycott was organized by the school board's only black member, Charlotte Clark-Freison. Parents who attended a meeting on Monday night decided to keep their children out of school today, said Ms. Clark-Freison. A group of parents traveled today to Montgomery, about 90 miles to the southwest, to meet with state education officials and ask about setting up an alternative school during the boycott, Ms. Clark-Freison said. School Superintendent Dale McKay said he did not know how many students were absent form class either on Monday or today. Tawanna Mize, a white senior, said school attendance sheets showed 157 absent students, 115 of them black. Ms. Clark-Freison said about 200 black students boycotted today. She did not know how many white students stayed away. Many black students gathered on Monday and today at two churches to discuss multicultural issues and non-violent protests. Many of the boycotting students wore black- and-white ribbons. The boycotters included ReVonda Bowen, who filed a civil rights lawsuit against Mr. Humphries for saying at a school assembly on Feb.24 that she was "a mistake" because her father is white and her mother is black. At the same assembly, Mr. Humphries announced that mixed-race couples would not be allowed at the prom and that the dance would be cancelled if they showed up. The next day, Mr. Humphries withdrew the threat to close the prom if mixed-race couples showed up, and he said his comments had been misunderstood.In the passage the writer's tone is
1. USA/Iran Sir, The present quarrel between the US and Iran seems to be drifting dangerously near to a confrontation between the West and the Third World.It is understandable that the US should seek support from her allies within NATO but the result of this could be seen as an attempt by a group of powerful industrial countries to bully the people of a Third World country which, in recent years, had no cause to be grateful for the policies of the US. Surely the appropriate forum in which to search out a settlement to this extremely dangerous quarrel is the UN and the West should do its utmost, within that forum, to gather the greatest possible support from Third World, and particularly Islamic countries. I am well aware that the matter has been considered by the Security Council and the General Assembly and that the International Court of Justice has also pronounced in favor of the American case. I myself in no way support the behavior of the Iranians on this issue, which I believe to be dangerous and provocative. Nevertheless, it is my view that it would be wise for the Western powers to continue to use the quiet diplomacy of the UN and also, if this should prove racticable, the good offices of Islamic countries who have no desire to be caught up in a middle Eastern conflict arising from the present tension between Iran and the US. In addition to exploiting still further the use of the machinery of the UN, I also consider that European leaders ought to suggest that it would be helpful if a summit meeting could take place between the American and Russian leaders to exchange views about the whole situation in the Middle East. Such an exchange of views would be unlikely to produce instant solutions, but it might help the Russian and American government to read each other's minds and seek methods of backing away from the perilous trial of strength in that part of the world. Yours sincerely, Frank Hooley, MP House of Commons, London SW1The writer advises that the problems between Iran and the USA might be best dealt with in the UN by getting the support of
A.America's NATO allies in the West.
B.Islamic Third World countries.
C.Russia.
D.Britain.
A B C D
B
此题为快速浏览题。浏览过程中需关注作者用来表达建议的词语。
TEXT I
1. Gold ! Gold ! Gold ! Gold has enthralled man since the dawn of civilization. For centuries he braved arctic cold, tropic heat and inhuman privations to wrest gold from the earth. He used it for religious objects, sculpture, jewelry and as a symbol of wealth. Paradoxically, he often buried it — for use in the afterlife, as the pharaohs, did, or for safekeeping against the uncertainties of this life. Gold's lustre and rarity, which implied its owner possessed great power, gave it a musical quality from the start. Gold was considered divine in ancient Greece and it was used to adorn temples and as an offering to the gods. Despite their reverence, the ancients were quick to recognize gold's practical qualities, particularly its malleability, which made it ideal for jewelry. Even Cleopatra used gold ornaments to enhance her charm. However, it has been as a symbol of wealth — of nations as well as individuals — that gold has played its most dramatic