1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Problems about Reducing Students' Heavy Burden. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1.目前学生负担过重的现状; 2.导致学生负担过重的原因; 3.减轻学生负担过重的措施。
Problems about Reducing Students' Heavy Burden
Nowadays, students' heavy burden makes them so nervous that it does harm to their health. It is not difficult to find out too many problems appearing in our society: some students give up study, even kill themselves; some others go to kill their parents or their teachers because they can't bear any more. The factors that lead to students' heavy burden are the following three: firstly, it is because of educational system. Such system forces students to learn too much complex but useless information. Secondly, schools only quest for higher rate of entering schools. In order to get higher rate, schools try their best to do more training so that students can't have their spare time. Thirdly, parents have good wishes. Parents do not want their children to fall in the future competition. They have no other way but to send their children to attend more training classes. It becomes urgent to reduce students' heavy burden now. In my own opinion, it is important to change the educational system into high quality education system, to reduce the content of the training, to change the way of evaluating education quality, to change parents' and society's attitude towards talents. All these are the basic ways that help reduce students' heavy burden.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1—7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). For questions 8—10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Pollution: A Life and Death Issue
One of the main themes of planet under pressure is the way many of the Earth's environmental crises reinforce one another. Pollution is an obvious example—we do not have the option of growing food, or finding enough water, on a squeaky-clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far. Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Yet time and again it is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mess in the first place. Living in a way that is less damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening. Air: the World Health Organization (WHO) says three million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors through using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries. Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Each year 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal(痢疾的) diseases associated with poor water. Soil: contaminated land is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used for dumping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico. Chronic Problem Chemicals are a frequent pollutant. When we think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal that come to mind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 7%—20% of cancers are attributable to poor air and pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build up in the body, especially in the young, says we may "be conducting a large-scale experiment with children's health". Some man-made chemicals, endocrine(内分泌) disruptors like phthalates(酞酸盐) and nonylphenol—a breakdown product of spermicides(杀精子剂), cosmetics and detergents are blamed for causing changes in the genitals of some animals. Affected species include polar bears—so not even the Arctic is immune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us. About 70000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1 500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30000 are thought never to have been comprehensively tested for their possible risks to people. At first glance, the plastic buckets stacked in the comer of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor community's fight against oil companies which they say are responsible for widespread ill-health caused by years of pollution. The vessels are used by a network of local volunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which they believe is coming from the plants. In South Africa, as in many developing and newly industrialized countries, legislation on air pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick. Trade-off But the snag is that modem society demands many of them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize there will be trade-offs to be made. The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system, but can also be effective against malaria(疟疾). Where does the priority lie? The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it has caused. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit. Another complication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors, or between states which do not share a border. Perhaps the best example is climate change—the countries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone. For One and All One of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simple—the polluter pays. Sometimes it is obvious who is to blame and who must pay the price, but it is not always straightforward to work out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution. One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer. Previous generations worked on the assumption that discarding our waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths. We now think that is too risky because, as one author wrote, "there's no such place as ' away', and there's no such person as the 'other'. " Irritating Air Despite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, carried out by Durban's Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a U. S. university, found that an abnormally high 52% of students and teachers at a primary school bordering the Engen plant suffered from asthma (哮喘). It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children. The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue that researchers were unable to establish a causal link between air pollution and the high prevalence of asthma among the school population. For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a particular plant. Mr. Peek, who grew up beneath Engen's stacks, says the activists are now considering taking action against the authorities. "We are now looking at suing the government on constitutional grounds, for failing to ensure our right to protection from a harmful environment as stipulated in the constitution, " he said. Legislative Change A new batch(批) of environmental laws, the National Air Quality Management Act, has just been passed by the South African parliament to replace outdated 1965 legislation with tighter controls and tougher sanctions. Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to improve the situation. "I share the anger and frustration of this community. It is long overdue, " he told the South African Broadcasting Corporation. The local authorities have also established a "Multi-Point Plan" for the area. They say it is a powerful model for tackling pollution and points to a 40% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in recent years.
1. According to World Health Organization, how many people are killed by outdoor air pollution?
A.3 million.
B.2.1 million.
C.1.6 million.
D.3.2 million.
