1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The lam reading will be read at, normal speed again and during this time you should check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
[解析] Social distance may affect / how openly employees speak about their work. People of the same rank / may talk frankly to one another / about how things are going. However, they may be less honest / with someone higher up in the hierarchy--for fear of prejudicing their position in the company. For this reason / employees often alter the facts / to tell the boss what he or she wants to hear. One way of reducing social distance / is to cut down the ways / in which employees can indicate higher status. Physical distance can affect / how well people communicate. The farther away one person is from another, the less often they communicate. Some research has shown / that when the distance is more than 10 meters, the probability of communicating / at least once a week is only 8%. The most important thing for all managers to remember / is that communication is a two-way process. They should encourage their employees to ask questions / and to react to what the managers are saying. /
1. Why does the woman ask the man to provide references?
A.To guarantee that he has sense of responsibility.
B.To examine whether he has enough money.
C.To get to know his history of raising animals.
D.To fill out the form about his family background.
A B C D
A
[解析] W: OK. If you want to adopt an animal, first I need to know some references. M: References? People we know? W: Friends, teachers... We need to talk to some people about you. We want to be sure that you're responsible and that you can take good care of an animal. Then you have to fill out this form about your family background. M: Is that it? W: No, there's more. We need to know about your history with animals. Have you ever owned an animal? M: Yes. I had a cat when I was eight years old. I loved it so much. It was very cute. W: We also like to know your reasons for wanting an animal. M: To have a friend—a pal. You know, man's best friend is dog. W: And one thing more. If you're under twenty-one years of age... M: That's me. W: Then an adult must sign for you. M: No problem. My parents will think it's a good idea. I'll be back with them. If the real owners don't come to claim the dog... W: After 48 hours. But please call first. M: Thanks for your information and for being so helpful. W: It's my pleasure. Nice talking to you.
3. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A.At an animal control agency.
B.At an animal shelter.
C.At a pet store.
D.At the police station.
A B C D
B
[解析] 题干表明,本题是问对话发生的地点。从选项来看,该地点应该与动物有关。 推断题。对话开头处,由女士话中的If you want to adopt an animal可知,男士想收养一只动物,对话最后,男士询问如果真正的主人没来认领这只小狗(claim the dog),什么时候他可以收养,由此可以推断,对话应该是发生在一个动物收养所(animal shelter),故答案为B)。animal control agency(动物管理机构)是办理宠物登记的地方,与对话内容不符。
A.The man wants to get authorization for a room change.
B.The man is worried about his friendship with his roommate,
C.Then man needs a scholarship to continue living in the dormitory,
D.The man wants the head resident to talk to David for him.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: Are you the head resident? W: Yes. M: I'm Bill Miller. I'm here because I want to change roommates. W: Really? That surprises me. I thought that you and David were good friends. M: We were. You see, we knew each other before. We are from the same home town, but it looks like we had different reasons for coming to college. W: How so? M: Well, David is really into having fun, which is great. But be has so many people in our room all the time that I can't study. And the stereo is on constantly. W: Have you talked to him about it? M: Yes, but he just doesn't take me seriously. W: I see. M: Miss Todd, I have to study. I'm on scholarship. David isn't. W: Okay. Here's what we can do. Let me talk to David, and then you see how it goes. Just one week.
[试题分析] 本题考查的是会话的目的。需要从整体上把握。 [详细解答] 会话中有问题,会话的目的就是解决问题。关键词可以给出提示。依据“I'm here because I want to change roommates”可以做出判断。
5. Why is the man worried about the course?
A.That David is not a serious student.
B.That David doesn't need to worry because he has a scholarship.
C.That David won't speak with him.
D.That David wants to move back to his home town.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题是细节题。 [详细解答] 先看题支,再有针对性的认真听。依据会话中提到的“David is really into having fun”“I'm on scholarship.David isn't”可以做出判断。
6. What is the man's problem?
A.His roommate is noisy.
B.He isn’t speaking to his roommate.
C.He does not like his roommate.
