1. We see advertisements on television every day. Some people think that TV advertising brings us benefits, but others don't think so. What is your opinion ? Write a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: A MAJOR ADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGE OF ADVERTISING ON TELEVISION You are to write in three paragraphs. In the first paragraph, state just ONE major advantage or disadvantage of TV advertising. In the second paragraph, give one or two reasons to support your point of view. In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
[写作要点] 1.写三段,字数150字左右。 时间35分钟。 2.第一段:明确指出电视广告的某一个好处(或坏处)。第二段:给出一个或两个理由来支持所取观点。第三段:简要总结前面的讨论。 3.文体为议论文,讨论自己有关电视广告的认识。 4.只可以讨论电视广告的一个好处(或坏处)。 [写作提纲] 第1段:先引出话题(如指出不同人对于电视广告有不同看法),再提出自己的看法(如认为电视广告让消费者更好地了解同类产品,从而做出明智的选择)。 第2段:举例说明电视广告怎么帮助消费者选购所需物品。 第3段:(用不同的语言表达方式)重申自己的观点,总结上面的讨论。 A Major Advantage of Advertising on Television We see advertisements on Television every day. Some people think that TV advertising brings us benefits, but others don't think so. In my opinion, it makes the consumers aware of the availability of products for their choice. On Television we often find some advertisements about the same kind of products. At one time, for instance, VCD players of multitudinous brands dominated the prime time of CCTV1. Almost whetting on people's nerves, the advertisements did introduce a large variety of electronic products to them. Such being the case, the consumers can get well informed of the different VCD players, including their properties and functions. When they make a purchase, they are able to choose the right brand according to their need. All this was impossible, however, when people were ignorant of the choices available to them. More often than not, they would buy the best-known product or the locally made product. In conclusion, TV advertising plays a very important role in our economic behavior. With abundant information available on TV, we can make sensible choices as consumers.
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
1. Write a note of about 50 - 60 words based on the following situation: You've learned that your friend Jimmy is ill these days. Write him a note expressing your concern, asking after his health and giving your best wishes. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.
Dear Jimmy, I'm very sorry to hear that you're ill these days. Are you down with a bad cold? Or is it because you worked too hard? Are you feeling better now? I really want to go and see you, but a new task my boss assigned yesterday has prevented me from paying you a visit. Any way, I'll come to you as soon as I finish it. Until then, I pray for your early recovery. All the best, Yours, ×××
PART Ⅱ DICTATION
1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.
Tile 24th of October is celebrated as United Nations' Day. It is the day that belongs to everyone, and it is celebrated in most countries of the world. Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day. In many parts of the world schools have special programs for the day. Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree. In other communities, young people put on plays about the UN. Some libraries exhibit children's art works from around the world. Schools celebrate with the songs and dances of other countries, or give parties where foods of other countries are served. No matter how the day is celebrated, the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyone understand the UN and the important roles it plays in world affairs. The UN encourages people to learn about other lands and their customs. In this way people can gain a better understanding and appreciation of peoples all over the world.
PART Ⅲ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
SECTION A STATEMENT In this section you will hear eight statements. At the end of each statement you will be given10 seconds to answer each of the following eight questions.
[解析] During this morning's test, I couldn't do the last four questions, but I did the first five.
2. Jane thinks that Swiss cheese
A.tastes the best.
B.tastes very bad.
C.is better than butter cheese.
D.is no better than other cheese.
A B C D
A
[解析] According to Jane there is no better cheese than Swiss cheese in our local supermarket.
3. John went to_______first.
A.the cinema
B.the repair shop
C.the gas station
D.the service station
A B C D
D
[解析] Before going to the gas station to have his tank filled, John has his emergency brake checked and fixed at the service station near the local cinema.
4. Betty wishes to
A.send away the cleaning lady.
B.replace the cleaning lady.
C.keep the cleaning lady.
D.do the house cleaning.