A B C D
A
细节题。根据题干信息词World Health Organization定位到第三段Air: the World Health Organization(WHO) says three million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions(世界卫生组织公布,全世界每年有300万人死于室外空气污染),故选A。
2. Land can be polluted by ______ from agriculture.
A.heavy metals
B.pesticides and nitrate-poor fertilizers
C.slurry from livestock
D.rubbish
A B C D
C
细节题。根据题干信息词Land can be polluted定位到第五段第三句话Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides,nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock(来自农业的杀虫剂、富含硝酸盐的化肥以及家畜带来的泥浆都会污染土地),故选C。
3. What kind of animal affected by man-made chemicals is not referred to in the passage?
A.Polar bears.
B.Mammals.
C.People.
D.Birds.
A B C D
D
细节题。根据题干信息词man-made chemicals和affected定位到第一个小标题下第二段末句Affected species include polar bears-so not even the Arctic is immune; and the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals,and to us(受人造化学制品影响的物种包括北极熊、从鱼到哺乳动物的生物链,也包括人,未提到鸟),故选D。
4. What do local residents claim for?
A.They are sick because of years of pollution.
B.They are sick because of industries on their doorsteps.
C.They are sick because of pesticides from agriculture.
D.They are sick because of air pollution.
A B C D
B
细节题。根据题干信息词local residents定位到第一个小标题下的第五段末句So local residents,like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick(当地居民声称他们家附近的工业导致他们生病),故选B。
5. The pesticide DDT can be effective against ______.
A.malaria
B.wildlife
C.animals
D.human nervous system
A B C D
A
细节题。根据题干信息词The pesticide DDT定位到第二个小标题下的第二段The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system, but can also be effective against malaria(疟疾)(杀虫剂DDT会伤害野生动植物并且能影响人类的神经系统,但对预防疟疾是很有效的),故选A。
6. There is a U. N. convention that can cover ______.
A.problems between neighbors
B.problems between states which do not share a border
C.problems on air pollution
D.trans-boundary air pollution
A B C D
D
细节题。根据题干信息词a U.N. convention定位到第二个小标题末段第二句话There is a U. N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors, or between states which do not share a border(联合国在跨边界的空气污染上有协定,但是不包括邻国之间出现的每个问题,也不包括不接壤的国家之间出现的问题),故选D。
7. What is not said to be a way of cleaning up after ourselves?
A.Throw less away.
B.Design recycled products.
C.Don't use it again.
D.Last longer.
A B C D
C
细节题。根据题干信息词a way of cleaning up after ourselves定位到第三个小标题第二段One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer(清洁的方法可以是少丢弃一些,设计可循环或使用持久一些的产品),未提到不再使用,故选C。
8. It found that increases in air pollution tended to ______.
aggravate asthma symptoms in children
细节题。根据题干定位到第四个小标题首段末句It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children(空气污染的增加恶化孩子的哮喘症状),故得答案。
9. According to Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by ______.
pollution coming from a particular plant
细节题。根据题干定位到第四个小标题第三段末句But,according to...prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a particular plant(证明疾病是由来自某种植物的污染造成的),故得答案。
10. Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to ______.
improve the situation
细节题。根据题干定位到倒数第二段首句Martinus van Schalkwyk...said there were measures in place to improve the situation(环境和观光事业部长Schalkwyk参观了德尔班南部的盆地,并指出还是有措施可以改善现状的),故得答案。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
[解析] W: The competition scheduled for today has been cancelled. The hours I've spent preparing for it are totally wasted. M: Not really. As far as I know, it's been put off till next week. Q: What does the man mean?
[解析] W: I certainly would like to buy the fur coat I saw in the department store, but I don't have enough money. M: Well. If you have budgeted your money better, you'll be able to buy it now. Q: What does the man imply?
女士说她很想买一件毛皮大衣,但是自己的钱不够。男士说如果女士做了很好的预算,那么她现在一定可以买了。对话中budgeted your money与选项中balancing the payments对应。
3.
A.It is based on a lot of research.
B.It can be finished in a few weeks' time.
C.It has drawn criticism from lots of people.
D.It falls short of her supervisor's expectations.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: Sherry, how are you doing with your paper? W: Oh, my paper. That's something I definitely don't want to talk about right now. I finished my first draft some time ago. But my professor said I should change a topic. Q: What do we learn from the conversation about the woman's paper?