D.He doesn’t know his roommate very well.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题是推理题。需要先把握大意。然后做出推理。 [详细解答] 一般来讲,此类题目,几个选项都具有很强的迷惑性,一定要正确理解。关键词可以给出提示。依据会话中提到的“but he has so many people in our room all the time that I can't study.And the stereo is on constantly”可以做出推理。
[解析] M: Hey Linda, what's so interesting? W: Oh, hi Simon. I' m reading this interesting news. M: A $ 100,000 Speeding Fine? W: Yes. It says millionaire Vanjoke, a senior officer of the world' s largest mobile phone maker Nokia, is appealing a record $ 103,600 fine for speeding because his income has dropped. M: Speeding fine? It has nothing to do with income. W: But they are related in Finland. Unlike in many other countries, Finnish traffic fines vary according to the offender's average income. M: Interesting ! But I think it' s quite unreasonable. If you earn more, you should pay more fine. W: But the fact is that, when Vanjoke was caught racing his car down a street in Helsinki at 47 mph in a 31 mph zone, he had to pay a fine based on his income last year. The fine is up to $ 103,600. M: Why does he earn less money now? W: It' s said his income was boosted by big sales. But now Nokia' s share prices have fallen along with other tech shares, bringing down Vanjoke' s income. So he doesn' t need to pay so much money. M: It really drives one crazy. I suppose it is the largest traffic fine in the world. W: Maybe. The report also says an Internet millionaire was caught speeding and asked to pay $ 71,000, and another mobile millionaire was fined $ 31,200. M: The police in Finland must be very wealthy. W: Who knows? 细节题,问百万富翁需Vanjoke需要支付多少钱的罚金。从Vanjoke is appealing a record $103,600 fine得知,答案是A。
10. Which of the following is NOT needed for the Lost Property Form?
A.Name.
B.Nationality.
C.Address.
D.Phone number.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: Good evening, sir. Can I help you? M: Yes. I think I've left my digital camera on the train from London earlier today. W: Did you, sir? Oh, well, in that case, we'd better fill in a Lost Property Form. Can you tell me your name ? M: Yes, it's Mark Adams. W: OK. Your address? M: You mean in Britain or in the States? W: How long are you staying? M: Er, I've still got a few months in Britain. W: OK, then, can you give me your address here? M: Right, it's 18 Lindon Drive, Latton Essex. Do you want the phone number? W: Yes, I'd better have that too. M: OK, 080945233. W: Thanks, and you say it was a digital camera. What make and model? M: It's Samsung G302. W: OK, got that. Now you say it was London train. What time did it arrive in Edinburgh? M: At 4:45 this afternoon. W: Well, then, if we find it sir, shall we phone you or write to you? M: Well, I think I will drop in the day after tomorrow to check out. W: Right you are, sir. We'll do our best.
11. From the conversation we know that Mark Adams comes from ______.
A.Essex
B.Edinburgh
C.London
D.the U. S.
A B C D
D
12. What will Mark Adams do the day after tomorrow?
[解析] Now, come discover all the history, culture and diversity that set ns apart from the rest. Feel the energy that infuses our streets. Visit museums and galleries, enjoy Broadway shows. First, start your tour at the Empire State Building, on Fifth Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets. This building has 102 floors. Take the elevator to the 102nd floor for a great view of New York City. Now walk seven blocks up Fifth Avenue to the New York Public Library. The entrance is between 40th and 42nd Streets. This library holds over 10 million books. Behind the library is Bryant Park. In the summer, there's an outdoor cafe, and at lunch hour, there are free music concerts. Walk up Sixth Avenue to 49th Street. You're standing in the middle of the 19 buildings of the Rockefeller Center. Turn right on 49th Street, walk another block, and turn left. You're in Rockefeller Plaza. In the winter, there' s a rink where you can ice-skate. Right across from Rockefeller Center on Fifth Avenue is St. Patrick's Cathedral. It's modeled after the cathedral in Cologne, Germany. Go inside the cathedral and leave the noisy city behind. Look at the beautiful blue windows. Many of these windows come from France.
此题是事实细节题,文中ABC均有提及,因此D正确。
2. Which of the following is true about Rockefeller Center?
A.It consists of 90 buildings.
B.It's on Sixth Avenue.
C.You can enjoy yourself in Rockefeller Plaza.
D.There is an ice-skating ring all the year round.
A B C D
C
此题是事实细节题,根据文中"Turn right on 49th Street, walk another block , and turn left. You're in Rockefeller Plaza." 可知C正确。
3. The style of the cathedral is______.
A.American
B.German
C.French
D.Not mentioned
A B C D
B
此题是事实细节题,根据文中"It's modeled alter the cathedral in Cologne, Germany."可知B正确。
4. This passage is probably taken from a______.
A.novel
B.lecture
C.tourism manual
D.urban planning report
A B C D
C
此题是推理判断题,根据整体评语境及文中"Start your tour at the Empire State Building, on Fifth Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets." 可知本文摘自一篇旅游指南,因此C正确。
5. Why did the couple recognize Rod's voice on the radio immediately?
A.Because Rod was the most naughty student they had ever had.
