Part Ⅰ Writing Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way of Learning by commenting on Abigail Adams's famous remark ,"Learning is not attained by chance; it must be sought for with passion and attended to with diligence." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
1.
The Way of Learning
[范文点评]
Sample
The Way of Learning
Abigail Adams once said,“Learning is not attained by chance;it must be sought for with passion and attended to with diligence.”It is to say that learning is an (1)enduring process in which one should (2)exert oneself with desire for knowledge. (3)On the contrary,some people hold the idea that there is a (4)shortcut in learning,and (5)drag themselves to look for easy ways to study. From my point of view,I am totally (6)in favor of Abigail Adams's remark.(7)For one thing,passion is of (8)ultimate importance in learning,as interest is the best teacher.(7)For another,one should (9)resort to hard work and (10)perseverance to acquire knowledge.Rome was not built in a day.Diligence and determination will be rewarded,as God loves those who (11)spare no effort to (12)cultivate themselves.In a word,learning is a life-long process which requires passion and diligence.
Analysis
(1) enduring“持久的” (2) exert oneself“尽力” (3) on the contrary“相反” (4) shortcut“捷径” (5) drag“逼迫” (6) in favor of“赞成” (7) For one thing…For another…让文章看起来更有条理,思路更清晰。 (8) ultimate“极大的” (9) resort to“借助于” (10) perseverance“坚持不懈” (11) spare no effort“不遗余力” (12) cultivate“培养”
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheel 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ) , B ) , C) and D ) . For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Birth Rate Falls in Brazil
Like so many young families throughout Brazil, Ricardo Pires and Fabiana Oliveiro plan to only have one child together in order to provide a better life for their newborn son,Arthur. Priscila da Silva once asked her grandmother why she had 12 children, and the answer was simple.. "Because I wanted to." These days, Silva, like many women in Brazil and the rest of Latin America, has other plans. At 24, she thinks about having one child, if that. "The situation today is different, and raising a child is difficult," said Silva, slicing tomatoes at a restaurant that she founded with four other women, only one of whom has planned a family of any size. "This is another time, and it's not the same." Fertility rates have dropped in many parts of the world in recent decades, but something particularly remarkable happened to the once-prolific (曾经多育的) family across Latin America. From sprawling Mexico to tiny Ecuador to economically buoyant (上涨的) Chile, fertility rates fell sharply, even though abortion is illegal, the Catholic Church opposes birth control and government-run family planning is rare. A wild migration to the cities, the expansion of the female workforce, better health care and the example of the small, affluent families portrayed on the region's wildly popular soap operas have contributed to a demographic shift that happened so fast it caught social scientists by surprise. In 1960, women in Latin America had almost six children on average. By 2010, the rate had fallen to 2.3 children. "When I started out, the first thing to do was to explain why people had lots of children," said Joseph Potter, a demographer at the Population Research Center at the University of Texas,who began working in Latin America in the 1970s. "In fact,people were more disposed toward low fertility than we oh-so-sophisticated social scientists thought. The idea that lots of children was the way to go went down the drain a lot earlier than we were prepared to realize." Brazil's declining fertility rate has been particularly fascinating for demographers. This is a country of continental proportions whose population is an ethnic stew of almost 200 million. There is also a great gap between rich and poor, although millions have joined the middle class during Brazil's recent economic expansion. The country's fertility rate has fallen from 6.15 children per woman in 1960 to less than 1.9 today. That is a lower rate than in any other Latin American country except Cuba, which has state-sponsored family planning and legalized abortion. It is also lower than the rate for the United States,which at 2 per woman is just enough for the population to replace itself. Demographers were astonished that Brazil's fertility rate fell almost uniformly from Sao Paulo, with its tiny apartments and go-go economy, to Amazonian villages and the vast central farming belt. "Brazil started coming down and had this big drop that amazed everybody, everywhere," said Suzana Cavenaghi, a Brazilian census bureau demographer. "We wouldn't expect that in a country that's so diverse, with a lot of poverty in so many places and so unequal,economically speaking." Contributing factors Cavenaghi said a confluence (汇聚) of factors accelerated the trend. Women were empowered by a pro-democracy movement that rose up against a 1970s-era military dictatorship (专 政,独裁). That dictatorship,which wanted to populate Brazil's remote areas, unintentionally contributed to fewer births by promoting industrialization. That led rural families to crowd into cities,where a brood of children could be a financial drain. At their new restaurant,Saborearte in the Rio de Janeiro suburb of Batan, Priscila da Silva, and Jaqueline Ramos, both 24,are focused on