[解析] W: I can't believe Karen is late for such an important occasion as a job interview. I reminded her again and again yesterday. M: You should have known her better by now. Everything you tell her goes in one ear and out the other. Q: What does the man imply?
女士说她不相信Karen在如此重要的一次面试中迟到了,因为她提醒了Karen好多遍。男士说她应该早就了解Karen了,对于别人说的话Karen总是一个耳朵进一个耳朵出,原文中goes in one ear and out the other对应选项中的forgetful。
5.
A.The man will go into business after high school.
B.The woman is not happy with the man's decision.
C.The man wants to be a business manager.
D.The woman is working in a kindergarten.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: After high school, I'd like to go to college and major in business administration. I really like power and enjoy telling people what to do. W: You're very ambitious. But I'd rather spend my college days finding out what children are interested in. Child's psychology is for me. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
男士说他高中毕业后要在大学主修工商管理专业,他非常喜欢权力并乐于指挥别人。女士赞扬了男士的雄心,并表示自己更愿意在大学期间找到孩子们的兴趣点,她认为少儿心理学更适合自己。enjoy telling people what to do与business manager相对应。
[解析] M: It seems the restaurants here have little business these days. W: That's true. But ours is a scenic resort. And this is not the busy season. When summer comes, you'll see armies of tourists wailing in line in order to get a seat. Q: What do we learn from the conversation about the restaurant?
[解析] W: Oh, Dick. You are wearing a black jacket but yellow trousers. It's the strangest combination I've ever seen. M: I know. I got up late and dressed in a hurry. I didn't realize my mistake until I entered the office. Q: What does the woman think of the way Dick dressed?
[解析] M: Excuse me. But has anyone turned in a brown leather wallet? I've lost my wallet. It contains my driver's license and also some family pictures. W: Oh, yes. We had a wallet brought in this morning. Wait here just a minute, please. Q: What would the woman probably do?
[解析] 19-21 M: Imagine growing up and never knowing that you had a sister and one day, finding out you have an identical twin out there. This very thing happened to our guest Elyse Schein. W: That's right. I was living in Paris. I grew up knowing I was adopted, (19) but it wasn't till my early 30s when I sought information about my birth mother. And I got a letter from an adoption agency, saying my birth mother wasn't looking for me, but I had a twin. M: And what did you feel like when that kind of news came to you? W: My life was raising before my eyes! So I came to New York where we were born, and I gave the native adoption agency a call and they said they would help me find her. W: Is that common policy for the adoption agency to help hook up siblings? M: It's funny. It was such an unusual situation, and I don't think there is any sort of policy about it. But back when we were adopted, it was not a common policy to separate twins. (20) In fact, we were separated into part to participate in a secret study. W: People were studying in your upbringing? M: Well, we were studied from the time that we went to a foster home before we were adopted. (21) There were other sets of twins who were studied until they were teenagers and their families knew that they were participating in a child studies. But they didn't know that their children were actually multiples. W: It's your guys' birthday. Right? M: It's our 4th birthday together. W: Alright, both of you together blow up the candles. Best of luck to you ! 19. What did the woman do in her early 30s?
在对话中,女士提到but it wasn't till my early 30s when I sought information about my birth mother.“在我三十出头的时候我开始寻找我的生母”。由此可知,女士是从这时候起开始寻找自己的家庭成员。
10.
A.The policy said that twins must be adopted separately.
B.The adopting family only wanted to accept one child.
C.Their birth mother asked for separate adoption.
D.Some researchers were studying on them.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why were the woman and her twin sister adopted separately?
在对话中,女士提到In fact, we were separated into part to participate in a secret study.“我们之所以被分开收养是因为我们参与了一项秘密研究”。
11.
A.Foster families of adopted children.
B.Only the woman and her twin sister.
C.Several twins in adoption agency.
D.Adopted children's birth parents.
A B C D
C
[解析] Who participated in the study?