role. The quest for gold changed the course of history — shifting nations' borders and opening wildernesses. The cry "Gold!" probably launched more ships than a hundred Helens of Troy. History books tell us Columbus' expedition was inspired by his scientific curiosity. But it was also backed by Queen Isabella, who may have been motivated to donate her jewels by more than just sympathy for his cause or desire for a trade route to the East. Whatever the original motive might have been, certainly her royal spouse was moved by more than scientific triumph in 1511 when he wrote to his men in South America: "Get gold," he commanded, "humanely if possible, but at all hazards get gold." The intrinsic value of gold, perhaps enhanced by its mystique, made it a medium of exchange in many parts of the world.Payments were made in gold hundreds of years before 550 B.C., when the first known gold coins were cast. King Croesus of Lydia (western Turkey), whose legendary wealth inspired the phrase "rich as Croesus", is generally credited with that minting. However, gold played a relatively minor monetary role until the great 19th century gold rushes in California, Alaska, Canada and South Africa produced sufficient quantities to make wide-scale monetary use practical. The artistic, industrial and ornamental uses of gold have changed little since ancient times, but its monetary use has been transformed. Gold ducats, double eagles and sovereigns can't meet industrial societies' need for convenient and efficient money. Modern nations use paper currency, base-metal coins, and checkbook balances to meet the needs of their fast-paced economies. As a rule, nations now keep gold for payments to each other. The "coin" used in these payments is a gold bar, often about the size and shape of a common building brick, weighing about 400 troy ounces (about 27 avoirdupois pounds) and valued at about $17,000 at today's official U. S. Government price. In the "free" market, where the forces of supply and demand constantly determine gold's 'value, this same bar was worth about thirteen times as much in early 1981. When nations trade gold, it is done at the market price rather than at the official price.The purpose of the passage is to
A.describe the mining of gold.
B.describe man's pursuit of gold.
C.determine the importance of gold.
D.discuss the role of gold.
A B C D
D
此题为快速浏览题。浏览时可侧重揣摩各段主题句的意思。
TEXT J Weather Severe winter weather during the first three weeks of January caused hundreds of deaths in Europe. A massive dome of cold air became entrenched over northern Scandinavia and northern USSR in mid-December of 1986. It migrated westward and southward so that by January 12 much of the continent was under its influence. On that day, central England had its coldest day since 1945, with London recording 160F (—90℃). In Leningrad, USSR, temperatures dipped to —490F (—450℃), reportedly the coldest in 250 years. Coastal and river ice brought a halt to shipping in northern Europe. The cold was also accompanied by a major snowstorm that snarled rail and road transport in Western Europe on January 11 to 13. Snow fell as far south as the French Riviera.On January 14, East Berlin recorded January 11 to 13. Snow fell as far south as the French Riviera.On January 14, East Berlin recorded an all-time record low of —130F (—110℃ ), while Paris measured a snowfall of 5.5 inches (14 centimeters) — the fourth heaviest on record. During the first two weeks of the month, the cold was blamed for 77 deaths in the USSR, including 48 from heating accidents and 29 from avalanches. In Poland, home fires claimed 27 lives. By the time the cold began easing around January 19, the total reported deaths from snow and cold across Europe and the USSR neared 350. The interior of North America was experiencing record mildness. Parts of Alberta, Canada, enjoyed the warmest January ever, with temperatures averaging up to 18 F (10℃) above normal. The January warmth turned out to be part of a remarkably persistent weather anomaly. From December 1986 through 1987, monthly average temperatures across a large area of Canada remained above normal. From December through April, readings averaged 110F (60℃) above normal in an area extending from eastern Alberta to western Ontario. In Ontario, August was the first month with below-normal temperatures after eight consecutive months above normal. Localized areas had even more persistent warmth. At Vancouver International Airport, November was the 16th consecutive month with above-normal temperatures. The relative warmth across the continent is a feature often associated with warm ocean waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