B.Because Rod now is a famous politician who always makes speech on radio program.
C.Because Rod now is a famous scientist in area of AIDS.
D.Because Rod always spoke with an unusual slow voice since he was a student.
A B C D
D
[解析] Early one morning, my husband turned on the radio. Suddenly he exclaimed, "That has to be Rod. No one else talks like that!" We listened attentively and heard the announcer say, "You've been listening to an interview with Dr. Rod Smith who has been telling you about a breakthrough in AIDS research that he and his colleagues have made." We both had Rod as a student and had agreed that he was absolutely the slowest student we had ever had. He spoke slowly, moved slowly, and wrote slowly. We suspected that he thought slowly. When he took an examination, he could never finish it. The unanswered questions kept him from having high marks. During his senior year, Rod announced that he wanted to go to graduate school, but no graduate school would accept him. He kept trying and a year or so later the department of biology of a large university allowed him to enroll in a few classes on a trial basis. They discovered that he was talented in basic research. He was then allowed to enter the master's program, and later the PhD program. He cheerfully persevered. In six years he could proudly add the title of "doctor" to his name. His professional career began and we lost track of him, until we heard his slow, steady voice that morning.
6. During his senior year, no graduate school would accept Rod because of
A.the unfinished questions in his exams.
B.his slowness in answering questions.
C.his slowness and his low marks.
D.his stupidity.
A B C D
C
7. Why was Rod finally enrolled in the department of biology of a large university?
A.Because he had talent in basic research.
B.Because he had got the Master's degree.
C.Because he had got the PhD.
D.Because he promised that he had talent in basic research.
8. What do Thomas Jefferson's idealized farmers mean?
A.Being rich.
B.Being powerful.
C.Being independent.
D.Having high social status.
A B C D
C
[解析] What was the most popular mystery about the United States in the 19th Century was that of the free and simple life of the farmer. It was said that the farmers worked hard on their own land to produce whatever their families needed. They might sometimes trade with their neighbors, but in general they could get along just fine by relying on themselves, not on commercial ties with others. This is how Thomas Jefferson idealized the farmers at the beginning of the 19th century. And at that time, this may have been close to the truth especially on the frontier. But by the mid century sweeping changes in agriculture were well under way as farmers began to specialize in the raising of crops such as cotton or corn or wheat. By late in the century revolutionary invents in farm machinery has vastly increased the production of specialized crops and extensive network of railroads had linked farmers throughout the country to market in the east and even overseas. By raising and selling specialized crops, farmers could afford more and finer goods and achieved much higher standard of living but at a price. Now farmers were no longer dependent just on the weather and their own efforts, their lives were increasing controlled by the banks, which had powder to grant or deny loans for new machinery, and by the railroads which set the rates for shipping their crops to the market. As businessmen, farmers now had to worry about national economic depression and the implement of world supply and demand on for example, the price of wheat in hands. And so by the end of the 19th century, the era of Jefferson's independent farmer had come to a close.
9. What was the major change in agriculture during the 19th century?
A.Specialized crops.
B.Farm machinery.
C.Extensive network of railroads.
D.Unbalance of supply and demand.
A B C D
A
细节题。19世纪美国农业最大的变化是什么。录音文字中“But by the mid century sweeping changes in agriculture were well under way as farmers began to specialize in the raising of crops such as cotton or corn or wheat.”的关键词“sweeping changes”(主要变化)说明这个变化要体现于专业化的种植。此题考点位于转折连词but后。
10. Which was one of the results of the increased use of machinery on farms?
A.Intensifying the competition between farmers.
B.Reducing the financial burden of the farmers.
C.Raising the production of specialized crops.
D.Realizing the independence of farmers' life on weather.
A B C D
C
细节题。农业机械化增加带来的影响是什么。录音文字“By late in the century revolutionary invents in farm machinery has vastly increased the production of specialized crops”说明这一直接影响是增加庄稼产量。
[解析] In Bolivia,life is slowly reurning to normal after almost a month of demonstrations.Thousands of mainly indigenous people--from poor peasant farmers to miners have been demanding nationalization of the country's gas industry and calling for constitutional reform.The protesters are angry at what they see as the exploitation of Bolivia natural resources by foreign companies and governments.There's a long history of the country's rich natural resources being exploited by foreigners with little financial reward for the population,60 percent of whom are of indigenous origin.Many now hope the new president,Eduardo Rodrignez,may find a solution to the country's problems.