在对话中,女士提到There were other sets of twins who were studied until they were teenagers and their families knew that they were participating in a child studies.“还有其他的一些双胞胎也是研究对象,直到他们十几岁的时候,收养他们的家庭才知道他们正在参与一项研究。”
Questions 22 to 25 are bused on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] 22-25 W: Look at these clothes designed by top fashion designer like Versace, Calvin Klein, and Vivienne Westwood. What do you think of them? M: Well, they look lovely, but they're not very practical. I mean, would you wear that dress to the office or walking down the street? W: I know what you mean. People would stare at you in amazement if you wore something like that in an everyday situation. I suppose only extravagant rich people wear them at cocktail parties. M: Maybe. I'm not sure why they have fashion shows like this. (22) Hardly anyone will buy those clothes. The clothes you see are nothing like the ones that ordinary people wear. It seems like a waste of money. W: I think that the designers hold these fashion shows for a few reasons. First, it's just like a big party. They can meet each other and network. (23) The other thing is that it is great advertising. All the journalists and photographers are there. Thirdly, it gives them a chance to show what they would like to see people wearing. M: You meant it's an expression of their fantasies? W: Yes. I think the designers are saying that these clothes are what they would like to see people wear if those people weren't concerned with what other people might think. In a way, the designers are saying "don't worry about what others think. Wear what you like!" M: (24) Very philosophical. I think they design these clothes more for publicity. They try to see who can be the most extreme and outrageous, but still stylish. W: (25) Come on. All this fashion has reminded me that I want to buy some clothes. 22. What is the man's opinion of fashion clothes?
在对话中男士提到Hardly anyone will buy those clothes,“我觉得根本不会有人买这些衣服”,由此可知,男士认为这些服装并不会在市场上受欢迎。
13.
A.To compete with other designers.
B.To advocate self-identity.
C.To sell their clothes.
D.To show off their own tastes.
A B C D
B
[解析] Why do designers have fashion shows according to the woman?
在对话中女士提到The other thing is that it is great advertising. All the journalists and photographers are there. Thirdly, it gives them a chance to show what they would like to see people wearing.“更重要的是这是很好的广告,所有的杂志记者和摄影师都会聚集在此。另外,这是他们展示他们对人们穿着看法的一次机会。”由此可知,女士认为服装秀是设计师们展现自我的机会。
14.
A.He doesn't agree with the woman.
B.He can't understand the woman.
C.He thinks the woman's words are reasonable.
D.He is angry with the woman's words.
A B C D
A
[解析] How does the man think of the woman's words about fashion designers?
在对话中男士提到very philosophical. I think they design these clothes more for publicity. They try to see who can be the most extreme and outrageous, but still stylish.“太深奥了。我觉得他们设计这些服装是为了宣传,他们就是想比一比谁最奇特、谁最怪异,但却时尚。”这是男士对女士所发表的有关时装秀评论的回答。实 际上男士说的“太深奥了”含有讽刺的意味。男士实际上并不认同女士所说的话。
15.
A.Wait for another fashion show.
B.Go back home with her husband.
C.Go to clothes departments.
D.Buy some fashion clothes on the show.
A B C D
C
[解析] What will the woman probably do?
在对话结尾中,女士说Come on. All this fashion has reminded me that I want to buy some clothes.“唉呀,这些时装倒是提醒我该买衣服了。”由此可知,他们接下来将会去服装店买衣服。
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are bused on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 26-29 Most people believe that regular hand-washing is the best way to prevent infections. And they're right: hand-washing does prevent certain infections, but too much washing can actually help some infections along. What's going on7 Right now, there are millions of bacteria from hundreds of different species happily residing on your hands, not to mention your teeth, gums, eyes and ears. (26) Washing your hands helps remove the bacteria that are just visiting from foreign places like the sink, the door and even other people's hands. However, washing couldn't remove your hands' own resident bacteria, which is really terrible. While it's hard to imagine your hands as a bacterial homeland, these residents are perfectly normal and are important in maintaining your health. (27) They, help prevent the other bacteria from settling in, and each resident keeps other residents from overpopulating. If you scrub your skin too frequently, especially with anti-bacterial soap, you could upset resident bacteria, leading to the overpopulation of certain species and local skin infections. Scrubbing away residents might also let the other bacteria which come from foreign places move in and cause disease. Finally, over-washing could break down the skin itself. (28) This allows harmless skin residents to go beneath the skin, where they can become dangerous. So, while a good wash with soap and water is still a great idea, over-washing might lead to some unpleasant symptoms. (29) In conclusion. it is not wrong to keep your hands clean by washing them as often as possible, but what is more important is try to make it reasonable and scientific. 26. What can be removed by washing hands.?