making their business a success. If she ever has children, Silva wants one. And Ramos said, for now, she's happy raising her dog. "Women nowadays, they understand that they have to change their lives," said Veronica Marques,communications director for Elas, a group that helps women start businesses across Brazil. "This idea of doing what she really wants to do,and having the power to do it,is the thing that has changed this country." Marques, who is 31 and married and who doesn't have any children, said that for many Brazilian women, the top role model is the country's first female president,Dilma Rousseff. She went from being a daring 1960s-era Marxist guerrilla to a brainy, no-nonsense technocrat. Now Rousseff, whose only child, a daughter, is a lawyer, leads the world's sixth-largest economy. And it is not hard to find young women,college-educated and climbing the ladder of success,who say they may do without children. For instance, Elisangela Batista, 37, was a banker for 10 years and now does public relations work. "I have no intention of having children," Batista said,adding that most of her friends have one child or none. "My priority has been other things: to study, to work." The aspirations of Brazilian women are underlined by a report issued this month by the Center for Work-Life Policy, a think tank in New York. The report,"The Battle for Female Talent in Brazil," says that 59 percent of Brazilian women consider themselves "very ambitious" and that 80 percent of college-educated women aspire to upper-echelon (高层级的) positions. U. S. women were far less likely to give those responses. The telenovela (浪漫电视肥皂剧) effect The lives of Brazil's career women are often reflected in the country's elaborate soaps, or telenovelas, which numerous U.S.and Brazilian researchers say have been an important factor in the drop in Brazilian fertility. The protagonists (主角) may be perpetually anguished about.lost love, but they inhabit an appealing, affluent, highflying world, whose distinguishing features include the small family. "They are all young. They live well. They are comfortable. They are beautiful," said Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes, coordinator of the Center for the Study of the Telenovela in Sao Paulo. "Why do they need children?" In real life, Brazil's career women tend to be like Priscila da Silva and her four partners at the restaurant. One of the partners has three children, but the others are more like Jaqueline Ramos. Her grandmother had 19 children,but Ramos, 24, said she may not have any. "It is too much work to have children," she said, busily chopping cilantro.
1. The Pires couple plan to have only one child because______.
A.they want to have only one son
B.they intend to lead a better life
C.they want to raise their son better
D.they intend to follow their grandmother's advice
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据题干关键词Pires couple,one child定位到第一段后半句…Ricardo Pires and Fabiana Oliveiro plan to only have one child together in order to provide a better life for their newborn son,Arthur.可知,Pires夫妇只要一个孩子是为了给他们刚出生的儿子Arthur提供更好的生活,也就是为了更好地养育儿子。C)项符合文意。原文中in order to表示目的,题干中because表示原因,表达的含义一致。
2. What happened in Latin America in recent decades?
A.There are less prolific families than ever.
B.Abortion has been made legal.
C.Governments have issued plans for birth control.
D.People insist on being single.
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据题干关键词Latin America和recent decades定位到第五段第一句:Fertility rates have dropped in many parts of the world in recent decades,but something particularly remarkable happened to the once-prolific family across Latin America.可知,最近几十年间,人口出生率在世界上的很多地方都有下降,但是拉丁美洲的曾经 多育的家庭发生了一些尤其引人注目的事情。再根据下一句话中的fell sharply可知,人口出生率在下降,即“多育的 家庭比以前少了”。A)项符合文意。
3. What has surprised the social scientists?
A.The huge migration from the cities back to towns.
B.The improved health condition of career women.
C.The popularity of the soap operas among women.
D.The fast changing social demographic situation.
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据题干关键词surprised,social scientists定位到第六段:A wild migration to the cities,the expansion of the female workforce,better health care and the example of the small,affluent families portrayed on the region's wildly popular soap operas have contributed to a demographic shift that happened so fast it caught social scientists by surprise.在这个长句中,主语为几个影响因素,这些因素导致了巴西人口的迅速变化,这一变化使得社会学家大为吃惊。这些因素包括:大量涌入城市的移民,妇女劳动力的增加,医疗保健的改善,这一地区广为流行的肥皂剧中塑造 的小型但富足的家庭模式。D)项符合文意。
4. What does Joseph potter's remark mean?
A.Demographers don't understand why people want more children.
B.People should think more sophisticatedly about fertility.
C.People are more inclined to have fewer children than social scientists expect.
D.Social scientists' idea about low fertility was wrong.
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据题干关键词Joseph Potter's remark定位到第八段:“When I started out,the first thing to do was to explain why people had lots of children,”said Joseph Potter…“In fact,people were more disposed toward low fertility than we Oh-so-sophisticated social scientists thought.The idea that lots of children was the way to go went down the drain a lot earlier than we were prepared to realize.”可知,Joseph Potter说,他刚开始的时候,首先要做的 是解释人们为什么有那么多孩子,事实上,人们比那些见多识广的社会科学家们所认为的更倾向于少生孩子。C)项符合文意。C)项中的inclined to是原文disposed toward的同义转述,都意为“倾向于”;have fewer children是原文 low fertility的同义转述。