1. According to the passage, London recorded its coldest day in__________years when the temperature dropped to — 90℃.
2. How many people died in Poland because of the weather in the first half of January?
A.77
B.29
C.48
D.27
A B C D
D
此题为跳读题。可以“Poland”为关键词查找。
TEXT K Who's Who McGUIGAN, Hon. Thomas Malcolm; New Zealand, parliamentarian and business consultant; b 20 Feb.1921, Christchurch; m Ruth Deacon 1946; two s. one d.; ed. Christchurch Boys' High School, Christchurch Tech. Evening School; served in Navy 1941—45; secretarial and accountancy posts in commerce 1946—54; House Man. Christchurch Hosp. 1955—57; Sr. Admin Officer, Princess Margaret Hosp; Christchurch 1958—69; M. P. 1969—75; Minister of Railways, Electricity and Civil Defense 1972—74, of Health and Public Trust Office 1974—75; J. P. 1953—; Pres. New Zealand Football Asscn. 1974—75. Leisure interests: golf, cricket, fishing, football, reading, music.Address: 71 Main Road, Christchurch 8, New Zealand. MACH, Stanislaw, M. ECON., C.SC; polish politician; b 22 April 1938, Przychody, near Olkusz; economic studies; chief Mechanic, Cart Factory, Sianow 1960—61, Voivodship Amalgamation of Establishments for Mechanization of Agric, Koszalin 1961—63; Branch SeC.Main Tech Org. (NOT), Koszalin 1963—68; Deputy Chair Voivodship Council of Trade unions, Koszalin 1968—71; mem. Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 1961—; First Sec.PZPR District Cttee Kolobrzed 1971—72; Chair Presidium, Voivodship Nat, Council (WRN), Koszalin 1972—73, Voivode, Koszalin 1973—75; First seC.PZPR Voivodship Cttee., Slupsk 1975—77; Chair Presidium, WRN Slupsk 1975—77; Deputy mem. PZPR Cen. Cttee 1975—; deputy to Seym (Parl.) 1976—80; Minister of Light Industry 1977—80; Deputy Chair. Council of Ministers Oct. 1980—; decorations include Knight's Cross of Order Polonia RestitytA. Address: Urzad Rady Ministrow, Al. Ujazdowskie 1/3, 00—583, Warsaw, Poland. MACHADO, Paulo de Almeida; Brazilian medical doctor; B.Minas Gerais; active in planning public health and sanitary services; Dir. Nir. Nat. Inst. For Research in the Amazon Region until 1974; Minister of Health 1974—78. Address. c/o Ministerio da Saude, Esplanada dos Ministerios, Bloco 11, Brasilia, D.F. Brazil. MACHEL, Samora Moises; Mozambique nationalist leader and politician, B. Oct.1933, Lourenco Marques (now Maputo); m. Grace Simbine 1975; trained as a male nurse; sent to Algeria for mil. Training 1963; organized training camp program in Tanzania; C.-in C.army of Frente de Libertacao de Mocambique (FRELIMO) in guerilla war against Portuguese 1966—74; SeC.Of Defense, FRELIMO 1966—74, Pres May 1970—3 Pres. Of Mozambique June 1975—; Joliot-Curie gold Medal 1977, Lenin Peace Prize 1977, Order of Suhbuator (Mongolia) 1978, Order of Friendship 1980. Address. Officio do Presidento, Maputo, Mozambique. McHENRY, Donald F. , M. SC.; American diplomatist; B.13 Oct. 1936, St. Louis, Mo. ; m Mary Williamson (divorced); one s. two D.; ed Illinois State Univ. , Southern Illinois and Georgetown Univs; taught Howard Univ. , Washington 1959—62; active in civil rights movt, during 1960s; joined dept of State 1963.
1. Which person won the Lenin Peace Prize?
A.McGuigan.
B.Mach.
C.Machado.
D.Machel.
A B C D
D
此题为跳读题。可以“Lenin Peace Prize”为关键词查找。
2. Which person carried out research in the Amazon region?
A.McGuigan.
B.Mach.
C.Machado.