A B C D
C
[解析] Betty would rather that her husband didn't send away the cleaning lady, but he will anyway.
5. How much did Fred pay for his car?
A.He paid half the price the salesman asked.
B.He paid twice as much as the salesman asked.
C.He paid the price the salesman asked.
D.He needn't have paid that much for the car.
A B C D
A
[解析] Fred would have paid twice as much as he did for his car if the salesman had insisted as he really needed a car.
6. Permanent education is practical because
A.there are no limits at all.
B.there are no age limits.
C.no one is getting really too old.
D.no one wants to learn at old age.
A B C D
B
[解析] The idea of permanent education is practical because people are never really too old to go on learning.Of course there are certain limits but these are not age limits.
7. According to the speaker, the most difficult thing is
A.traveling from place to place.
B.keeping away from crowds.
C.making holiday plans.
D.finding a place with many people.
A B C D
B
[解析] It is getting much easier to travel nowadays, but increasingly harder to get away from people, and that is perhaps the most difficult thing for holiday makers.
8. William lost his job because
A.he was always sick.
B.he usually went to work late.
C.he made a mistake in his work.
D.he got angry with his boss.
A B C D
C
[解析] According to Tom, William lost his job not because he was always sick and usually went to work late, but because he made a big error in last month's accounting and the boss was angry with him.
SECTION B CONVERSATION In this section, you will hear eight short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following eight questions.
[解析] A: Do you know that Mark turned down that job offer by a travel agency? B: Yeah, the hours were convenient, but he wouldn't have been able to make ends meet.
2. What do they think about the restaurant?
A.The service there is not good.
B.The food might not be good.
C.The waiter is not hospitable.
D.The restaurant is too small.
A B C D
B
[解析] A: Can we eat somewhere else? Very few small restaurants like this serve good food. B: I know, but there isn't anywhere else in this town. Look! The waiter is coming over for our order.
3. Which language does Mary speak well?
A.Chinese.
B.French.
C.Japanese.
D.English.
A B C D
D
[解析] A: Mary is fluent in English and she's just started to learn Japanese. B: I hear she also knows a few words in Chinese and French.
4. The woman believes that John
A.was playing a joke.
B.was leaving Boston.
C.was moving to Boston.
D.was selling his house himself.
A B C D
C
[解析] A: John must have been joking when he said that he was going to live in Boston. B: Don't be so sure. He told me that he was looking for an agent to sell his house.
5. The woman should have arrived by
A.10:45.
B.10:40.
C.10:55.
D.11:00.
A B C D
B
[解析] A: Excuse me, I wonder if the bus would come at all. It's already 10:45. B: Oh, I'm afraid you've just missed the last one which left 5 minutes ago.
6. What do we learn from the conversation?
A.John is not sick.
B.John is feeling better.
C.Jack hasn't been sick.
D.Jack has not got better.
A B C D
A
[解析] A: Hi, John, haven't seen you for a quite few days. I heard you've been sick. How are you feeling now? B: They must confuse me with my brother, Jack. Anyway, he is feeling better now.
7. The tone of the man is that of
A.surprise.
B.sarcasm.
C.disappointment.
D.humour.
A B C D
A
[解析] A: After the way it is being used, the photocopier is not going to make it through the rest of the year. B: The year! It's supposed to be good for four!
8. The two speakers are probably
A.in a parking ground.
B.at a ferry-crossing.
C.in a traffic jam.
D.at a petrol station.
A B C D
B
[解析] A: Look at all those cars and trucks lined up for the ferry. There must be at least 40 ahead of ours. B: True, I think it will take a quite while for us to be on board.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Questions 17 and 18 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.
2. The strikers are denied entry into the US because
A.AIDS virus has been found among them.
B.they can not get political asylum in the US.
C.the US government has refused to take them.
D.they don't accept proper medical treatment.