文章中提到Washing your hands helps remove the bacteria that are just visiting from foreign places.“洗手可以帮助我们洗掉刚刚来自外界的细菌。”
2.
A.Because they prevent the bacteria from overgenerating.
B.Because they can keep your hands clean.
C.Because they let other bacteria move in.
D.Because they can help cure some disease.
A B C D
A
[解析] Why are resident bacteria important in maintaining your health.?
文章中提到They help prevent the other bacteria from settling in, and each resident keeps other residents from overpopulating,“它们可以防止其他细菌侵入,而且每个寄生细菌都可防止其他寄生细菌的过度繁殖”。
3.
A.Skin residents will be removed.
B.Skin residents will go beneath the skin.
C.Resident bacteria will be killed.
D.Other bacteria will move in.
A B C D
B
[解析] What will happen after skin is broken down by over-washing?
文章中提到,在皮肤因清洗过度而受损后,皮肤上的无害寄生物会深入到皮肤的下面而变得有害。
4.
A.We shouldn't use anti-bacterial soap any more.
B.We must wash our hands reasonably and scientifically.
C.We should wash our hands less than before.
D.We should wash our hands as much as possible.
A B C D
B
[解析] What does the speaker say about washing hands?
在文章结尾处提到,尽可能多地洗手并没有错,但更为重要的是让洗手变得更合理化和科学化。
Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 30-32 (30) If you have ever driven in Los Angeles, you know that people don't cooperate terribly well. Traffic jams, folks cutting folks off, people shouting at you out their windows.., it's a real headache. We would all do a lot better—at least, we would all move through the traffic jam a lot faster—if we were ants. Why ants, you may ask. That's what Ian Couzin of Princeton University wanted to know. You may have seen films of huge numbers of South American Army Ants moving across the grass on raids and coming back with all sorts of things to eat. So why don't they all crash into each other and suffer the traffic jam the way humans do? (31) One answer Couzin found is that army ants follow a simple procedure: everybody coming home has the right-of-way. It results in a stream of home-going ants passing unobstructed through the center of a crowd of out-going ants. Among other things, this means raiding parties can go any direction from the anthill, because nobody has to remember some complicated rule about turning left or turning right. Also, the guys bringing home the things will always be protected on both sides by out-going ants. Would this work in Los Angeles? Probably not. (32) Thousands of human beings just can't be made to follow a behavioral rule like that. Somebody would try to get a little bit ahead, then somebody else would see that and get angry, and pretty soon, you're back to Los Angeles traffic. For better or worse, people don't think like ants. 30. What would you face while driving in Los Angeles?
[解析] 33-35 Did you ever wonder what happens when something funny happens? I mean, what is this thing we have in our brains that makes us say "ha-ha" when someone slips on a banana? One way to find out is to watch the brain laugh. That's pretty much what scientist William Kelley did. He and his team had a number of volunteers watch an episode of a comedy while being monitored by an MRI—that's a machine that allows researchers to see which parts of the brain are active at any given time. They then compared the MRI data with the laugh track to see how the brain changes when it's registering something funny. There's no one "funny center" in the brain—but the findings were pretty helpful. (33) When subjects were looking at something funny, the first thing that happened was that two regions in their left hemispheres lit up. From previous studies these regions are known to be associated. Is there something in "getting it" that's related to the process by which we work with unclear information until we suddenly see the pattern in it? (34) A couple of seconds later two other brain regions became active. (35) One of them is associated with emotion, so it seems likely that this is the brain feeling good when it gets the joke—the "ha-ha" response. The other one is associated with memory formation. As the researchers point out, while you may not be able to remember every plot detail in a comedy episode, you can probably remember the jokes. Humor stays with us, funning a lasting memory. 33. What happens first to the brain when one is looking at something funny?
文章中间部分提到当人在看到某种滑稽的东西时,其左脑中的两个区域会首先产生反应。
9.
A.Two brain regions start to work.
B.One brain region is associated with emotion.
C.One brain region is associated with memory formation.
D.Every plot detail is remembered by the brain.
A B C D
A
[解析] What happens a couple of seconds after people look at something funny?
文章中提到,在人看到有趣的东西几秒钟之后,脑中另外两个区域会变得活跃。
10.
A.Because there is a funny center in the brain.