[解析] 细节题。新闻提到,以本土人为主的成千上万的人组成的队伍,从穷困的农民到矿工,都来游行,要求国 家的天然气工业国有化(nationalization of the country's gas industry).同时要求进行宪法改革 (constitutional reform)。故正确答案为D。预读时应注意题目关键词the main demands,在听到原文中的 demanding时便会更有意识地仔细听接下来的内容,这正是本题答案的依据所在。
In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Now, listen to the news.
C.President Obama has encountered some obstacles in his reform.
D.President Obama returned to campaign mode.
A B C D
C
[解析] One year after taking office,public opinion polls tell the story of voters having some serious doubts about the 44th president. Barack Obama's signature health-care-reform plan is stalled in Congress amid declining public support.The president remains personally popular with voters,but increasingly Americans disapprove of his policies,finding them either too costly or ineffective. Republicans have found new momentum after last week's stunning upset in the Massachusetts Senate election and are eagerly looking forward to picking up congressional seats in November's midterm elections. With all of this as backdrop。President Obama returned to campaign mode during a recent visit to Ohio,hoping to strike a more combative tone on behalf of middle class voters. "I want you to understand,this is not about me.This is not about me,"he said."This is about you!" Mr.Obama's best opportunity to hit the political reset button will come Wednesday when he delivers the annual State of the Union address before Congress and a national television audience.It is expected the president will focus on finding ways to help middle-class families in their daily economic struggles. Many of Mr.Obama's Democratic supporters say the president needs to find a way to pass some sort of health-care plan quickly and then focus on the economy and jobs,which the polls say are the voters' top concerns. 理解全文并综合分析。
3. According to the report, what will be Mr. Obama's best opportunity to win more supports?
A.During November's midterm elections.
B.When he delivers the annual State of the Union address.
C.During a recent visit to Ohio.
D.In the Massachusetts Senate election.
A B C D
B
新闻中提到,奥巴马“按下重置键”——即重新赢得支持——的最好时机,是在他向国会发表国情咨文的时候(delivers the annual State of the Union address before Congress and a national television audience)。
4. What are the reasons for some people to disapprove Mr. Obama's policies?
A.They are too costly.
B.They are ineffective.
C.Both A and B
D.None of the above.
A B C D
C
细节题。新闻中提到了虽然支持奥巴马的民众人数仍然不少,但不少人担心他的政策代价过高,或者效果欠佳。
5. What are the top concerns of the American people?
A.Their income.
B.Economy and jobs.
C.Jobs and health care.
D.Health care.
A B C D
B
新闻末句提到了美国人的首要关心的是国家经济和就业。 [名师点津] 1.stall:暂缓;搁置。 2.disapprove:不赞成。 3.momentum:动力。 4.combative:交战的。 5.midterm election:美国中期国会选举。在中期选举中参议院和众议院中两党派人士的比例往往预示着2年后总统选举的党派走向。 6.reset:复位。 7.State of the Union address:美国国情咨文演说。根据美国宪法第二条第三款规定,总统应时常向国会报告国情资讯,并向国会提出他认为“必要和适当”措施,供国会斟酌。美国首任总统乔治?华盛顿总统1790年1月8日在临时首都纽约市发表美国历史上首次国情咨文演讲。
[解析] Two simultaneous car-bomb explosions Wednesday rocked the neighborhood of the capital's holiest Shiite Muslim shrine, killing at least seven people and wounding 27 others, police reported. One blast, from a parked car, struck aI-Zahraa Square, an intersection a half-mile from the large Kazimiyah shrine, said a police officer who spoke on condition of anonymity because of security concerns. The second explosion, also from an unoccupied vehicle, occurred at the Aden intersection, at the western entrance to the Kazilniysh neighborhood. The long-running series of bombings aimed at Iraq's majority Shiite population has been blamed on Sunni extremists seeking to inflame animosities between the two sects.
A.The explosions occurred at the western entrance to the Kazimiyah neighborhood.
B.The aim of the explosions was to accelerate hatred between two sects.
C.The explosions happened at intersections.
D.The explosions happened in unoccupied cars.
A B C D
A
此题是事实细节题,根据文中“The second explosion,also from an unoccupied vehicle,occurred8t the Aden intersection,at the western entrance to the Kazimiyah neighborhood.”可知答案是A。
A.South Korean troops decided to withdraw from Afghanistan.
B.Taleban militants exchanged fires with Afghan government.
C.Afghan government decided to release Taleban prisoners.
D.Afghan and South Korean government worked together to help release the South Korean hostages.