5. The demographers find that in Brazil the fertility rate______.
A.has widened the gap between rich and poor
B.is lower than any other country
C.is just enough for the replacement of the population
D.fell evenly across the whole country
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据题干关键词demographers和fertility rate定位到第九至十一段,其中第十段最后一句提到:Demographers were astonished that Brazil's fertility rate fell almost uniformly from Sao Paulo,with its tiny apartments and go-go economy,to Amazonian villages and the vast central farming belt.令人12I统计学家惊叹的是,从有着小公寓、经济繁荣的圣保罗到亚马逊的村庄及广阔的中央农业带,人口出生率几乎一律下降。uniformly是 “一律地”之意。D)项符合文意。D)项中的evenly意为“均匀地,有规律地”。
6. The military dictatorship in the 1970s intended to______.
A.empower the women in the countryside
B.populate the remote areas of the country
C.adopt a policy on birth control
D.lead Brazil into an agricultural era
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据题干关键词military dictatorship和in the 1970s定位到第一个小标题下第二段,第二句讲到:That dictatorship,which wanted to populate Brazil's remote areas,unintentionally contributed to fewer births by promoting industrialization.由此可知,独裁政府本想殖民于巴西边远地区,但却由于推广工业化,使得出生率下降。 B)项符合文意。
7. According to Veronica, women today______.
A.are happy raising their dogs
B.can do what they want to do
C.still lack the power to change
D.are the major forces of the country
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据题干关键词Veronica定位到第一个小标题下第三段,文中提到了女性的变化,最后一句Veronica说: “This idea of doing what she really wants to do,and having the power to do it,is the thing that has changed this country.” 由该句可知女性拥有做自己真正想做的事的观念,并且有这样做的能力。B)项符合原文。
8. The priorities of Elisangela Batista, the former banker, are______.
to study and to work
[解析] 根据题干关键词priorities和Elisangela Batista定位到第一个小标题下第六段最后一句;“My priority has been other things:to study,to work.”由该句可知,Elisangela Batista生活中的优先事项是学习和工作,故填to study and towork。
9. The Center for Work-Life Policy issued a report highlighted Brazilian women's______.
aspirations
[解析] _根据题干关键词The Center for Work.Life Policy,report,highlight,Brazilian women's定位到第一个小标题下最后一段第一句:The aspirations of Brazilian women are underlined by a report issued this month by the Center for work-Life Policy…可知,Center for Work.Life Policy当月发布的报告中强调了巴西女性的志向和抱负。题干中的highlight是原文中的underline的同义转述。
10. The obvious feature presented in the world of the popular soap operas is the______.
small family
[解析] 根据题干关键词obvious feature,popular soap operas定位到第二个小标题下第一段最后一句:The protagonists may be perpetually anguished about lost love,but they inhabit an appealing,affluent,highflying world, whose distinguishing featufes include the small family.可知,在这些大受欢迎的肥皂剧中,主角们总是为了失去的爱而痛苦烦恼,但她们都处在一个有吸引力的、富足的、事业成功的世界中,这个世界的一个显著特征是小家庭。故填small family。题干中的obvious对应原文中的distinguishing。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
D.She'll check the man's schedule as soon as possible,
A B C D
C
[解析] M: My back has been aching ever since I started playing tennis on the weekends. W: Haven't you had that checked out yet? Q: What does the woman imply?
C.No one complained about the washing machine today.
D.There's nothing wrong with the washing machine.
A B C D
A
[解析] W: Hi,hmm…I think something's wrong with the washing machine.It works and I just did my laundry,but it makes some strange noises.Maybe you should call somebody to fix it. M: Oh don't worry.Somebody from the repair shop is already on the way over to take a look at it. Q: What does the man imply?
[解析] M: I know I ought to call home,but I've got a plane to take and I am already late. W: I know you are in a hurry,but it only takes a minute. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
[解析] W: What did you think of the paintings that Ted was showing last week? M: I never made it to the exhibit. Q: What does the man mean?
[听前预测] 根据选项关键词paintings,exhibit等推测问题与画展有关。 [答案详解] 女士问男士觉得上周Ted展出的那些画怎么样,男士回答说自己没能去画展,即他没有看到画,故选B)项。 make it意为“成功做到”。
5.
A.Take the class this semester.
B.Get permission to take the class.
C.Take the class over again.
D.Register for the class next semester.
A B C D
A
[解析] W: I can't decide whether I should take physics now or wait till next semester. M: You might as well get it over with if you can. Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
[听前预测] 根据选项关键词class,semester等推测问题与上课有关。 [答案详解] 女士说决定不了是这学期就修物理课程还是等到下学期再修,男士说如果可以的话不妨在可以的时候就完成这件事,即这个学期就上这门课,故选A)项。get… over with意为“完成,结束(令人不快但免不了的事)”。
C.Check the recipe to see if they followed it correctly.
D.Serve the stew as it is.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: Mary,I've got the bowls out for the stew.Do you think it needs any more pepper before I serve it? W: It's really quite nice and we did exactly what the recipe says.Why take a chance of ruining it? Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?
B.He's disappointed that he'll have to miss the meeting
C.He often works extra hours.
