1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third reading, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
[解析] What Is a Trojan Horse? Trojan horse attacks pose one of the most serious threats to computer security. This passage will teach you how to avoid falling prey to them, and how to repair the damage if you already did. According to legend, the Greeks won the Trojan war by hiding in a huge, hollow wooden horse to sneak into the fortified city of Troy. In today's computer world, a Trojan horse is defined as a "malicious, security- breaking program that is disguised as something benign" such as a movie or game. An example of a Trojan horse was the infamous "Love Bug". If this apparent love letter was opened, it would cause a lot of problems, such as sending itself to everybody on your email address book or erasing or modifying your files, and downloading another Trojan horse program designed to steal your passwords so as to take over your computer and "remote control" it. (150 words)
[解析] I: Hello, Nancy. I know you are one of the few women taxi drivers in the city now and you drive for a living. What made you want to become a taxi driver in the first place? N: I took pride in driving well even when I was young, for I had to wait until I had a car to learn to drive. When 1 finally learned, it was something I really enjoyed and still enjoy. I: I see. And how long have you been a taxi driver? N: Er... altogether 12 years. I: Mm... It has been quite some time already, hasn't it? N: Yeah. I: Then, what did you find the hardest about becoming a taxi driver? N: It was scary. I did not yet know how to judge distance, and when a truck came nearer, it seemed like its wheels would just come right over me. Anyway, soon I learned it ail and stopped worrying. I: In your opinion, what does it take to become a good taxi driver? N: Er... besides driving well, the most important thing a taxi driver needs to know is the streets, and I knew the city well because I'd lived there for a long time. And, of course, you have to keep updating your knowledge of the streets because the city changes. I: Now, what about annual vacation? Do you have them? N: Oh, yes. When I first started, I had only 10 days. And now 1 have 3 weeks every year with pay. I: Just out of curiosity, when you go on vacation to another place, do you drive there as well? N: In most cases, not. I prefer to be driven by others if we go by car. I've had too much driving in my life. So when on holiday, I just want to relax. I: OK. Our interview is coming to the end. Thank you for your time. N: Pleasure.
[解析] 题目涉及到南希为什么要当一名出租车司机,由I took pride in driving well even when I was young可知,驾车是她多年的梦想,只不过要等她有了车以后才能实现,故答案为[D]。
2. According to Nancy, what was the most difficult about becoming a taxi driver?
A.The right sense of direction.
B.The sense of judgment.
C.The skill of driving.
D.The size of vehicle.
A B C D
B
[解析] 题干问题属于肯定表达,对话中往往以问句形式表现,所以问句后听到的便是答案。当南希被问到当一名出租车司机最困难的亭时,其回答是:I did not yet know how to judge distance,由此可知答案为[B]。
3. What makes a good taxi driver according to Nancy?
A.Courage.
B.Knowledge of the streets.
C.Kindness.
D.Constant learning.
A B C D
B
[解析] 题干问题属于肯定表达,对话中往往以问句形式表现,所以问句后听到的便是答案。当南希被问到成为一名出色的出租车司机需要什么时,其回答是:the most important thing... is the streets,由此可知答案是[B],其他三个选项对话中并未提到。
4. Nancy thinks vacation is a time
A.for other people to drive.
B.for her to drive in other cities.
C.for her to rest from driving.
D.for people to drive with relaxation.
A B C D
C
[解析] 题目涉及到南希在假期期间是否驾车,由I prefer to... I just want to relax可知答案为[C]。
A.The company cannot reserve some accommodation for their VIP clients.
B.The company is now enjoying a flourishing period.
C.The company suffered a lot last year.