A B C D
D
[解析] Afghan officials say troops have moved into several areas in eastern Afghanistan where the Korean hostages may be located,but so far no fighting has been reported.As the ioint operation began Sunday morning,a high-level South Korean delegation reached Kabul,hoping to help facilitate the hostages'release.Taleban militants seized the group of the evangelical Christian Koreans on Thursday southwest of Kabul,and have threatened to kill them unless South Korea withdraws its troops from Afghanistan and the Afghan government frees a number of Taleban prisoners.On Sunday,supporters and family members held vigils in the South Korean capital, pleading for a swift resolution of the crisis.South Korea only has around 200 non-combat troops in Afghanistan,and they were already scheduled to leave the country by the end of the year.The South Korean Defense Ministry says preparations for their withdrawal have already begun.
本题测试对文章主旨的推断能力要根据文中第二句即主题句“As the joint operation began Sunday morning a higfiqevei south Korean delegation reached Kabul, hoping to help facilitate the hostages’ release”,我们可以找出正解答案为D。
9. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.There are 200 South Korean non-combat troops in Afghanistan.
B.People marched in Soul to plead for prompt resolution.
C.South Korean government sent delegation to Kabul to solve the crisis.
D.The South Koreans were kidnapped on Thursday.
A B C D
B
本题测试对文中细节信息的综合判断能力。根据文中信息“On Sunday, supporters and family members held vigils in the South Korean capital, pleading for a swift resolution of the crisis.”,我们可以得知,在韩国首都首尔,人们用守夜的方式恳求政府能够迅速解决人质事件,而不是选项B中所提到的游行的方式,因此正确答案是B。
[解析] Strike is off,the judge says plans for a walkout by a British Airway's Cabin Crew cannot happen.As we reported yesterday, this strike which would have last through the holidays could have affected a million passengers’holiday travel plans.But the judge has blocked it from happening.Now the airline says it hopes the Cabin Crews Labor Union would take some time to think about its next steps.The union representatives say this dispute is not over and unless the two sides can come to a solution, they could vote to strike again, but after Christmas.
PART Ⅲ CLOZE In any society, no matter how 1 , some individuals have authority 2 others, at least within a limited sphere. Obedience is particularly relevant as societies get more 3 , where the sphere 4 authority can be 5 become much more differentiated. Teachers 6 homework , doctors order intravenous feedings, and motorists generally 7 . Their obedience is based upon an 8 recognition that the persons who 9 the orders are operating with their 10 domain of authority. If this domain is 11 , obedience is unlikely. Policemen can't order motorists to 12 a list of irregular French verbs or 13 two aspirins and go to bed. Some tendency to obey authority is a vital cement that holds society together; without it, there 14 chaos. But the atrocities of this century—the bombing of civilians, the Nazi death camps—give terrible proof that this disposition to obedience can also become a corrosive poison that destroys our sense of humanity. Some of these atrocities could not have been 15 16 the obedience of tens or hundreds of thousands and the acquiescence of many more. How much such obedience have come 17 ? Attempt to answer this question has focused on 18 of the two factors. One 19 the personality structure of the blindly obedient individual; the other emphasizes the 20 situation in which the obedient person finds himself.
该题四个选项都可以与order搭配,issue an order表示“发布命令”;obey an order表示“服从命令”;violate an order表示“违背命令”;place an order表示“订购,下订单”。因为下文中提到这些人是在他们的职权范围内行使职权,所以选A,即他们发布命令是 在他们的职权范围之内。
4. During those days, no one ______ speak of the name of his girlfriend in front of him.
A.dares
B.dare
C.dared
D.had dared
A B C D
C
题意为:在那些日子里,没有人敢在他面前提他女朋友的名字。 此题考查情态动词和实意动词的区别。此句的dare是情态动词,根据时间状语during those days来看,应该用dare的过去式。dare作及物动词的用法是dare sth.或者dare sb. to do sth.,表示“敢”或者“挑战”的意思。也可作不及物动词,意思是“敢”。
5. Closer economic ties have been ______ greater diplomatic warmth.
6. ______ plants, which manufacture their own food, animals obtain nourishment by acquiring and ingesting their food.
A.As
B.Different
C.Unlike
D.As many
A B C D
C
介词unlike表示“与……不同”。
7. The shower ______ over, we went on with our journey.
A.was
B.being
C.to be
D.been
A B C D
B
此题考查独立主格结构。时间状语没有连词引导从句,用独立主格结构表示。主语和系动词的ing形式在此句中构成独立主格结构。原句是:After the shower was over,we went on with our journey.