B.Because it is funny enough to make us laugh.
C.Because many regions in the brain are associated.
D.Because one region associated with emotion becomes active.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why do people make a "ha-ha" response after looking at something funny?
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. John Wooden died last Friday at the age of ninety-nine. He was one of the greatest twentieth-century Americans in sports. He was an 1 college basketball player. He led Purdue University to a national 2 in 1932. After college he was a high school 3 He also taught English for nine years. But where he really made his 4 was at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was head coach of men's basketball for twenty-seven years. His teams won a 5 of ten national championships. These included seven in a row during the late nineteen sixties and early seventies. The Bruins have won just one other championship since then. John Wooden was 6 for how he taught the basics of the game, like passing, 7 and moving without the ball. But he also offered life lessons as a speaker and author. His books included the 8 guide Pyramid of Success. 9 . He says, "I was raised on a small farm in southern Indiana and Dad tried to teach me and my brothers that you should never try to be better than someone else. 10 . That's under your control. " Those words later helped him with his own definition of success. 11 . The current coach calls John Wooden "the greatest coach in the history of basketball".
[解析] 36-46 John Wooden died last Friday at the age of ninety-nine. He was one of the greatest twentieth-century Americans in sports. He was an excellent college basketball player. He led Purdue University to a national championship in 1932. After college he was a high school coach He also taught English for nine years. But where he really made his mark was at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was head coach of men's basketball for twenty-seven years. His teams won a record of ten national championships. These included seven in a row during the late nineteen sixties and early seventies. The Bruins have won just one other championship since then. John Wooden was praised for how he taught the basics of the game, like passing, defense and moving without the ball. But he also offered life lessons as a speaker and author. His books included the self-improvement guide Pyramid of Success. At a speaking event when he was already in his nineties, he explained that his father had taught him a few things about success. He says, "I was raised on a small farm in southern Indiana and Dad tried to teach me and my brothers that you should never try to be better than someone else. Always learn from others and never cease trying to be the best you could be . That's under your control. " Those words later helped him with his own definition of success. At his university, the man known simply as “coach” had a record of 620 wins and 147 losses . The current coach calls John Wooden "the greatest coach in the history of basketball".
At a speaking event when he was already in his nineties, he explained that his father had taught him a few things about success
10.
Always learn from others and never cease trying to be the best you could be
11.
At his university, the man known simply as “coach” had a record of 620 wins and 147 losses
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. The strain of avian influenza virus that has led to the deaths of 140 million birds and 60 people in Asia in the past two years appears to be slowly acquiring genetic Changes typical of the "Spanish flu" virus that killed 50 million people nearly a century ago, researchers said yesterday. How far the "bird flu" virus has traveled down the evolutionary path to becoming a pandemic virus is unknown. Nor is it certain that the much-feared strain, designated as influenza A/H5N1, will ever acquire all the genetic features necessary for rapid, worldwide spread. Nevertheless, the similarities between the Spanish flu virus of 1918 and the H5N1 strain slowly spreading through Asia provide unusually concrete evidence of how dangerous the newer virus is. At least four of its eight genes now contain mutations seen in the deadly strain that circled the globe during and after World War Ⅰ. The comparison of the old and new flu viruses is the first practical use of a science use of a science-fiction-like scenario that concluded yesterday with the release of two papers, one by the journal, Science and the other by its chief competitor, Nature. After 10 years of work, Taubenberger and his team succeeded in reconstructing the Spanish flu virus, which was responsible for the deadliest epidemic since the Black Death of the Middle Ages. Reborn in the mid-August at a high-security laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, the pathogen(病原体) appears in animal experiments to be as lethal as it was in human 87 years ago. The report came as the United States, many other countries and the World Health Organization are making increasingly urgent preparations for a new flu pandemic. The Department of Health and Human Services is stockpiling antiviral drugs and is buying enough experimental bird flu vaccine to inoculate 20 million people. President Bush (the former President of America) said in a news conference this week that he is considering the use of the military to enforce quarantines, if necessary, and that the government's long-awaited pandemic plan will be released soon. What makes the accomplishment reported yesterday so remarkable is that no intact samples of the Spanish flu virus exist. When the pandemic occurred in 1918 and early 1919—only American Samoa and parts of Iceland appear to have been spared—microbiologists did not know for certain what caused it (The influenza virus was not identified until 1933). Although biologists were later able to deduce the broad family of influenza viruses the 1918 strain came from, its genetic identity was lost.