D.Machel
A B C D
C
此题为跳读题。可以“Amazon region”为关键词查寻。
TEXT L Milestones APPOINTED.MICHAEL NAZIR-ALI, 44, an assistant bishop in central London; as Bishop of Rochester, the first non-white diocesan bishop of the Church of England; in Kent. The general secretary of the church Missionary Society, Nazir-Ali, who was ordained in Karachi in 1976 and holds dual Pakistani and British citizenship, has written several books on Islamic-Christian relations. Of his appointment he said "I think it reflects the way in which this country has changed." RANSOMED.ALFREDO HARP HELU, 50, billionaire president and co-owner of one of Latin America's largest financial firms, Banamex-Accival; for about $ 30 million, paid by his family, after he was held 106 days by his kidnappers, in Mexico city. The release followed a dramatic TV appearance in which Harp's son, accompanied by a family lawyer and a priest, accepted the kidnappers' terms unconditionally. At the family's request, the police did not intervene, giving rise to fears that the huge ransom will encourage more kidnappings and adding to concerns about Mexico's stability. ARRESTED.BERNARD TAPIE, 51, flamboyant entrepreneur and one of France's fastest rising political stars; only 12 hours after being stripped of his parliamentary immunity; on fraud and tax-evasion charges involving the use of his yacht, Phocea; in Paris. The Marseilles Deputy and former Urban Affairs Minister was already under investigation in four other cases, which involved defamation, embezzlement, fraud and a bribery scandal connected to his Olympique de Marseilles soccer team. If convicted on the latest charges, Tapie risks heavy fines and up to five years in prison — yet his political support remains strong. DIED.MA'MOUN EL-SHINNAWY, 80, master of the modern Arabic lyrical poetry who also wrote the words to more than 1,000 popular Egyptian songs; in Cairo. Originally a journalist noted for his lancing wit, El-Shinnawy co-founded a political-humor magazine in 1950 called Word and a Half, which was closed down during the 1952 revolution that brought Gamal Abdel Nasser to power. In the 60's El-Shinnawy penned the romantic verse that would bring him renown through out the Arab world. DIED.JOAN HASLIP, 82, popular biographer of such historical figures as France's Marie Antoinette and Emperor Mexico; in Bellosguardo, Italy, The British-born Haslip, who spent much of her life in Italy, made a precocious entrance into the World of letters, publishing two novels by the time she was 20. But after being called a "pretty, witty spendthrift writer" by V. S. Pritchett she turned to biography because she was "determined to be taken seriously". Critical and commercial success greeted her 1971 book on Maximilian, Imperial Adventurer, which became a best seller. Marie Antoinette, her 1987 portrait of the guillotined queen, was translated into 10 languages.
1. Who among the following is a biographer?
A.Tapie.
B.E1-Shinnawy.
C.Haslip
D.Nazir-Ali.
A B C D
C
此题为跳读题。可以“biographer”为关键词查寻。
2. Who among the following owns a soccer team?
A.Tapie.
B.Helu.
C.Haslip.
D.Nazir-Ali.
A B C D
A
此题为跳读题。可以“soccer team”关键词查寻。
PART Ⅳ TRANSLATION
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Translate the following underlined part of the text into English.
In Paris, cocktail parties and tea parties with multitudinous names provide a good opportunity for people to make friends widely.Being strangers meeting in such an occasion,if they are from Asia,usually they'll present their calling cards to the other person with both hands reverently and respectfully before starting to talk,which seems to be an indispensable etiquette;but,Frenchman,instead of passing calling cards on their own initiative,will exchange a few words of greetings or even have a rambling chat about everything under the sun before walking in their own way.When both sides enjoy their congenial talk and want to have further relationship,they will exchange their name cards.Passing calling cards first without opening the conversation may appear somewhat awkward to them.
[解析] ▲名目繁多的of various descriptions;with multitudinous names ▲好机会good opportunity ▲毕恭毕敬地reverently;respectfully;in all sincerity ▲礼节etiquette ▲谈话投机have a congenial talk ▲二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。也可以译成it may seem somewhat awkward to pass the namecard without saying anything。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese.
1. Four months before election day, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters and reviewed an oversized calendar that mark the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o'clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserteD.Even so, the men kept the door shut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting. Their aim was to devise a strategy that would guarantee Ronald Reagan's resounding reelection to a second term in the White House. It should have been easy. These were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ones to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with. America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America — a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government.