A B C D
A
[解析] Haitian hunger strikers at the US labor base at Guantannamo Bay, Cuba, have begun refusing all fluids and medical treatments. 15 of the 267 Haitians are at the base. 7 are prepared to die, if necessary, to force the US to admit the rest of them. The Haitians are eligible to pursue political asylum in the US, but have been barred from entry because most have the AIDS virus. The Clinton Administration says they would lift the ban on their entry, but it is not known when.
Question 19 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.
1. The US auto-makers decided to stop their action because
A.Japanese auto-makers promised to stop dumping cars in the US.
B.the Government promised to solve the US-Japan trade imbalance.
C.three US companies have ended the US-Japan trade imbalance.
D.Japan agreed to sell cars at the agreed prices inside the US.
[解析] The top three US auto-makers have decided not to proceed with plans to file a trade complaint with Japanese auto-makers. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler had planned to accuse Japanese companies of dumpling cars below market prices in the US, but they dropped the idea, citing a pledge by the Clinton Administration to address the US-Japan trade imbalance.
Questions 20 and 21 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.
2. The storms have resulted in the following EXCEPT
A.death and damage.
B.disruption of air services.
C.destruction of crops.
D.relocation of people.
A B C D
D
[解析] About 100 people are now known to have died in what has been described as "the worst storm" ever to hit the eastern US this century. The hurricane-force winds first struck the Gulf of Mexico and have now spread across the Canadian border, continuing to bring reckless snowfalls, severe flooding, and causing millions of dollars in damage. All major airports have now reopened and airlines are beginning to cope with a backlog of thousands of stranded passengers. The storm also paralyzed areas of Cuba, where several people were killed and property and crops destroyed.
Question 22 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.
1. According to the news, France was strongly criticized for
A.conducting five nuclear tests on Wednesday.
B.carrying out a series of nuclear tests in the Pacific.
C.getting disappointing results in the nuclear program.
D.refusing to sign a global treaty banning nuclear tests.
[解析] France has carried out another underground nuclear test in the South Pacific. It is the fifth in the region since September. The test was conducted at the Moruroa atoll on Wednesday. Paris has come under strong criticism for its nuclear testing programme, especially from Asia-Pacific countries. A State Department spokeswoman in Washington expressed disappointment at the latest French test. France has promised to sign a global test- ban treaty after it completes its current series of nuclear tests in the Pacific.
Questions 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.
[解析] The association representing British airline pilots says that there is an urgent need to raise levels of air safety throughout the world. In the statement the association, known as Boper, warns that unless air safety improves travelers face a perilous future. The association also said that the standard of training must be raised among fly crews and air traffic controllers as the sky has become ever more crowded.
Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.
1. What is the purpose of the meeting in Luxembourg?
A.To control patrol boats on the River Danube.
B.To end economic sanctions against Serbia.
C.To step up economic sanctions against Serbia.
D.To send police officers to search the river.
A B C D
C
2. International efforts against Serbia have been ineffective because
A.ships carrying illegal supplies still sail along the river.
B.more illegal goods have been carried over land.
C.local authorities didn't attempt to stop illegal goods.
D.there has been disagreement over economic sanctions.
A B C D
A
[解析] 24—25 The Western European Union, the defense organization linking most countries of the European Community, is meeting in Luxembourg to discuss ways to reinforce economic sanctions against the Serbs by tightening controls on the River Danube. It is expected to approve of a proposal to send patrol boats manned by armed police and customs officers with power to search and turn back ships suspected of breaking the sanctions. International efforts to isolate Serbia have been undermined by ships carrying oil and other illegal supplies from the Black Sea region along the Danube into the former Yugoslavia after ignoring attempts by the local authorities to stop them. It is reported that most of the illegal traffic of goods is believed to be arriving in Serbia over land from Greece and former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonian.