8. I'm surprised they are no longer on speaking terms. It's not like either of them to bear a ______.
A.disgust
B.curse
C.grudge
D.hatred
A B C D
C
grudge作“妒忌,怨恨,恶意”讲,例如:The high-minded man does not bear grudges,for it is not the mark of a great soul to remember injuries,but to forget them.品格高尚的人不怀恨,因为一个伟大灵魂的标志不是牢记自己所受的屈辱,而是忘记它们。disgust作“厌恶,恶心,作呕”讲,例如:Racial discrimination aroused popular indignation and disgust.种族歧视引起了民众的愤慨和憎恶。curse作“诅骂,咒骂,骂人话”讲,例如:Labor is the curse of the world,and nobody can meddle with it without becoming proportionately brutified.劳累是这个世界发出的诅咒,谁倒行逆施,谁就会相应地受到惩罚。hawed作“仇恨,憎恶,敌意”讲,例如:Physical deformity calls forth our charity.But the infinite misfortune of moral deformity calls forth nothing but hatred and vengeance.身体畸形唤起我们的恻隐之心;而心灵畸形所造成的无穷灾祸则激起我们的厌恶和仇视。
9. All visitors are requested to ______ with the regulations.
20. I don't believe you are going to have the matter looked into today,______?
A.are you
B.do you
C.arch' t you
D.don' t you
A B C D
A
在I think (believe,suppose)等表示主观意念、看法的句型中,结构上要求从句谓语的否定要转移至主句中,所以I don't believe you are going to.相当于I believe you are not going to. 而附加疑问句要在意义上而不是在结构上与主句一致。因此选A不能选B或C
21. After ______ seemed an endless wait, the arrogant superstar appeared onto the press conference.
TEXT A People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years. The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals. They used to paint pictures of animals they wanted to catch and kill. Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. No one knows why they were painted there. Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals. Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories with pictures. About 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet. The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture writing and pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modern comic strip stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it. By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world. These days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawing, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere, in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.
1. Why are pictures of animals painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain ?
A.Because the hunters wanted to see the pictures
B.Because the painters were animal lovers
C.Because the painters wanted to show imagination
D.Because the pictures were thought to be helpful
A B C D
D
根据文章第一段中"Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals."可知,古代人以为在墙上画画会对他们有所帮助,故选项D为正确答案。 [主旨大意]本文介绍了远古时期人们是如何通过图案、符号做记录的,以及字母表的起源。 [名师点津] 1.The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture writing and pictures to get:埃及人习惯于通过图画和书写记录信息、讲故事。by putting picture writing and pictures together是现在分词做方式状语。 2.People who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing:这句话中who引导了定语从句修饰people,意为“居住在地中海沿岸的人们发明了一套更为简洁的书写体系”。
2. Which of the following statement does not contribute in the Greek alphabet's formation?
A.People who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing.
5. In the last paragraph, the author thinks that pictures ________.
A.should be made comprehensible
B.should be made interesting
C.are of much use in our life
D.have disappeared from our life
A B C D
C
文章最后一段讲述了图画在今天的用途,故选项C为正确答案。
TEXT B That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences. Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten, and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one's memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection. In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species. Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting, In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.
1. Which of the following statements about memory is NOT tree?
A.It is a function of human mind.
B.It contributes to skillful performance on the piano.
B.discuss the relationship between remembering and forgetting
C.interpret the function of forgetting in different ways
D.explain how forgetting helps human survival
A B C D
C
主旨题。文章从不同角度探讨了遗忘的功能,故选C。
TEXT C Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, even useful. Did you know that the average student has 5 to 6 friends, or that a friend who was previously an enemy is liked more than one who has always been on the right side? Would you believe that physically attractive individuals are preferred as friends to those less comely, and is it fair that physically attractive defendants are less likely to be found guilty in court? Unfortunately, such titbits don't tell us much more about the nature or the purpose of friendship. In fact, studies of friendship seem to implicate more complex factors. For example, one function friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. Certainly we appear to project ourselves onto our friends; several studies have shown that we judge them to be more like us than they objectively are. This suggests that we ought to choose friends who are similar to us rather than those who would be complementary. In our experiment, some developing friendships were monitored amongst first-year students living in the same hostel. It was found that similarity of attitudes (towards politics, religion and ethics, pastimes and aesthetics) was a good predictor of what friendships would be established by the end of four months, though it has less to do with initial alliances—not surprisingly, since attitudes may not be obvious on first inspection. There have also been studies of pairings, both voluntary (married couples) and forced (student roommates), to see which remained together and which split up. Again, the evidence seems to favor similarity rather than complementarity as an omen of successful relationship, though there is a complication: where marriage is concerned, once the field is narrowed down to potential mates who come from similar backgrounds and share a broad range of attitudes and values, a degree of complementarity seems to become desirable. When a couple is not just similar but almost identical, something else seems to be needed. Similarity can breed contempt; it has also been found that when we find others obnoxious, we dislike them more if they are like us than when they are dissimilar. The difficulty of linking friendship with similarity of personality probably reflects the complexity of our personalities: we have many facets and therefore require a disparate group of friends to support us. This of course can explain why we may have two close friends who have little in common, and indeed dislike each other. By and large, though, it looks as though we would do well to choose friends (and spouses) who resemble us. If this were not so, computer dating agencies would have gone out of business years ago.