[解析] ▲It should have been easy.指里根再次入主白宫一事。注意此句使用了虚拟语气。 ▲presidential politics有关总统竞选事宜的政治或策略。 ▲a key factor in any election是the nation's economy的同位语,用于补充说明。 ▲top-flight一流的 ▲television commercials这里指有关总统竞选的电视宣传片。 ▲renewed更新的,加固的
PART Ⅴ WRITING On a Chinese college campus, usually several college students share a dormitory. Unfortunately some college students do not pay enough attention to living in a shared environment. For instance, they may ignore the sanitation of their dormitory or they may suddenly start to play music while others are sound asleep. Hence the idea of making dormitory policies to curb these indecencies has become popular on campus. You are in favor of this idea and have therefore decided to write to your university campus radio a passage entitled:
1. IN SUPPORT OF DORMITORY POLICIES You are to write a passage of approximately 300 words on this issue. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
[写作要点] 1.第一部分(即第一段)交待论点,第二部分(可分为三段)展开讨论,以具体的细节来支持自己的观点。第三部分(即最后一段)总结第二部分的讨论,得出结论。 2.写作时需注意内容、组织、语法和表达的得体性。 3.注意此文乃写给校广播台,因此在行文上应考虑这一点。 4.字数要求为300词左右。 [写作提纲] 第1段:交待背景引出话题:在目前形势下,大学生往往几个人合住寝室。大学生合住宿舍虽有利但也有弊。许多人认为有必要制定宿舍规定。接着,提出自己的看法,即支持这一主张。 第2段:陈述自己支持该主张的第一个理由:宿舍是公共环境,而对公共环境的管理离不开约束全体行为的规定。事实上,广场、候车厅、教室、实验室、图书馆、阅览室都有此类规定。 第3段:陈述第二个理由:制定宿舍规定可以方便宿舍成员之间相互约束和监督。由于宿舍规定是大家共同约定的,按规定提醒或劝止不良行为就可收到很好的效果而又最大程度地避免情感冲突或人际矛盾。 第4段:陈述第三个理由:通过长期执行宿舍规定,大学生可以逐步养成良好生活习惯,如学会体贴别人,爱护和维护公共卫生,等等。 第5段:总结上文,得出结论,即大学生宿舍应该制订切实有效的规定。同时指出,这些规定只是明确大学生在宿舍里的行为规范,但能否真正使得宿舍秩序井然,同学友好相处,最终还得靠大学生自觉执行这些规定。鉴于为校电台写稿,最后不妨发出呼吁。 [习作参考] In Support of Dormitory Policies On our campus, usually several college students share a dormitory. This happens partly because of the shortage of housing and partlybecause of some possible benefits. However, with the sharing of dormitories there also arise some problems. For instance, some of our students may ignore the sanitation of their common dormitory; some music lovers may turn on their radio late at night when others are ready to sleep. Such indecencies have led to discord among the dormitory members. Consequently some people suggest that some dormitory policies be made to effectively curb the various kinds of misconduct. For my part, I vote for the suggestion. First and foremost, our university dormitory is a public place for the students' life and study. As we know, public places are generally administrated by virtue of rules and regulations. For example, if you go to the cinema, you need to abide by its rules. When you are in the school library, you are also supposed to follow some regulations regarding your behavior. As a matter of fact, you can always see notices of this kind in public places, such as squares, waiting rooms and swimming pools. Though it is much smaller in size or scale, our dormitory is also a place for common activities. Therefore, any individual is not expected to interfere with others in any form. Through the outlining and implementing of some policies, we dormitory members can coordinate our daily activities and minimize the chances of disharmony. Secondly, making dormitory policies can best ensure our performance of dormitory duties. Suppose one of the policies stipulates that the dormitory members take turns mopping the floor. No one, then, can excuse himself/herself from the duty. If one neglects his/her duty, other inhabitants may remind him/her of it, or even urge him/her to do his/ her duty by resort to the policy. By mutual commitment, this does not constitute a threat to one's dignity or face, and consequently will not provoke any interpersonal conflict. However, emotional clash might result in the absence of dormitory policies, as evidenced by earlier reports. Thirdly, and more profoundly, making and enforcing dormitory policies can help cultivate among us university students good living habits that are to benefit us in the future. Constrained by the policies, we students may gradually overcome our bad habits and develop new good ones. For instance, we will learn to be considerate to others and mind our own duties when living together with others. Thus viewed, dormitory policies have an important part to play in the general education of our young generation. All in all, dormitory policies should be made because of its many advantages, immediate or long-term. Meanwhile, it is necessary to point out that policies are polices, after all. Whether we can keep our dormitories tidy and clean, or show adequate respect for each other, depends on our active compliance to the policies. For the sake of happiness and friendship, we university students should work together to make our dormitory another home of ours.
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A TALK
Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section