PART Ⅳ CLOZE Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Choose the best one for each blank. Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for survival in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not (26) with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws (27) an impressive 'smallfire' weaponry. They could not even defend themselves (28) running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men had attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been (29) to failure and extinction. But they were (30) with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors. In the search (31) the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had (32) efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the 'grasslands did not possess. The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far (33) the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long- distance sight was (34) another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the greater the range of sight so (35) they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not (36) . Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the ground was flat. The ape-men (37) the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk upright. This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became slower still. (38) , they persevered and their bone structure gradually became (39) to the new, unstable position that (40) them the name Homo erectus, upright man.
考点:词汇搭配知识。search作为名词时与of和for都可搭配,但略有不同。in search of为固定短语,search前不加冠词,in one's或the search for相当于in search of。make a search of some place,start/launch a search for sth.都是常用表达。
考点:词语辨析能力。accustomed表示“习惯的”、“适应的”,一般作表语,如:We are accustomed to working hard(我们习惯于努力工作).My eyes soon grew(或got) accustomed to the darkness(我的眼睛很快适应了黑暗).adapt表示“适应”时,一般用 adapt to sth.或adapt oneself to sth.的表达方式,通常暗含作出某种变化以适应新的情况。 be suited to sth.表示“适合……“的”,如:The climate there was more suited to her health(那儿的气候更适合她的健康).
15.
A.obtained
B.called
C.deserved
D.earned
A B C D
D
考点:词汇辨析能力。earn后既可以接单宾语,也可以接双宾语。call后面可以接宾语加宾语补足语。obtain和deserve后跟单宾语。earn后接双宾语时表示“(为……)博得”、“使得到”,例如:His brave act earned him the name of a hero(他的英勇行为为他赢得了英雄的名声).
PART Ⅴ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence. After__________seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager's office.
A.that
B.there
C.what
D.it
1.
A B C D
C
[解析] 考点:语法规则。what seemed an endless wait为介词after的宾语从句。what相当于something that。 [译文]在经历了一场似乎无休止的等待后,终于轮到她进入人事经理的办公室了。
2. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighbouring country,__________by the police each time.
A.had been captured
B.being always captured
C.only to be captured
D.unfortunately captured
A B C D
C
[解析] 考点:语法结构。only to do或only to be done经常出现在一个句子的末尾位置上(一般用逗号与前面的分句隔开),用来说明前面分句描述的行为所产生的后果或结果。D之所以不对,是因为过去分词短语出现在此位置上是表示一种状态,而且与前面分句中的行为动词同时发生。显然,从意思上讲,用过去分词短语是不合适的。 [译文]那三个人多次企图偷越边境进入邻国,结果每次都被警察逮捕。
3. Professor Johnson is said__________some significant advance in his research in the past year.
A.having made
B.making
C.to have made
D.to make
A B C D
C
[解析] 考点:语法结构。由于Professor Johnson去年的研究取得重大进展先于“据说”之前,故应用不定式完成式。故D不对。be said to do/have done/be为常用结构。 [译文]据说,去年约翰逊教授的研究取得了重大进展。
4. Fat cannot change into muscle__________muscle changes into fat.
A.any more than
B.no more than
C.no less than
D.much more than
A B C D
A
[解析] 考点:语法结构。A...not...any more than B...为固定结构,表示“正如A不能……,B也不能……”。另一种变体结构是:A...no more...than B...。例如: He is no more able to read Spanish than I am.(等于He is not able to read Spanish any more than l am.)。B之所以不对,是因为前面已出现了否定词not。 [译文]脂肪不能变成肌肉,就如同肌肉不会变成脂肪一样。
5. It is not so much the language__________the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.
A.but
B.nor
C.as
D.like
A B C D
C
[解析] 考点:语法结构。it is not so much A as B为固定结构,表示“与其说A,毋宁说B……” 。 [译文]与其说是语言,还不如说是文化背景使得此书晦涩难懂。
6. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than__________ in the public mind today.