D.He's afraid the meeting won't end on time.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: Tina says you won't be able to make it to the meeting tomorrow evening. M: Yeah,sorry about that. I just found out that I have to work over time. Q: What does the man mean?
C.The woman will show the man how to use the camera.
D.The woman will borrow the man's camera.
A B C D
C
[解析] W: Would you mind taking a picture of me in front of the fountain? M: Not at all.But I'm not sure how this camera works. Q: What will probably happen next?
[解析] 19-21 W: WelI, (19)on the phone,you need to check a lot of things to avoid misunderstandings.If you make agreements,you should confirm them.I think it's best to end calls with some sort of check or confirmation.You might even ask for a fax confirmation. M: Yes.What else would you include at the end of a phone call? W: Well,how many times does it happen that you put the phone down and then say“Oh I forgot to say such and such”?You can usually avoid that if one of you says something like“Is that all?”or“Anything else?”. M: OK.And do you think the business phone call is strictly about business? W: Well,in a sense,yes.Small talk can be very important--and it is all business.There's usually a bit of smalI talk in phone calls,even if it's just a comment on the weather--or how someone is,or your last trip away.It's easy to underestimate the importance of small talk…you have to learn to feel confident with it. M: Why do you think small talk is so important? W: Well,it helps to build and maintain relationships.(20)There are dangers though--it should be kept brief! M: And how do you get off the phone when the other side is talking about the weather for ages…and you don't want to be rude? W: Oh,yes.That can be difficult.(21)I think it's best to interrupt politely, say you have to go somewhere. If it's a customer you can offer to call back later if there's anything else to discuss. Q: What do we learn from the conversation about making checks on the phone?
[解析] 22-25 M: It isn't easy to lose weight,as there are so many ways to do it that people find it difficult to choose from them.And there are so many temptations as well.Have you tried to diet before? W: Yes,but none of them worked. M: What did you do? W: I've tried various diets Iike the Atkins diet and I've bought various commercial diets,(22)but I found I couldn't stick to them. M: What do you think the problem is? W: (23)I tend to snack a lot during the day with crisps and fizzy drinks and biscuits and sweets. Er…I'm sitting around a Iot at work, and I've tried to cut out all these things,but it's impossible. M: It's difficult to break habits like this,but there are ways round it.Rather than cutting out everything suddenly, (24)it's perhaps better to do it gradually. You could have diet cola instead of the normal cola.or better still fresh fruit juice,low fat crisps and introduce some fruit.The danger is trying to do everything at one time and then giving up. Then when you get used to it,you can make more changes. W: Maybe,I could give it a go. M: What about exercise? W: Wen,I spend most of my day at a desk.When I was younger I used to swim and I did some yoga, but not anymore. M: We've all been a bit more active in the past.Have you thought of taking up swimming again? W: Yes.(25)But it's time.After work,I'm too tired to do anything. Q: What problem does the woman have while going on diet?
[答案详解] 女士说自己试过各种各样的方法节食,但最终不能坚持,故选A)项。
13.
A.She likes watching commercials.
B.She likes eating snacks very much.
C.She prefers sitting around to exercising.
D.She often does yoga to keep fit.
A B C D
B
[解析] Q: What do we learn about the woman's living habit from the conversatiOn?
[答案详解] 女士说自己一天吃很多零食,并举例说明,可知女士喜欢吃零食,故选B)项。
14.
A.They are too deep-rooted to break.
B.They can be cut out gradually.
C.They pose threats to your health.
D.They can make you irritable.
A B C D
B
[解析] Q: What does the man say about old habits?
[答案详解] 男士说旧习惯不是一下子就能改掉的,可以循序渐进,一点点地改,故选B)项。
15.
A.She is short of time.
B.She is too old to do it.
C.She becomes rather clumsy.
D.She can't find a swimming pool.
A B C D
A
[解析] Q: Why does the woman find it difficult to take up swimming again?
Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single Iine through the centre. Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 26-29 Competitive cheerleading·is a very popular activity for girls in the USA,but more than half of Americans dO not believe it is a sport.This is because they confuse it with sideline cnoerleading. These are two different activities.(26)Sideline cheerleaders entertain the crowd during a sports match and encourage them to support their team.But in competitive cneerleading,two teams of cheerleaders compete against each other. Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. Cheerleaders must be strong,and they must learn to work with other teammates. (27) Sports like football and basketball have laws which the players follow and so does competitive cheerleading.The cheerleaders have to stay within a certain area,and complete their routine within 3 minutes and 15 seconds. According to the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research,cheerleading is the number.one cause of serious sports injuries to women.This is partly because they do not wear any protective gear,like helmets or knee pads.It's also because they often do not have proper training facilities. (28)Schools rarely provide good facilities because they do not recognise cheerleading as a sport. So why do many people think cheerleading is not a sport? Perhaps it is because cheerleading is not a ball sport,and cheerleaders do not score points or win races.However,the same is true of wrestling,diving,gymnastics and many other sports. (29)Perhaps it is because people see cheerleaders as entertainers,not competitors, but this is not fair;cheerleaders today compete against other teams,and they have to train hard,iust like other athletes. Q: What does the speaker say about sideline cheerleaders?