D.The company has a close relationship with the hotel.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: After the expansion of the company last year, we are getting far more visitors coming over, so we would like to reserve some accommodation for some important clients of ours, and we want to know what you could provide. M: Well, working with companies and giving VIP guests special treatment is part of our service. So if you will just give me the details-numbers, dates, and so on--we can try to work out a package. W: Right then. Well, the clients concerned are three directors from IBM. We would like them to have three luxury rooms with all facilities. M: Right, I get the picture and as regards meals? W: Breakfast, of course, but any other meals would be charged to us in addition to what we agree now. However, we would like to include in the package a special dinner when they arrive--dinner for six, including the directors of our company and we would also like some extra luxuries for them on arrival--bottle of champagne and a bouquet of flowers in each room. M: No problem. That's included in our VIP package. Now the dates? W: From March 1 to March 4. M: That's three nights. Now that's a peak time for us, and our rates would normally be high. However I could accommodate the clients in three luxury suites, which I'll show you in a moment. I can quote you a special all-inclusive rate of £ 1,800. W: That sounds acceptable.
6. The following are all included in the hotel's package EXCEPT the service of______.
A.a good wine
B.a bunch of flowers
C.a special dinner
D.a free concert
A B C D
D
7. According to the conversation, what is the cost for each person in such a luxury room each day?
C.She intends to help the man to find a girlfriend.
D.She needs some help from the man.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: Good morning, madam. What can I do for you? W: Good morning. I'd like to have a babysitter to look after my baby son when I'm out working during the day. Have you got any applicants to recommend? M: Yes, we have quite a few here, and you'll see they are all very good. I'd love to help you choose one. Look at this Tai girl. Her name is Suwann and she's 19 years old. W: Do you know anything about her qualifications? M: She obtained her driving license two years ago and is a safe driver now. She has a great command of English. She's a friendly person and wins over children very quickly with creative games. W: Has she got any experience in childcare? M: Oh, yes. She has worked as a babysitter in Britain for two years. Her childcare experience ranges from one year old to six years old in daycare and baby-sitting. Her references have glowing reports on her. Read this one here: warm-hearted, joyful and ready to help. She is committed to her duties and can handle new situations very well. I'm sure she will be a great asset to your family. W: I believe so, but could you tell me something about her family? M: Certainly. Suwann comes from a big and warm family. There are seven children and she has taken on many responsibilities with her younger siblings. One of them is cooking. W: That's wonderful. It seems that she'll be a good choice.
9. Which one is NOT the qualification of the Tai girl?
A.She is a Safe driver.
B.She has a good proficiency in English.
C.She is young and skillful in game playing.
D.She has a good personality.
A B C D
C
10. What can we know from the passage about the Tai girl?
A.When she was 17 years old she got a driving license.
B.She cannot cope with the new situations very well.
C.She lived in a tragic and cold family.
D.She has three years' experience in daycare.
A B C D
A
11. Which one is NOT true according to the passage?
[解析] Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems, even death. Floods, storms and other natural events kill thousands of people every year. So does extreme heat. Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer. For example, Indian officials blamed extreme heat for killing more than two hundred people in late May11. Temperatures reached almost fifty degrees Celsius in several Indian states. Several hot days that follow each other are considered a heat wave. Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body12. Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat. Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials. Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement. Also, learn the danger signs of the medical problems linked to heat13.
细节题。文中提到印度高温天气导致许多人死亡。其他选项几乎在文中没有提及。
2. What will heat wave lead to?
A.Great stress on the body.
B.Extreme pain to the" old.
C.Forest fire.
D.Strange diseases.
A B C D
A
细节题。极端高温天气会给人带来很大的压力。其他选项几乎在文中没有提及。
3. Which of the following is NOT the measure to tackle extreme heat?
A.Staying out of sun.
B.Drinking lots of cool water.
C.Wearing light colored loose clothing.
D.Paying attention to the dangerous signs in public.
A B C D
D
细节比较题。如何应对高温天气,文中提到前面三项内容,D和原文有出入“learn the danger signs of the medical problems linked to heat.”