8. He__________unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.
A.may have acted
B.must have acted
C.should act
D.would act
A B C D
A
[解析] 考点:情态动词及虚拟语气。may have done用来提示说话人假设某人在过去可能曾做过某事,而实际上有没有做说话人不能肯定(不过,说话人一般认为没有发生)。must have done用来提示说话人假设某人在过去曾做过某事,说话人对其假设的内容十分肯定。 [译文]他做得也许不是十分明智,但至少他在努力帮忙。
9. If you have really been studying English for so long, it's about time you__________able to write letters in English.
A.should be
B.were
C.must be
D.are
A B C D
B
[解析] 考点:习惯用法。it is (high) time sb.did sth.为固定用法,从句中动词用一般过去时。 [译文]如果你学英语真的这么长时间了,你现在应该差不多能用英语写信了。
10. He's__________as a "bellyacher"-----he's always complaining about something.
A.who is known
B.whom is known
C.what is known
D.which is known
A B C D
C
[解析] 此题考点:语法结构。what相当于something that。what is known as a“belly acher”为表语从句,用于说明he的身份、职业等。若要用A,则前面需加the one或the person。 [译文]他就是那种所谓的嘀嘀咕咕爱抱怨的人——总是怨这怨那。
11. __________, he always tries his best to complete it on time.
A.However the task is hard
B.However hard the task is
C.Though hard the task is
D.Though hard is the task
A B C D
B
[解析] 考点:语法结构。however引导让步状语从句时要与其修饰的成分(形容词或副词)一起,故A不对。though引导让步状语从句时,though位于从句起始位置上时从句后面的内容应为正常语序,故C与D不对,但当though引导的让步状语从句使用倒装结构时,其顺序是表语+though+从句主语+系动词,以本题为例,就应是Hard though the task is。 [译文]不管任务多艰难,他总是尽力按时完成。
12. Much as__________, I couldn't lend him the money because I simply didn't have that much spare cash.
A.I would have liked to
B.I would like to have
C.I should have to like
D.I should have liked to
A B C D
A
[解析] 考点:语法结构及虚拟语气。as这里引导让步状语从句,由于需要倒装,故much这一程度副词(本来位置应在like之前)移到了从句起始位置。从句中之所以使用would have liked to,是因为说话人表达了一种假设,即if I had been able to lend him the money,I would have liked to (lend the money),用虚拟语气表示假设,可以使说话人的语气变得十分委婉、真诚。此句可以重述如下:If I had been able to lend him the money,I would have liked to.But the fact is,though I would much like to,I could not because I simply didn't have that much spare cash.D不对,是因为would like to而非should like to是固定表达。如果选择项中有I would like to,也可以算对,只不过语气较A强些。 [译文]尽管我是会非常乐意借给他的,但我确实没有那么多的多余现金,所以还是不能借给他那笔钱。
13. My cousin likes eating very much but he isn't very__________about the food he eats.
25. As a developing country, we must keep__________with the rapid development of the world economy.
A.move
B.step
C.speed
D.pace
A B C D
D
[解析] 考点:词语搭配。keep pace with表示“与……齐步前进”、“与……并驾齐驱”。若用step,则需说keep in step with,表示“与……步调一致”、“跟上”。 [译文]作为一个发展中国家,他们必须跟上世界经济的迅猛发展。
PART Ⅵ READING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.
TEXT A 1 Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept. 2 We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital. 3 Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special children's hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. 4 From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher -- and that contact may be as little as two hours a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If there was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games. 5 Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as "the library lady "or just "the helper". 6 Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school, children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can. 7 Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.
3. Children in hospital usually turn to__________in order to catch up with their school work.
A.hospital teachers
B.schoolmates
C.parents
D.school teachers
A B C D
B
此题为细节理解题。据第6段第1句可知。
4. We can conclude from the passage that the author is
A.unfavourable towards children receiving education in hospitals.
B.in favour of the present state of teaching in hospitals.
C.unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teaching.
D.satisfied with the results of the latest survey.