1. Research on friendship has demonstrated that
A.every student has five to six friends.
B.judges are always influenced by a pretty face.
C.ugly people find it harder to make friends than beautiful people.
D.we tend to grow fond of people if we dislike them at first sight.
A B C D
C
事实细节题。首段第三句提到,人们更愿意和外表迷人而不是长相平平的人交朋友(physically attractive individualsare preferred as friends to those less comely),C)(长相难看的人发现,和外表漂亮的人相比,他们更难交朋友)正是对此的同义转述,故答案为C)。首段第二句提到the average student has 5 to 6 friends,average student讲的是平均数,而不是说每个学生都有5至6个朋友,故排除A);B)是针对physically attractive defendants are less likely to be found guilty in court设的干扰项,且其中的always表述过于绝对,故排除;D)是对a friend who was previously an enemy is liked more(更喜欢那些之前被当做敌人的朋友)的错误理解。
2. Studies of friendships have indicated that in seeking friends we
A.want to be flattered.
B.are looking for sympathy.
C.think they resemble us more than they really do.
D.insist on them having similar attitudes to ourselves.
A B C D
C
事实细节题。C)think they resemble us more than they really do是对第二段第三句提到的we judge them to be more like us than they objectively are的同义转述,故答案为C)。A)和B)在文中均未提及;由该段末句提到...similarity of attitudes...was a good predictor of what friendships would be established...可知,观点相近的人更容易成为朋友,但这并不等于我们会强求别人与我们持相近的观点,故排除D)。
3. The experiment conducted on students living in one hostel suggested that
A.it was impossible to predict which friendships would develop.
B.in the long run, people get on better with those who are like them.
C.students split up as soon as they discovered differences in attitudes.
D.students immediately recognized others with similar attitudes and interests.
A B C D
B
事实细节题。第二段末句提到,“观点的相似性是什么样的友谊能够在4个月快要结束时建立起来的一个很好的预测”,由此可推断出,人们的观点越相似,建立的关系就越好,故答案为B)。A)中的impossible to predict与原文意思相反,故排除;C)在文中未提及,故排除;由第二段末提到的...since attitudes may not be obvious on first inspection可知,学生最初交往时彼此的观点分歧并不明显,故排除D)。
4. Studies of marriage relationships indicate that
A.opposites get on better than similar personalities.
B.the same basis for successful marriage applies for ordinary friendships.
C.it is first of all necessary to limit prospective partners to people from similar backgrounds.
D.the most successful are those between people who are alike but not exactly the same.
A B C D
D
事实细节题。由第三段第二句提到的“证据似乎更青睐把相似性而不是互补性作为成功关系的征兆”和第三句提到的“当一对夫妇不仅仅是相似而是基本相同时,似乎需要一些其他的东西”可知,相似性在成功的婚姻关系中起着重要的作用,但完全雷同则会带来问题,故答案为D)。A)与原文意思相反,故排除;B)在文中未提及,故排除;文中提到potential mates who come from similar backgrounds(有相似背景的潜在配偶),但并不能代表要将配偶的选择范围限定在背景相同的人中,故排除C)。
5. Which of the following best illustrates the major view of the passage?
TEXT D Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can be credited with conscious processing. Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the sun's position in the sky, and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained how bees, whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site. Other Behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found that mother chimpanzees occasionally show their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzees compared two pairs of food containing chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, five chips and three chips, the other four chips and three chips. Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort of summing ability. Other chimpanzees have learned to label quantities of items and do simple sums.
1. Which of the following is NOT discussed as an ability animals are thought to have?
C.To increase the speed of travel to food sources.
D.To identify the type of nectar that is available.