[解析] Do you know how astronauts act while whirling through space? Their food comes in plastic tubes, and they eat it from the tubes. Why? Spacecraft food must be light and easy to store. It must also be non-spoilable. Many of the foods made for eating in a spaceship have been a success. In fact, everyone may soon be able to have them! Scientists have learned to keep some foods from spoiling by removing the oxygen from them. This is done by pumping nitrogen gas into them, forcing nearly all the oxygen out. Without oxygen, bacteria cannot grow, nor can the foods spoil. Freeze-drying is another way to keep food from spoiling. First the foods are frozen. Then they are dried. Fruits, vegetables, meat, and even ice-cream can be freeze-dried. Years later, you can just add milk or water, and they're ready to be eaten. And freeze-dried foods need no refrigeration! Besides non-spoilable foods, scientists can now make foods from non-food materials. Coal, gas, and other non-foods have been turned into foods. By treating these materials with bacteria, scientists can produce rich proteins. Experts say that four out of five of the world's people do not eat enough protein. Man-made proteins could help people in needy areas. But it should be a long time before we sit down to a bowl of coal and a glass of gas.
[解析] 本题询问freeze-dried food“冻干食品”的特点。由短文中提到的“Freeze-drying...to keep food from spoiling”和“Years later,you can add milk or water...”可知答案为[D],a long time对应短文中的Years。
6. One solution to the world's food shortage problem could be found in
A.foods from non-food materials.
B.foods in plastic tubes.
C.freeze-dried foods.
D.eatable food packages.
A B C D
A
[解析] [B]说的是包装食物的方式,[C]说的是食物的保存方法,这两者都不是解决食物短缺的办法,故很有可能都不是答案。短文中提到“scientists can now make foods from non-food materials”,由此可知,答案为[A]。
7. How many students did Harvard have at the very beginning?
A.6.
B.9.
C.10.
D.16.
A B C D
B
[解析] Harvard University is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, the university has grown from 9 students with a single master to the present enrollment of more than 18,000 students, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professional schools. Over 14,000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 faculties. Harvard has produced six presidents of the United States and 34 Nobel Prize winners. During its early years, Harvard offered a classic academic course based on the model of English universities, but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy. Although many of its early graduates became ministers in Puritan churches throughout New England, the university never formally affiliated with a specific religious group. Under President Pusey, Harvard started what was then the largest fund-raising campaign in the history of American higher education. The 82.5-million-dollar program increased faculty salary, broadened student aid, created new professorships and expanded Harvard's physical facilities.
8. Harvard University offer a classic academic course based on the model of ______during its early years.
A.English universities
B.American universities
C.Puritan universities
D.its own
A B C D
A
9. Which of the following was NOT the achievement of the fund-raising campaign started by President Pusey?
C.generally like snuggling up to their mothers for warmth
D.are not happy wallowing in the mud
A B C D
A
[解析] Piglets may be happy wallowing in the mud, but they get a much better start in life if they are nurtured on a warm waterbed. Instead of snuggling up to their mothers for warmth in their cold pigsty and running the risk of being crushed--a common cause of early death--German scientists said waterbeds could be a safer alternative. When Martin Ziron and researchers at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics in Giessen, Germany tested various heating methods on 1,400 piglets during their first weeks of life, waterbeds won hands down. "Around 99 percent of the piglets preferred warm waterbeds to any of the alternatives, spending well over half the day lounging about on them and only getting up to feed or play," New Scientist said Wednesday. The scientists compared the number of injures, which usually occur while scrambling for a feeding position, and the weight gain of the piglets which were provided with plastic plates, foam mats waterbeds, straw or concrete. Piglets on the waterbeds had fewer injuries and gained much more weight than the animals kept on concrete. According to the magazine, the waterbeds are made from a tough plastic membrane and can be heated from underneath by an electric mat or from above by infrared lamps.
11. What is NOT the benefit the piglets getting from sleeping on the waterbeds than otherwise?
A.They can get much more weight.
B.They suffer many potential injuries.