A B C D
C
此题为细节推理题。据第1段、第5段最后1句、第6段第2句等可以推知作者的态度。作者引用最新的调查的目的也是为了表明对医院里儿童教学现状的不满。 [难点解析] ▲still less the content or quality of that education: still less表示“更不用谈”,一般用来表示否定意思,前面加逗号与前面否定句隔开。又如:I don't speak much French,still less German. ▲Little wonder:表示“难怪……”,完整的形式是It is little (或no) wonder that...。It is...that常省略。 又如:Little (No) wonder he failed in the exam. ▲worst off:为bad off的最高级,表示“最糟糕的”、“景况最不好的”。 ▲concerned:关心的
TEXT B 1 Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become "computer- literate", in other words, to learn to understand computers and what makes them tick. Not all experts agree, however, that this is a good idea. 2 One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the people and make them "people-literate". 3 David first got the idea when he visited one of America's best-known computer figure, Bob Albrecht, in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Computertown USA in the local library, and the local children used to call round every Wednesday to borrow some time on the computers there, instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way. 4 Over here, in Britain, Computertowns have taken off in a big way, and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most successful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important difference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater for the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get together and eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers available for them to experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any questions; they are not told what to do, they find out. 5 David Tebbutt finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working side by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people really want to know. In some Computertowns there are question sessions, rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and then try to work out some structure to answer them. People are not having to learn computer jargons, but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; the computers are becoming "people - literate".
1. According to David Tebbutt, the purpose of Computertown UK is to
4. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computertowns?
A.Experts give lectures and talks on computers.
B.Experts are on hand to answer people's questions.
C.People are left to discover computers on their own.
D.There are computers around for people to practise on.
A B C D
A
此题为细节归纳题。据第4段第5句可排除C和D。据第5段第3句可排除B。文中无相关信息支持A。 [难点解析] ▲tick:(口语用词)工作,开始起作用 ▲“guru”figure:“精神领袖”般的人物,权威人物 ▲Computertowns have taken off in a big way:电脑城已开始走红。take off此处表示“开始流行”。 ▲structure:结构,条理 ▲jargon:行话,术语
TEXT C 1 There must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided as on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can leave the body to regulate these matters for itself. "The answer is easy," says Dr. A. Burton. "With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings." If he is right many people must be undersleeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a greater inertia than others. This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they are reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue. 2 Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To quote one medical opinion, "Thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep;the reason is not that they can't sleep." Like advancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a point in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue. 3 Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asserts:"It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the majority sleep too much. "One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity to retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to work and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span is to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the van of this advance.
1. The author seems to indicate that
A.there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleep.
B.among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversial.
C.people are now moving towards solving many controversial issues.
D.the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctors.
此题为一般推理题。在本文中,作者一共评论了有关睡眠量问题的三种不同观点,即 Dr.Burton的身体自我调节观、睡眠不足观(即需增加睡眠)以及Dr.Roberts的睡眠过量观(即需减少睡眠)。作者对这三种观点一一进行了点评,但并没有提出自己关于这一有争议的问题的完整观点,故选A,而排除B、C和D。 ▲There must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided as on that of how much sleep we ought to have:这是一个比较分句。that指代question。此句的意思是:几乎没有什么问题能像我们该睡多长时间这个问题一样引发如此重大的观点分歧。responsible此处表示“重要的”、“责任重大的”。 ▲They switch on slowly,and they are reluctant to switch off:这里作者打了个比方,其意图是说有些人早上醒得很慢,然后又不愿起床。 ▲fatigue:疲劳。可作名词也可作形容词。fatigued为过去分词。 ▲Like advancing colonists,we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs,pushing the boundary back:发表此观点的医生此处将人们减少睡眠比作开拓“殖民地”,其意思是不断增加工作时间,减少睡眠时间。根据这一观点,这是不妥的做法。 ▲jeopardize:使……处于危险中 ▲to complete the picture:相当于to give a full complete account of the matter or idea或者to take all into consideration。 ▲retard:阻滞,延缓 ▲in the van of:处于……的领先地位
TEXT D 1 Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semipermanent change of residence." This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or across a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal migration within nations, although such movements often exceed international movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants. 2 Students of human migration speak of "push" and "pull" factors, which influence an individual's decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficult in finding a suitable job, or as traumatic as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influence their choice of destination). 3 Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic, such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the United States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well- being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerations of this sort lead to the development of migration flow. 4 Besides push and pull factors, there are what the sociologists call "intervening obstacles". Even if push and/or pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival. 5 The decision to move is also influenced by "personal factors"of the potential migrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another. 6 Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.