1. How important is it to find the similarities between the 1918 Spanish flu virus and the Asian avian influenza virus?
It proves how dangerous the newer virus is.
本题问的是发现西班牙流感病毒和亚洲禽流感病毒的相似性的重要意义,定位到第三段中的“Nevertheless,the similarities... provide unusually concrete evidence of how dangerous the newer virus is.”
2. What journals published two papers comparing the two viruses?
Science and Nature.
答案见第四段。
3. After Taubenberger and his colleagues worked 10 years, the great success they have achieved is that ______.
they reconstructed the Sparush flu virus
此题题干与第五段首句意思相近。本题需填入that引导的表语从句,故将原文的动名词结构reconstructing the Spanish flu virus转换成主谓结构。
4. As part of the official preparations for bird flu, the U. S. government will soon ______.
release a long-awaited pandemic plan
见第六段中的“…if necessary,and that the government's long-awaited pandemic plan will be released soon.”据题干要求,将本段末尾句的宾语被动式从句结构转换为主动式。
5. During and after World War I ,the whole world was affected by the pandemic except ______.
American Samoa and parts of Iceland
题中的During and after World War Ⅰ与in 1918 and early 1919同义,定位末段的第二句,将原文中的主语用作此题中介词except的宾语,从而得到答案。
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section, each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One For nearly half of my professional career, I was wrong about how to help students achieve. I had the wrong focus, made inaccurate assumptions, used faulty logic, and came to the wrong conclusions about how to increase students' achievement. Although a high percentage of students persisted in and graduated from the programs in which I worked, they seldom became top achievers. Here is where and how I went wrong. I designed procedures to identify the students who were least prepared so that we could build programs and services that would help more students achieve. I assumed that there were certain levels of preparation that students needed in order to succeed: that if students met or exceeded these preparation levels, everything would take care of itself; that if students were prepared and met the expectations of their professors, then the normal courses of study and interactions with faculty would be sufficient to help students accomplish their goals. Believing that student success depended on acquiring certain skills and knowledge, I used a combination of standardized tests, institutionally developed instruments, and interview procedures to get a clear picture of whether each student was prepared or underprepared. This was good practice in many ways, but I eventually came to see that I had structured my practice with the tenets of the Deficit Remediation Educational Model, which has been predominant in education for decades and remains the most prevalent approach in use today. This model assumes that the first and most important thing to do is to "fix" the student. Programs and services based on this model are dedicated to helping students achieve by first diagnosing student needs, problems, ignorance, concerns, defects, and deficits. Those who use the Deficit Remediation Educational Model have the challenge of designing classes, workshops, programs, and services to help students improve in areas in which they are underprepared. Based on the diagnosis, participation in remedial programs and services is often required. Students are usually prevented from pursuing other areas of study and from pursuing their interests until their "deficits" have been removed and their "problems" have been overcome. Typically, if students are unable to overcome their deficiencies by an established date, they are dismissed or told that they aren't college material. What would happen if we turned our traditional retention effort on its head? What would happen if we developed programs that helped students assess their strengths and then apply those strengths to their studies? Of course, we would still assist students in improving their ability to write well or to master mathematics or to read their political science text more efficiently and critically, but all this would be in the context of helping them identify, further develop, and apply what they can already do well. In my experience, this approach is tremendously motivating, contributes to a sense of agency, and helps young people stay in college.
1. What proved that nearly half of the author's professional career was a mistake?
A.Few of the participants in his training programs made great achievements.
B.Few of the participants in his training programs graduated from the courses.
C.The author made inaccurate assumptions about how to increase students' achievement.
D.The author came to the wrong conclusions about how to increase students' achievement.
4. Which word or expression is closest in meaning to "deficits" in Para. 3?
A.Diagnosis
B.Deficiencies
C.College material
D.Skills and knowledge
A B C D
B
题干中的deficits在文章第三段先后出现了好几次,是此段的关键词,deficits是经济学术语,意为“亏损”,在本文中意为“缺陷、不足”。根据本句中它与remove的搭配,以及此句后半句“their 'problems' have been overcome”可推测该词词义为deficiencies。
5. How does the author like the approach of assessing students' strengths and then applying them to their studies?
A.It will assist students in improving their ability to study some courses.