[解析] 30-32 Pawel Pawlikowski was born in Warsaw in 1957.His interest in films,and in British films in particular,began quite early.His mother taught English at Warsaw University,and she had a free pass to the British Council.(30)Pawlikowski went there regularly and saw lots of British films--although he didn't speak English at the time!He says,“I couldn't understand anything in the films,but the images on the screen stayed with me.”His favourite British films are still the films he saw when he was a child. When he was a teenager,he moved to Britain with his family and studied languages,literature and philosophy at university in London. (31)He started out in the film industry by directing documentaries for the BBC, and won several awards for them, before he gradually moved into drama. People think that because he was not born in Britain,he sees Britain from a different viewpoint.That experience of being an outsider has stayed with him.For example,his film Last Resort is about the experiences of a Russian woman who comes with her son to live in Britain. Pawlikowski now lives in Oxford and works at Oxford Brookes University,where he is doing research into film。 making in Britain today,and helping students who are doing a degree in Film Studies.(32)But he will continue to make his own films because,he says,“Every good film is a bit like a dream…I want to create a little world that will stay with the audience.” Q: What did Pawel do regularly during the time his mother taught at Warsaw University?
C.The texts can be understood even with letters missing.
D.It is convenient but time-consuming.
A B C D
C
[解析] 33-35 The British love sending text messages.They send more than 2.5 billion every month.(33)And most people now understand the language of text,with its numbers and missing letters. Although texting is a convenient and cheap method of staying in touch with your friends,it can also bring problems. In 2005,(34)a British teenager became the first person in the world to receive treatment for an addiction to text messaging. In one year.the nineteen.year.old spent£4,500 on texts.(He was sending about 700 texts a week.)He was also addicted to e- mail,and sent 8,000 messages in one month from his computer at work.The treatment is working well,however,and he now spends no more than£10 aweek ontexts. For some people,text messaging has changed their lives. For example,James Trusler from Sussex in England travels around the world taking part in texting competitions and TV shows.(35)He's the world's fastest texter and recently set a new world record while he was appearing on Australian TV. James sends a lot of text messages--about 2,500 a month. Fortunately,he doesn't get big bills because he works for a large mobile phone company! Q: What does the speaker want to tell us about texting in Britain?
Section C Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. We all have tremendous potential. Each of us has the ability to put our unique human potential into action and to acquire a 1 result. But the one thing that determines the level of our potential, that produces the 2 of our activity, and that 3 the quality of the result we receive is our attitude. Attitude determines how much of the future we are allowed to see. It decides the size of our dreams and influences our 4 when we are faced with new challenges. No other person on earth has 5 over our attitude. People can affect our attitude by teaching us poor thinking habits or 6 misinforming us or providing us with negative sources of influence, but no one can control our attitude unless we voluntarily 7 that control. If we care at all about ourselves,we must accept full responsibility for our own feelings. We must learn to 8 against those feelings that have the capacity to lead our attitude down the wrong path and 9 . If we want to receive the rewards the future holds in trust for us, 10 . Our attitude is an asset and a treasure which must be protected accordingly. 11
[解析] 36-46 We all have tremendous potential.Each of us has the ability to put our unique human potential into action and to acquire a (36)desired result.But the one thing that determines the level of our potential,that produces the (37)intensity of our activity,and that (38)predicts the quality of the result we receive is our attitude. Attitude determines how much of the future we are allowed to see.It decides the size of our dreams and influences our (39)determination when we are faced with new challenges.NO other person on earth has (40)grovemanoe over our attitude.People can affect our attitude by teaching us poor thinking habits or (41) unintentionally misinforming us or providing us with negative sources of influence,but no one can control our attitude unless we voluntarily (42)surrender that control. If we care at all about ourselves,we must accept full responsibility for our own feelings. We must learn to (43)guard against those feelings that have the capacity to lead our attitude down the wrong path and (44)to strengthen those feelings that can lead us confidently into a better future. If we want to receive the rewards the future holds in trust for us,(45)we must exercise the most important choice as human being by maintaining total control of our attitude.Our attitude is an asset and a treasure which must be protected accordingly.(46)Having the right attitude is one of the basics that success requires.