C.Avoid the risk of possible early death.
D.They can eat much more than otherwise.
A B C D
D
12. Which one is NOT true about the waterbeds?
A.They can be heated by electric mat or infrared lamps.
B.They are made from tough plastic membrane.
C.They are the best choice in the scientific test.
D.They are much safer for the piglets but hard to control.
1. How many students were in this test about economics?
A.79,000.
B.11,500.
C.47,000.
D.54,000.
A B C D
B
[解析] How much do American high school students know about economics? A new report shows that seventy-nine percent of twelfth-graders have at least a basic level of understanding. The results come from testing eleven thousand five hundred students last year in public and private schools. In fact, students did better in economics than in history or science. Only forty-seven percent of those tested reached the basic level in history. And fifty-four percent performed at or above the basic level in science. This is the first time the federal government has measured economic understanding among high school students. The study was done as part of the National Assessment of Educational Progress, called the Nation's Report Card.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Only a small part of the twelfth-graders have a basic level of understanding of economics.
B.The students did better in the economics test than in history or science.
C.The tests were given to the university students.
D.47 percent of the high school graduates had taken an economics class.
3. Mr. Thaksin is the first prime minister in modern Thai history who ______.
A.completed his full term in office and won re-election
B.is one of Thailand's richest men and won re-election
C.is popular among the poor but failed in re-election
D.completed his full term in office but failed in re-election
A B C D
A
[解析] Thaksin Shinawatra Tuesday announced in a subdued tone, that he was resigning as prime minister, saying the time had come for unity and national reconciliation. The mood was quite different 14 months ago when Thaksin made history as the first prime minister in modern Thai history to complete his full term in office and win re-election. During a campaign interview then, Mr. Thaksin, one of Thailand' s richest men, explained what made him so popular among the poor, rural Thais that make up 70% of the population. "I want to eradicate poverty. Poverty is very important," he said. "We have to help them. " 细节题。文中提到:当他历史性地成为泰国史上第一位完成任期并再度当选总理时,语气可完全不同。
4. The poor, rural Thais make up ______ of the population.
5. What was the situation of the independent film producers?
A.They were the highlights of the film festivals.
B.Their works were popular in small theaters and rented halls.
C.They were once on the fringes of the movie industry.
D.Their works were given an important exposure.
A B C D
C
[解析] Independent film producers were once on the flinges of the movie industry, struggling to have their works seen in small theaters and rented halls. The Sundance Festival has helped change all that by giving independent films recognition and all-important exposure. The Sundance festival and the Slamdance Festival, which takes place at the same time, have put Park City, Utah on the Hollywood map. Every January, this ski resort with a population of about 7,000 hosts more than double that number of people who come to the festivals.
[解析] 新闻提到,独立制片人曾一度处在电影业边缘,他们的作品需费尽办法才能在小剧院或租来的礼堂里放映。故答案为C。 [点睛] 选项A、B和D中的highlight,popular,an important exposure表达的都是同一个语义,即受重视,只有选项C表达的语义是不受重视,故可在预读时推断选项C是正确答案。
6. How many people come to Park City every January?
[解析] Despite reports of intimidation, Zimbabweans swarmed to polling stations on the final day of voting in the most competitive parliamentary election in Zimbabwe's history. On the first day of voting, lines of hundreds of voters sneaked around some of the country's 4,000 polling stations. A total of 120 seats were being contested, and Mugabe appoints another 30 law makers giving him and his party a built-in advantage.
8. The reduction of ______ UN peace-keeping troops within 3 months from Rwanda is authorized.
A.5,500
B.2,300
C.3,200
D.1,800
A B C D
C
[解析] The UN Security Council has unanimously adopted a resolution renewing the UN peace-keeping force in Rwanda for another 6 months while reducing its size by more than half. The UN resolution authorizes the reduction of the UN assistance mission in Rwanda from 5 ,SO0 troops to 2,300 troops within three months and to 1,800 troops within four months. The resolution is a compromise between a proposal by UN Sec rotary General to cut the UN force in half and Rwandans' wish for an even larger reduction. Rwandan authorities say they have assumed responsibility for national security following last year's Hutu-led genocide, reducing the need for UN peace keeping. The UN force will also help with the Training of the national police force and with the delivery of humanitarian aid.