1. The author thinks that pull factors
A.are all related to economic considerations.
B.are not as decisive as push factors.
C.include a range of considerations.
D.are more important than push factors.
A B C D
C
此题为细节理解题。据第3段第2句以及倒数第2句可排除A,确定C。原文无相关信息支持B或D。
2. People's decisions to migrate might be influenced by all the following EXCEPT
SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING In this section there are seven passages with a total of ten multiple-choice questions.Skim or scan them as required and then answer the questions.
TEXT E
1. Flat 24 Park Mansions Newbury Road The Manager Reliable Motors Ltd 876 Meadow Street
14th May 199___ Dear Sir, I am writing to you concerning the Bernster Special 150 SL that I bought from you two weeks ago. The car has now developed the following faults: 1.The steering wheel is loose. 2.The hand brake does not work. 3.Oil is leaking from the engine. 4.The driver's door does not close properly. Will you please telephone me and we can arrange for you to collect the car. Unless you can put the car in perfect working order, I am afraid I shall report your company to the Consumers' Association. Yours faithfully, Tony Lockwood This is a letter of
A.inquiry.
B.complaint.
C.explanation.
D.introduction.
A B C D
B
此题为快速浏览题。据书信正文的最后部分可知。
TEXT F
1. Online shopping (网上购物) has become a major force in retailing this year with more than US $1 billion in Christmas season sales, industry analysts say. The figure for the holiday tops the total for Internet shopping in all of 1996. Online shopping for the holiday season remained just a drop in the ocean of the estimated US $ 450 billion spent by US consumers. But the figure is growing rapidly. International Data Corporation, a market research group, predicts the World Wide Web (万维网) population will reach almost 100 million by 1998 and that online commerce will grow to more than US $ 20 billion. The passage is mainly about
A.Christmas sales.
B.retailing business.
C.Internet population.
D.online shopping.
A B C D
D
此题为快速浏览题。据新闻报道的第1段(导语或提要)可判断。
TEXT G
1. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is taking steps to protect the country's blood supply. People give blood to the centres, where it is kept until it is needed for medical purposes. The FDA has provided new rules for the blood centres. The government agency says new rules are designed to improve the blood supply system. The new rules call for blood centres to develop more ways to make sure their work is done correctly. These rules are another way to help keep the blood supply pure. A leading concern is that someone with AIDS virus might give blood to a blood centre. For this reason, there are tests to find out if blood contains viruses that cause AIDS and other diseases. The passage discusses the aim of
A.the organization.
B.blood centres in the USA.
C.FDA new rules.
D.AIDS prevention.
A B C D
C
此题为快速浏览题。据新闻报道的提要可迅速获知。
TEXT H
1. NEW HORIZONS Are you looking for something interesting to do? Then why not work abroad for a year or two? We have jobs in most parts of the world - including Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia. We have jobs for teachers, doctors, nurses, engineers, car mechanics and many others. Why not see the world? We cannot offer you very much money, but the work is interesting. You can learn another language and work with people, too. For more information write to us at: NEW HORIZONS JOB CENTER. 110 Spring Gardens. London SW1 7BC Please send your personal information (date of birth, educational qualifications, interests, experiences, etc. ) The passage advertises overseas
A.jobs.
B.studies.