Having the right attitude is one of the basics that success requires
[解析] basics是名词,意为“基本因素(或原理、原则、规律等)”。
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Diretions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Parents have struggled for years to encourage children to go to bed on time. In Scotland, however, all the families should be enjoying sweet dreams in the future,as pupils are to be given lessons in how to sleep. The charity Sleep Scotland is providing classes free of charge in a pilot scheme at three schools in Glasgow in an attempt to 1 problems caused by a lack of sleep. Glasgow city council estimates that as many as one in four teenagers are not getting the 2 nine hours of sleep a night,and said there was " 3 evidence" suggesting a 4 between lack of sleep and obesity, lower academic achievement and depression. The classes will be offered as workshops for groups of 20 secondary school pupils, with an after-school 5 for parents and staff advising how to support teenagers to get good sleep. Cameron said just two classes could 6 advise pupils on how to 7 their sleeping habits for the better. Councillor Paul Rooney said it was important to make parents 8 of the importance of good sleep."We are 9 to providing guidance to young people so they can do what they can to get the right amount of sleep and maximise their learning 10 ," he said. A. accidentally I) increasing B. adjust J) link C. appropriate K) outstanding D. aware L) potential E. circulation M) session F. combine N) successfully G. committed O) tackle H) generous
Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One The government's higher education policies have led the Open University to announce a significant fees increase for next year. We in the Open University Student Association strenuously (强烈地) resist this move and an e-petition (网络签名请原) has been started to ask the government to rethink its proposals. Thousands of students who've been failed by their previous educational experiences graduate with the OU every year. Even though student loans have been opened up to part-time students for the first time as part of the government's changes to university funding, we know many of these people are debt-averse and will see a student loan as a lifelong debt. How are these people going to be encouraged to take the risk to discover their talent and improve their lives? It is also true that many will not be able to get one of the government's loans. These are people that want to study standalone modules,or have already studied at university level. They could be doing this to re-skill to get back into the workplace after redundancy, or to up-skill to further their careers. These are good reasons for wanting to update old qualifications,or qualifications that no longer serve their needs, but they will not be able to get a student loan to help them. The Open University is something the UK can take pride in. its ideas and methods are followed by educators in other countries. We believe that our university will survive, whatever governments throw at it, but we see the forced increase in the OU's fees as a real threat to the university's openness. We want the government to consider the impact its changes to higher education funding will have on the very people the UK government set out to support over 40 years ago when it created the OU. I'm asking them--and others who believe in the OU's ethos and mission to make education open to all to please sign the e-petition,so that we can have enough signatures to get our debate in parliament and make sure that the OU can continue to open the doors of education that have been so firmly closed for many.
1. What do people in the Open University Student Association strongly protest?
A.Cutting student loans to part-time students in the Open University.
B.A substantial fees increase due to the new higher education policies.
C.The unfair distribution of government's loans among students.
D.Stopping funding higher education by the UK government.
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据题干关键词the Open University Student Association定位到文章第一段:The government's higher education policies have led the Open University to announce a significant fees increase for next year.We in the Open University Student Association strenuously resist this move and an e-petition has been started to ask the government to rethink its proposals.政府的高等教育政策使开放大学宣布明年将大幅度提高学费。身为开放大学学生会成员的我们极力抵制这一举动,并发起了一项网络签名请愿的活动,要求政府重新考虑它所提出的建议。 可知学生会成员们反对的是由英国政府高等教育政策改变引发的学费大幅增长一事。B)项是对原文的同义转述。 [避错指导] 原文中提到了贷款,但并未指出开放大学削减非全Et制学生的贷款,也未提及政府贷款在学生中分配不公,故可排除A)项和C)项;原文中提到英国政府改变高校资助政策,但并未提及停止资助,D)项是对原文的错误推断。
2. What can be inferred from the second paragraph about student loans?
A.They have been cancelled in the government policy.
B.They are opened up to students as a lifelong debt,
C.They used to be granted only to full-time students.
D.They would be cut to students on a large scale.
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据题干关键词student loans定位到第二段第二句:Even though student loans have been opened up to part-time students for the first time as part of the government's changes to university funding,we know many of these people are debt.averse and will see a student loan as a lifelong debt.尽管作为对大学资助做出的改变的一部分,政府首次向非全日制学生提供助学贷款,但我们知道他们中有很多人规避债务并将助学贷款视为终身债务。据此推断,政府大学资助政策改变之前助学贷款只面向全日制学生,非全日制学生享受不到贷款。C)项是对原文的合理推断。 [避错指导] A)项、B)项、D)项均为对原文的错误理解。
3. Why do people who have already studied at university level come back to the Open University?
A.They want to make themselves better qualified to meet higher needs.
B.They can be offered a student loan to finish their learning.
C.They hope to discover their talent and improve their lives.
D.They want to become more professional in their field.
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据题干关键词who have already studied at university level定位到第三段第二至四句:These are people that want to study standalone modules,or have already studied at university level.They could be doing this to re-skill to get back into the workplace after redundancy,or to up-skill to further their careers.These are good reasons for wanting to update old qualifications,or qualifications that no longer serve their needs…这些人要么想 学习独立模块,要么已经进行过大学水平的学习。他们回到开放大学是想重新学习技能以在被裁员后重回职场; 或者打算提升技能,拓宽事业。这很好地解释了为何他们想更新他们的旧资历,或者是已无法服务于自己需求的 资历。A)项是对原文的同义转述。 [避错指导] 该段最后一句提到,他们无法获得学生贷款,故B)项错误;原文提到了发掘才华、改善生活,但并没说它是达到大学水平的人重回开放大学的目的,故可排除C)项;D)项内容原文未提及。
4. What is the author's attitude toward the future of the Open University?
A.The author still has great confidence in it.