A B C D
B
细节理解题。文章第二段在蜜蜂跳舞的例子中提到"communicate the sources of nectar(花蜜)to one another",还有下一句"The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the sun's position in the sky,”因此,B为正确答案。其他三项题干内容均与原文不符。
3. It can be inferred from the passage that brain size is assumed to ______.
A.be an indicator of cognitive ability
B.vary among individuals within a species
C.be related to food consumption
D.correspond lo levels of activity
A B C D
A
推理题。作者在文章第二段举蜜蜂跳舞交流食物地点的例子提到"No one has yet explained how bees,whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce,could have inferred the location of the new site",由此可知,人们的假设是“大脑尺寸反映认知能力”。所以,A选项为正确答案。其他均未被提及。
4. It can be inferred from the statement about mother chimpanzees and their young (lines 21—23) that young chimpanzees have difficulty ______.
5. Scientists concluded from the experiment with chimpanzees and chocolate chips that chimpanzees ______.
A.lack abilities that other primates have
B.prefer to work in pairs or groups
C.exhibit behavior that indicates certain mathematic ability
D.have difficulty selecting when given choices
A B C D
C
推理题。文章在第三段简单介绍完“大猩猩选择巧克力”的实验后指出“showing some sort of summing ability",由此可知,它们具有数学计算能力。因此,C选项为正确答案。
TEXT E The generation of Americans who are now (in 1989) young adults has been, as odd as it sounds, deprived of the adversity that has been so valuable in shaping the American character. The First and Second World Wars, Korea, Vietnam, the Depression, the civil rightsmovement, and the assassinations during the 1960s were traumatic experiences that tested the nation's mettle and proved that we as a people, joined together, could meet the stiffest of challenges. Those tests, which ultimately gave us such great confidence, have been crucial to shaping every American generation this century. Until now, Americans in their late teens to early thirties—a group that accounts for a hefty 25 percent of the American population--are the first of this century to mature in a world where the elusive American ideal of simultaneous peace and prosperity is, for very many of them, at long last a reality. These young men and women were spared the brunt of the Cold War, of Vietnam, and of the domestic chaos and bitter discord of the 1960s. They have grown up in a world without the megachanges of previous decades such as the women's movement, for example, or the sexual revolution that the Pill brought about. They are the post-Vietnam generation, the 60.3 million Americans born from 1957 to 1971. The oldest of them, now thirty-two, remember Watergate, but they were preteens during the most turbulent parts of the late sixties. The youngest of them, now eighteen, were not even born when Martin Luther King, Jr., and Robert F. Kennedy were killed. The older ones come from the final years of the baby boom, the younger ones from the years when American birth rates were declining—now called the baby burst. But what makes this group fascinating is their lack of a common, bonding experience and their failure—so far—to challenge and push the nation as their predecessors did twenty years ago. In a sense they are a generation caught in the middle-not products of Vietnam, but not Nintendo ( 日本电子游戏机名) kids, either.
1. What is Not true of the generation of America in question?
A.They were born from 1957 - 1971.
B.The generation consists of 60.3 million Americans.
C.The generation accounts for 25 percent of the American population.
D.The generation has experienced challenges and domestic chaos.
A B C D
D
2. In the author's opinion, what is most important in shaping a generation?
A.Peace and prosperity.
B.Unfavorable conditions.
C.A world without megachanges.
D.the baby boom.
A B C D
B
3. The generation of Americans being talked about refers to those people________.
A.who are the first of this century to mature
B.who could meet the stiffest of challenges
C.who have matured in peace and prosperity
D.who remember the assassinations of Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr
A B C D
C
4. The author writes the passage to tell the reader that________.
A.the lack of adversity is a disadvantage
B.he envies the generation
C.America has now enjoyed peace and prosperity
D.the generation can join together and meet challenges
A B C D
A
5. To drive his point home, the author________.
A.gives a lot examples of the adversity
B.uses an inductive approach
C.describes the favorable conditions in detail
D.explains everything in a persuasive manner
A B C D
A
PART Ⅵ WRITING
SECTION A COMPOSITION
1. COOPERATION (COMPETITION) CAN DRIVE OUR SOCTETY FORWARD You are to write in three parts: In the first part, state your viewpoint. In the second part, illustrate your viewpoint with details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
1. Your friend, Jimmy, is iii, you want to visit him after working, but you can't. Please write a note to him, tell him the reason why you can't see him. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
参考范文 Sept. 20 Dear Jimmy, I'm very sorry to hear that you're ill these days. Are you down with a bad cold? Or is it because you worked too hard? Are you feeling better now? I really want to go and see you, but a new task my boss assigned yesterday has prevented me from paying you a visit. Any way, I'll come to you as soon as I finish it. Until then, I pray for your early recovery. All the best. Your. ×××