9. It is agreed that the UN force will help with the following EXCEPT ______.
[解析] Tokyo intends to bid for the 2020 Olympics. City governor Shintaro Ishihara made the declaration following his re-election for a fourth term. He said that although the 2020 Games are nine years from then, they could start raising their hand, and If they worked hard with hope, it would be a big catalyst for their country's reconstruction and revival. Large areas of Japan's east coast were devastated by the 9.0-magnitude quake and resulting tsunami waves. In 2009, Tokyo lost out to Rio de Janeiro in the race to host the 2016 Olympics. Ishihara was criticised for spending in the region of 15 billion yen ( $176m) on Tokyo's failed bid which centred on staging a compact and eco-friendly games. Candidates for 2020 must submit their bids to the International Olympic Committee by September this year. The host city will be chosen in Buenos Aires in September 2013. Berlin, Busan, Cape Town, Doha, Rome and Istanbul are among the cities to have signalled an interest in bidding to stage the 2020 event.
11. Which of the following city has NOT shown interest in holding 2020 Olympics?
A.Rio de Janeiro.
B.Berlin.
C.Doha.
D.Cape Town.
A B C D
A
PART Ⅲ CLOZE Modem advertising men try to justify what they do by telling us of the advantages of advertising. Thus, it is said that advertising 1 the price of goods because it increases the number that 2 . In fact, products could often be sold more cheaply if 3 not wasteful 4 between companies. This results 5 expensive advertisements, the cost of which is passed 6 the public. A magazine has point ed out that headache pills without 7 name can be sold very cheaply, but the same pills, advertised 8 a cost of half a million pounds a year, cost five times 9 . Secondly, it is suggested that advertising gives information to the customer. It is, of course, 10 to know what is 11 at the local cinema, the date of a 12 or even that certain types of goods are available. But most advertising does 13 than inform, and much is misleading. You would be very wrong to believe that all the tests shown on television are 14 . Thus, in a polish advertisement, black glass was used instead of wood to give a shiny 15 , and in a cat's food advertisement, 16 meat was used because the eat refusal to eat the tinned product. That whiter than white shirt in a washing powder ad is 17 to be bright blue. Finally, it is said that advertising 18 the quality of goods because advertisers worry about their reputations, This may be so in many 19 , but it could also be argued that advertising has made people willing to 20 poor quality goods.
4. Those two ideas must be kept ______ one from the ether.
A.distinctive
B.distinguished
C.disguised
D.distinct
A B C D
D
distinct,清楚的,明显的,截然不同的,本题意为“必须将两种思想截然分开”。 distinctive,与众不同的,有特点的。如:distinctive appearance,特别的外貌;下句可显示distinct 和 distinctive 的区别:Beer has a very distinctive smell;it's quite distinct from the smell of wine.啤酒的气味很独特,它和葡萄酒的气味截然不同。disgusied,被伪装的:distinguished,卓越的,杰出的。
5. You ______ the look on her face when her son won the prize.
11. Merry is a woman of ______ who has never abandoned her principles for the sake of winning a vote.
A.honesty
B.reputation
C.integrity
D.notoriety
A B C D
C
名词辨析题。integrity指道德健全,尤其表现在考验目标的坚定、责任心和信任感的行为中:“正直,诚实,廉正”,根据从句中“who has never...”可知它符合题意。honesty意为“真诚,诚实”; reputation意为“名誉,名声”;notoriety意为“声名狼藉”。