B.The author shows great indifference to it.
C.The author feels quite worried about it.
D.The author gets disappointed about it.
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据题干关键词the author's attitude,the Open University定位到第四段第三句:we believe that our university will survive,whatever governments throw at it…我们相信我们的大学会继续下去,不管政府对它采取什么样的政策。可以看出作者对开放大学仍然充满信心。A)项是对作者态度的正确推断。 [避错指导] B)、C)和D)项都是对作者态度的错误推断。
5. Why does the author ask people to sign the e-petition?
A.To call on people to fight against the government.
B.To collect various ideas over higher education funding.
C.To ask people to debate in parliament over student loans.
D.To win support for government's reconsidering the policy.
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据题干关键词sign the e-petition定位到最后一段第二句:I'm asking them--and others who believe in the OU's ethos and mission to make education open to all-to please sign the e-petition,so that we can have enough signatures to get our debate in parliament and make sure that the OU can continue to open the doors of education that have been so firmly closed for many.我请求他们——以及其他相信开放大学的使教育向全民开放的精神和使命的人——在这份网络请愿书上签名以使我们获得足够多的签名以得到国会辩论,确保开放大学能一如既往地开放曾经对很多人紧闭的教育之门。可知作者恳请人们在网络请愿书上签名是为了获得公众支持,迫使政府重新考虑改革高校资助政策。D)项是对原文的正确推断。 [避错指导] 原文中提到请求人们在网络请愿书上签名是为了获得支持,反对政府的高校资助新政策,但并不是反对政府,A)项是对原文的错误理解;B)项内容文中未提及:原文提到获得足够的签名以便得到国会辩论,但并非是要签名的人们在国会上辩论,故可排除C)项。
Passage Two With the latest figures Showing graduate unemployment at a 15-year high, Liverpool,along with other universities, believes "soft skills" are more important than ever. Once,your degree alone would get you a job, says Paul Redmond, head of the careers and employability service. Today employers can afford to demand much more of prospective staff. "The competition for jobs is so intense, and often the differentiators are those so-called soft skills," he says. "Small talk isn't small talk in a business setting." Research by the Sutton Trust in 2009 found that while only 7% of children in the UK are privately educated, the majority of those at the top of the leading professions went to independent fee-paying schools. And as unpaid internships--often obtained through family contacts--become increasingly common, experts on social mobility believe young people from less privileged backgrounds are being put at an even greater disadvantage. Redmond hopes the Gradvantage programme run by Liverpool University will help to create a more level playing field for young people who don't necessarily have the ready-built networks of their more middle-class peers. The course aims to be as hands-on as possible: Paul Cullinan demonstrates his tips on getting the most out of networking events by telling half the group to start chatting amongst themselves, while the others observe their body language. "If people are standing face to face, they're saying they don't want anyone else to join in, but slowly but surely they'll open out," he says. "That's when to in tr0duce yourself." Martin Pennington, the interim chief executive of the Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services, says universities have been focusing increasingly on skills like networking since the recession. "It's not just about helping with their CV or job application, which careers services have always done, but help with selling yourself, getting out there and pushing yourself in front of employers." Chris Kennedy, 22, who studied psychology at Liverpool, says he didn't realise the value of networking. "I honestly didn't even know what it really meant before the session. Now I've found out about all sorts of events and I feel a lot more confident I can get something out of them."
1. What does Paul Redmond mean by saying "Small talk isn't small talk in a business setting. "?
A.Soft skills can make a difference in job hunting.
B.Small talk can be big in doing business.
C.People should behave politely in a business setting.
D.People should speak loudly in a business setting.
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据题干关键词Paul Redmond和“Small talk isn't small talk in a business setting.”定位到原文第二段 第三、四句:“The competition for jobs is so intense,and often the differentiators are those so-called soft skills,”he says.“Small talk isn't small talk in a business setting.”“求职竞争十分激烈,区别往往就在于那些所谓的软技能,” Paul Redmond说。“在商业环境下,闲聊并非真正的闲聊。”可见,像闲聊这样的软技能在找工作的时候是起重要作用的,因此选A)项。 [避错指导] B)项仅是对原话的片面理解;C)项和D)项均与原文不符。
2. What is the finding of the research by the Sutton Trust in 2009?
A.Private education is less welcomed by many people in the UK.
B.The majority of children go to independent fee-paying schools.
C.Children from well-off families benefit from extra training.
D.People at the top of the leading professions are privately educated.