C.travel.
D.aid.
A B C D
A
此题为快速浏览题。据广告写作特点可迅速获知。
TEXT I HEALTH AMBULANCE SERVICE In All Emergencies Dial 999 St John Ambulance: Berkshire County Office - ST John Centre Church Rd, Woodley, Reading, RG5 4QN. 0734 442456. For details of first aid at work unit contact 0734 442675. Oxfordshire - St John House High St, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 2DN. 08675 559478: Association; 08675 564499: Brigad, ambulance, home nursing, loan of medical equipment and first aid at work unit. BLOOD DONORS For information contact-- Oxford Regional Blood Transfusion Service: John Radcliffe Hospital Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU. 0865 642831 HOSPITALS Royal Berkshire Hospital: London Rd, Reading, RG1 5AN. 0734 875111. (Accident and emergency patients to South Wing).
1. Which number would you dial for home nursing?
A.0734 442456.
B.0734 442675.
C.08675 559478.
D.08675 564499.
A B C D
D
此题为跳读题。可以home nursing为关键词在St.John Ambulance栏目中查寻。
2. Blood donors are advised to contact
A.Berkshire county office.
B.St John Ambulance.
C.John Radcliffe Hospital.
D.Royal Berkshire Hospital.
A B C D
C
此题为跳读题。可在BLOOD DONORS一栏中查寻。
TEXT J SPECIAL OFFER from $ 799 HONG KONG Enjoy 5 nights in Hong Kong from $ 799 New World Harbour View: Superior lst class hotel in good location on Hong Kong Island. Superb swimming pool, tennis courts, restaurants, bars. Rooms with harbour view and airconditioning, tea/coffee making facilities, minibar, TV, bath and shower. Departure dates: Price: 02,10 Mar $ 799 09,16 Mar $ 849 17 Mar $ 829 27 Apr, 04, 18 May $ 999 The price includes: Return flights. 5 nts accom (no meals). Transfers. Prices are per person sharing a twin room. Not included: UK dept tax. Local dept tax. Optional insurance: $ 30. To book, telephone: (open daily inc Sat/Sun) Tel: 01306 774300 Fax: 01306 740328
1. If you leave for Hong Kong on March 16th, you pay
A.$ 799.
B.$ 849.
C.$ 829.
D.$ 969.
A B C D
B
此题为跳读题。可在Departure dates和Prices对应栏目中查寻。
2. What is NOT included in the price?
A.Local dept tax.
B.Return flights.
C.Transfers.
D.Accommodation.
A B C D
A
此题为跳读题。在黑体字The price includes一栏中查寻。
TEXT K FIRE INSTRUCTIONS THE PERSON DISCOVERING A FIRE WILL: 1.OPERATE THE NEAREST FIRE ALARM. 2.ATTACK THE FIRE WITH AVAILABLE EQUIPMENT, IF IT IS SAFE TO DO SO. FIRE ALARM BELLS The Fire Alarm Bells will ring either in the area of A Block or in the area of B Block and C Block. Those in the area where the Alarm Bells are ringing should take action as indicated below. Others should continue with their work. ON HEARING YOUR FIRE ALARM: 1.Those in class: will go to the Assembly Area under instructions given by the teacher. 2.Those elsewhere: will go to the Assembly Area by the most sensible route, and stay near the Head of their Department. ASSEMBLY AREA The Assembly Area is the playing field which is south of the Sports Hall. Here names will be checked. PROCEDURE 1.Move quietly. 2.Do NOT stop to collect your personal belongings. 3.Do NOT attempt to pass others on your way to the Assembly Area. 4.Do NOT use the lift. FIRE ALARMS Fire Alarms are situated as follows. 1.A Block At the Reception Desk; at east end of connecting corridor; outside the kitchen door. 2.B Block At the bottom of both stairways and on each landing. 3.C Block Inside entrance lobby of Sports Hall.
1. On hearing the fire alarm, those in class should go to