12. It's incredible that France ______ the EU Constitution.
A.rejects
B.rejected
C.has rejected
D.should have rejected
A B C D
D
题意为:法国居然拒绝了欧盟宪法,这真令人难以置信。 此题考查虚拟语气。It's incredible这个词组后面所用的that从句一般用虚拟语气。这种结构表示强烈的语气。要用虚拟的还有it's a pity,it's a shame,it's strange,it is no wonder,I'm sorry,we are surprised,they were disappointed等。
13. The link worker can help ______ language and cultural barriers between the doctor or nurse and the patient.
18. In spite of the treatment, the pain in his leg grew in ______ .
A.gravity
B.extent
C.intensity
D.amount
A B C D
C
名词辨析题。intensity意为“强度,强烈”,句中的treatment和后面的grew in intensity正好构成让步关系,故[C]为答案。gravity意为“重力,严重”,例如;He doesn't seem to understand the gravity of the situation.(他似乎没有意识到形势的严重性。)这个词不能用来指疼痛的严重程度,排除。extent意为“范围,程度”,例如:I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge.(我对他知识的渊博感到惊奇。)该词用来指范围的大小,不用来指疼痛的强度。amount用来指不可数名词量的多少,例如金钱的多少,同样不符合语境。
19. I'd prefer him ______ the key under the mat.
A.to leave
B.leave
C.leaving
D.left
A B C D
A
在这里,to leave不定式作宾语补足语。
20. Is there ______ to eat? It smells delicious.
A.a thing
B.anything
C.something
D.everything
A B C D
C
因为说话者已经闻到了香味,预感到了有吃的东西,所以当他问是否有吃的东西时,预期(或希望)得到的是肯定的回答,因此尽管该句是问句,也应用something。请与下句比较:Is there anything to eat?问话者的意思是:我饿了,想吃点东西,但问话者并不知道是否有吃的东西。
21. Undergraduate students have no ________ to the rare books in the school library.
A.access
B.entrance
C.way
D.path
A B C D
A
[解析] 考点:词语辨析。access表示“获得或使用的机会”、“进入或接近的机会或权利”、“入口”、“使用途径”等,后一般与介词 to 搭配。entrance表示可“进入某个地方、建筑等的人口”、“进入许可”、“进入方式”等,后也与 to 搭配。way与 path 都表示“路径”、“途径”。 [译文]本科生不可以使用校图书馆里的珍藏书籍。
22. The thieves _______ the papers all over the room as they were searching for the money.
23. Before his death last year, Professor Talline decided that he _________ leave $100,000 to iris university.
A.can
B.would
C.may
D.shall
A B C D
B
[解析] 戴林教授在去世的前一年决定将十万美金留给母校。 [注释] 主从句的谓语时态一致问题。
24. As 4 to 8, ______ 8 is to 16.
A.as
B.so
C.that
D.which
A B C D
B
[解析] 考查固定句型。so前后两句话有着相类似的内在联系,即“A对B”就如A1对B1,so的意思是in the same way,表示在程度和结构关系上的一致。
25. Looking around the small village, he felt as though he ______ from an evil dream.
A.woke
B.wakes
C.would wake
D.had woken
A B C D
D
[解析] 环顾这个小村落,他感觉好像从噩梦中惊醒一般。 [解析] 考查as if/as though引导的状语从句中虚拟语气的使用。as if/as though“好像,仿佛”引导的方式状语从句中,用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟,用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。本题主句中的felt表明是对过去虚拟,所以要用had woken。又如:We felt as if we had witnessed the whole thing.(我们觉得好像亲眼目睹了这一切似的。)