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据题干关键词Sutton Trust in 2009定位到原文第三段第一句:Research by the Sutton Trust in 2009 found that while only 7% of children in the UK are privately educated,the majority of those at the top of the leading professions went to independent fee.paying schools.萨顿信托基金会在2009年做的一项研究发现.尽管在英国只有7%的孩子接受私立教育,但是大部分处于领先行业的高层们都在单独付费的学校上的学。可见,家庭条件好的孩子能从自己付费的额外培训中受益,因此选C)项。 [避错指导] A)项是对原文的过度推断,只有7%的孩子接受私立教育的原因并不是私立教育不受欢迎;B)项“大多数孩子上单独付费的学校”和D)项“领先行业的高层接受的是私立教育”均与原文不符。
3. Paul Cullinan demonstrates his tips in order to teach the students______.
A.how to chat among themselves
B.how to observe people's body language
C.how to face people and open up
D.how to get started in networking
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据题干关键词Paul Cullinan demonstrates his tips定位到原文第五段…Paul Cullinan demonstrates his tips on getting the most out of networking events…“…but slowly but surely they'll open out,”he says.“That's when to introduce yourself.”可知,Paul Cullinan通过这种方式来展示从人际关系网活动中获得最大功效的诀窍。“…但是慢慢地人们肯定会敞开去接纳别人,那时就是你自我介绍的时机。”可见Paul Cullinan展示诀窍的目的是为了教学生如何开始人际关系网,因此选D)项。 [避错指导] A)项、B)项和C)项均是对原文意思的字面理解,而并非Paul Cullinan的实际目的。
4. According to Martin Pennington,universities focus on skills like networking because they want to______.
A.teach their students how to make CV
B.take the place of careers services
C.sell more students to employers
D.make students more employable
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据题干关键词Martin Pennington和universities focus on skills like networking定位到原:之第六段: Martin Pennington…says universities have been focusing increasingly on skills like networking since the recession. “It's not just about helping with their CV or job application,which careers services have always done,but help with selling yourself,getting out there and pushing yourself in front of employers.”可知,Martin Pennington说.自从经 济萧条以来,大学一直越来越重视培养像人际关系能力这样的技能。“这不仅仅是帮助他们写个人简历或申请工作——这些是就业服务协会一直在做的工作,而是帮助你推销自己,走出去,把你自己推到雇主的面前。”即大学重 视培养像人际关系能力这样的技能是为了使学生就业时更加符合雇主要求,因此选D)项。 [避错指导] A)项是对原文的片面理解;B)项是对原文的错误理解;C)项是对原文的sell一词的字面理解。
5. What can we learn about Chris Kennedy from the last paragraph?
A.He doesn't think networking valuable.
B.He gets to know networking after the recession.
C.He develops more networking skill after the course.
D.He can gain benefits from networking.
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据题干关键词Chris Kennedy定位到原文最后一段:Chris Kennedy…says he didn't realise the value of networking.“I honestly didn't even know what it really meant before the session.Now I've found out about all sorts of events and I feel a lot more confident I can get something out of them.”可知,Chris Kennedy说.他以前并没有意识到人际关系的价值。“说实话,在这学期开始以前我并不知道它究竟意味着什么。现在我已经弄清楚了各种各样的社交活动,而且我感到更加自信我能从中获益。”即他能从人际关系中受益,因此选D)项。 [避错指导] A)项和B)项均与原文不符,原文提到他一开始并没有意识到人际关系的价值,并不是说他现在认为人际关系没价值;B)项中的recession意为“经济萧条”,而并非原文中的session“学年”;C)项是对原文的过度推断,原文提到他弄清楚了各种各样的社交活动,并没提到他掌握了更多人际关系技巧。
Part Ⅴ Cloze Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. From its invention, the car has provided an unquestionable level of personal mobility, giving people the freedom to travel where they like,when they like. For many,owningacar is 1 a 2 but a necessity that allows them to commute to work, take the kids to school and do the weekly shop. There is, and 3 will be, an important 4 for the car. But in a tow-carbon future, the car will have to be cleaner and greener than ever before. Cars account for approximately 14 per cent of annual UK CO[2] emissions but, 5 the number of cars on the road has 6 to climb, their total emissions have begun to fall. Emissions have fallen 7 all 8 types, with technological advances and the 9 use of lightweight materials making the large family saloons of today more 10 than decade-old superminis. It is the development of new power trains--electric, hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell-powered vehicles--that will 11 the accelerated rate of reduction that is needed to ensure that the ear 12 an important part of a low- carbon 13 , system. Ultra-low-carbon cars are now a 14 and in the coming years they will take an increasing share of the market. The 15 to ultra-low-carbon cars is an industrial opportunity, 16 as an environmental necessity. As the global demand for cars increases it is essential that we retain and grow our 17 of the market. 18 , developing and manufacturing the technologies and vehicles of tomorrow is our 19 to a more 20 future.
Part Ⅵ Translation Direction:Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheat2,
1. They have decided to______(废除体制) in all local schools.