B.It will tremendously motivate students to manage their weaknesses.
C.It will seriously discourage students of their further study in college.
D.It will positively improve students' achievement with encouragement.
Passage Two Dowes Ginting, the most wanted man on Sumatra Island, lay dying. He had abandoned the hospital where he had seen his relatives succumb one after another, and he had fled deep into the mountains, trying to outrun the black magic that he feared had marked him next. For four nights, witnesses recalled, a witch doctor hovered over him in a small clapboard home, resisting the evil spell. Ginting, a tough 32-year-old, had watched disease burn through his family over the previous two weeks, killing six and sickening two others, including himself. International health experts grew increasingly concerned when laboratory tests confirmed they were sickened by bird flu, the largest cluster of the disease ever recorded. But Dowes feared medical treatment more than he did the flu. And so he ran, potentially exposing villagers across the province to the highly lethal virus. In the end, the outbreak in May did not predict the start of a worldwide epidemic. But the enormous difficulties that Indonesian and international disease specialists confronted in investigating the outbreak and protecting against its spread raised fundamental questions about whether bird flu could be contained were it converted into a form more easily spread among people. "If this were a strain with sustainable transmission from human to human, I can't imagine how many people would have died, how many lives would have been lost, " said Surya Dharma, chief of communicable disease control in North Sumatra province. Officials from the World Health Organization, drawing on sophisticated computer modeling of a theoretical bird flu outbreak in Southeast Asia, have suggested that an epidemic could be twisted through a rapid containment effort in the affected area, including the right mix of drugs quarantines (隔离, 封锁) and other social controls. To succeed, the antiviral drug Tamiflu would have to be distributed to 90 percent of the targeted population, roughly defined as those within at least a three-mile radius of each case. The drug would have to be administered within 21 days from the "timely detection" of the initial case of an epidemic strain. Residents would have to stay home, limit contact with others and take the medicine as prescribed. In the case of the North Sumatra cluster, almost none of this happened, according to extensive interviews with health officers, family members and villagers in several areas of the province. The underlying problem was that most family members and many villagers were convinced that black magic, not flu, was to blame. "How can you ever get people to cooperate if they don't even believe you?" Dharma said. On the fourth night, unfortunately, Dowes took an abrupt turn for the worse. The medicine man repeated his treatment several times in the night. And before his uncle lugged him to his Suzuki SUV parked out front and set off for the district hospital, Dowes had died.
1. Why was Dowes Ginting the most wanted man on Sumatra Island?
A.Because doctors in the hospital were waiting to treat his disease.
B.Because his relatives wanted to help him outrun the black magic.
C.Because the witch doctor wanted to help him resist the evil spell.
D.Because his runaway exposed local inhabitants to the scaring flu.
A B C D
D
题干中的the most wanted man出现在第一段第一句中,但问题的答案需要考生查读至第二段才能找到:Dowes Ginting引起国际专家的恐慌主要因为他是目前传染性最强的疾病病毒携带者,他的出走使得附近的居民处于被传染的危险状态,所以专家们希望尽快找到他。故D为正确答案。
2. What was (were. the last thing(s) that the disease specialists expected to meet?
A.The enormous difficulties that they had to be confronted with.
B.The basic questions about whether bird flu could be controlled.
C.The possibility that the flu might be spread from human to human.
D.The laboratory tests result that Ginting was sickened by bird flu.
Part Ⅴ Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and 1 As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people 2 to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. 3 , after a decline in the early 1970s, the 4 of marriage in the United States is now 5 Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context—some 80 percent of 6 individuals remarry. 7 , marriage remains by far the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our remarry. What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the 8 American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. 9 there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at 10 some of the children are from the wife's 11 marriage, or the husband's or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the 12 marriage; 13 they are sharedbetween the two former parents. Thus, one can find every type of family arrangement. There are marriages. 14 children; marriages with children from only the 15 marriage; marriages with "full-time" children from both the present and former marriage; 16 with "full time" children from the present marriage and "part-time" children from former manages. It is not all that 17 for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are 18 changes from the traditional nuclear family. 19 even so, even in the midst of all this, 20 one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.
Part Ⅵ Translation Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
1. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone ______(在那晚打扰我).