26. My father didn't fly to London for the opening ceremony, because his doctor suggested that he ______ there.
30. The robber ran off with an angry crowd at his______.
A.feet
B.heels
C.toes
D.backs
A B C D
B
这道题考查at/on sb.'s heels;on the heels of sb.固定词组,意为“紧跟在……后面”。
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION
TEXT A The English language exists in a condition of everlasting danger, its American branch most particularly, assaulted as it is from all sides by those who would reduce it to puzzling and obscure jargon, pop-psychological nonsense and vague beautified words, but it is not without its defenders. Ken Smith, author of Junk English, is the leading figure. He begins with a brief and clear declaration: "Junk English is much more than loose and casual grammar. It is a signal of human weaknesses and cultural license: abandoning the language of the educated yet giving birth to its own self-glorifying words and phrases, favoring appearance over substance, broadness over precision, and loudness above all. It is sometimes innocent, sometimes lazy, sometimes well intended, but most often it is a trick we play on ourselves to make the unremarkable seem important. Its scope has been widened by politicians, business executives, and the PR and advertising industries in their employ, who use it to spread fog before facts they would rather keep hidden. The result is... a world of humbug in which the more we read and hear, the less we know." Smith is, of course, saying something not true—it is difficult to imagine that Junk English will be noticed, much less read, by those who most could profit from it—but it is an instructive and entertaining instructions and explanation all the same. He tries his hands at all the right places—jargon, cliches, euphemisms, and exaggeration—but he doesn't swing blindly. "Although jargon often sounds ugly to outsiders, it speeds communication within the community that uses it"—and that "clich6s, though popular objects of scorn, are useful when they most compactly express an idea; deliberate avoidance of an appropriate cliche sometimes produces even worse writing." In other words, Smith may be passionate but he's also sensible. In a section about "free-for-all verbs," for example, he acknowledges that "There is no law against inventing one's own verbs" before citing a few funny instances of what happens when "Things get a little out of hand," i.e. "We're efforting to work this out" or "She tried to guilt him into returning the money." In the end, though, being sensible about language is in essence trying to insist that words mean what they properly mean and are used accordingly. Thus, for example, Smith insists that "dialogue" and "discussion" are not synonyms and should not be used interchangeably; that "complimentary" does not mean "free"; that "experience" does not mean "feel"; that "facilitate" does not mean "ease"; that "generate" does not mean "produce"; that "lifestyle" does not mean "life". Smith obviously has spent a lot of time making notes about the ways in which we min and abuse our language, with results that are impressive in their thoroughness and depressing in their going to far. Occasionally he overlooks the obvious—among euphemisms he mentions "customer care representative" but not "courtesy call," and among the previously mentioned palsy-walsy language he inexplicably overlooks "Your call is important to us"—but then, as he says at the outset, he intended to write a short book and as a result had to leave out many misdeeds. The ones he includes more than do the job.
1. Which of the following best describes junk English?
A.Overblown.
B.Complicated.
C.Vulgar.
D.Unfashionable, outdated.
A B C D
A
事实细节题。根据文章第二段第二句话:垃圾英语抛弃体面的语言,滋生虚假矫饰的词语和词组,华而不实、空洞而不精确、虚张声势、夸大其词等等,可以确定选项[A]为正确答案。选项 [B]只是表层现象,并未涉及垃圾英语的本质特点;选项[C]偏离文章意思,并不是“粗俗的,粗鄙的”;根据本段最后两句话:“Its scope has been widened by...”,“The result is... a world of humbug...”可见这种英语很盛行,故排除选项[D]。
2. The item "humbug" in the last sentence of Para. 2 can be replaced by ______.
A.tempt or temptation
B.deception, or trickery
C.nonsense or rubbish
D.mannerism, pretense
A B C D
D
词义理解题。文章第二段第二句话指出:垃圾英语矫情虚饰,华而不实;倒数第二句又说许多人利用它来“to spread fog before facts they would rather keep hidden”,最后一句说结果是以至于满世界都是humbug,所以“the more we read and hear, the less we know”,可以推断humbug在这里意思是“矫揉造作”,选项[A]“诱惑”不合题意;选项[B]言过其实;选项[C]没有抓住中心要害,应排除。
3. What is meant by "he doesn't swing blindly" (Line 4, Paragraph 3)?
A.Ken Smith provides sufficient examples for his criticism.
B.Ken Smith hits junk English in the right point.
C.Ken Smith acknowledges some positive side to junk English.
D.Ken Smith bravely defends jargon, cliches, euphemism and exaggeration.
A B C D
C
推断题。文章第三段第三句说Smith对行话、陈词滥调、委婉语和夸张等垃圾英语进行抨击,但是紧接着第四句话又说“jargon... speeds communication...”,“cliches... are useful”,所以这种抨击不是盲目的,因为垃圾英语有其合理的地方:可以加快交流,避免繁琐和不便等,[C]正合题意。选项[A]偏离题意,不在于论据多少;选项[D]矫枉过正,为垃圾英语勇敢辩护不是Smith的本意,只是他没有一刀切而已;选项[B]是干扰项,hits in the right point正好跟not swing blindly对应,但是在这里文章意思并不是说他正击中要害、一针见血。
4. According to the text, what is a "free-for-all verb"?
A.An irregular verb like "grow" or "speak".
B.A verb that is converted from a noun at will.
C.A verb that is formed by taking off an affix from a noun.
D.A verb that does not comply with grammatical rules.
A B C D
B
事实细节题。根据第四段的两个例子,我们可以看出,所谓的free-for-all verb是指通过此类转换随意将名词动词化的那些词语。所以答案为[B]。选项[C]从文中的论述看不出来;选项[A]不规则动词和选项[D]不遵守语法规则的动词是干扰项,但是前者不能在文中找到支持,后者根据前一句话“he acknowledges... before citing a few funny instances of what happens when 'things set a little out of hand'”,这些动词只不过是稍微出格,而不是完全不合语法规则,予以排除。
5. What would the author do with Ken Smith's Junk English?
A.He would highly recommend it.
B.He would recommend it with strong reservation.
C.He is indifferent to it.
D.He would hold it up as trash.
A B C D
A
综合推断题。作者在第一段中指出“it is not without defenders.”“Ken Smith... is the leading figure”,说Smith写《垃圾英语》是为了捍卫饱受糟蹋的英语,第三段第一句话中it is an instructive and entertaining instruction and explanation,说它有教育意义、引人入胜;在第四段第一句话说 Smith may be passionate but he's also sensible.;最后一段说“(Smith) spent a lot of time making notes ..., with results that are impressive in their thoroughness”,虽然漏掉了一些例子,但是The ones he includes more than do the job,仍然是不错的一本书。选项[B]偏离了文章作者的意图,选项[C]认为作者漠不关心,不合文意;选项[D]认为这本书是垃圾,与原文相违背,所以排除。
TEXT B Given the briefest of glances at a picture, most people believe they have not had time to recognize anything in it at all. Ask them whether they saw an animal and they consider themselves to be making a futile guess. Yet those guesses are right much more often than they are wrong. That is because the brain can carry out immediate visual processing even when it does not have time for any cognitive back-chatter. A neuroscientist trying to understand how people recognize objects would thus start with this simplest of systems. That is the purpose of Dr. Serre's computer. His project is nothing less than ad attempt to reverseengineer the relevant part of the brain. That part is the ventral visual pathway. Anatomy shows that it is organized into numerous areas. Experiments on monkeys, in which researchers have recorded what excites individual nerve cells in each of these areas, give strong hints about how it works. The pathway is hierarchical. Signals from the retina flow to the most basic processing area first; the cells in that area fire up others in the next area, and so on. Those in the first area are fussy. They react to edges or bars in particular orientations. By combining their signals, however, cells in the second area can respond to comers or bars in any orientation. And so the system builds up. Cells in the final area can recognize general things, animals included. Dr. Serre considered his computer's processing units analogous to nerve cells, and he organized them into areas, just as they are in real brains. Then he let the machine learn in much the same way that babies do. First he mimicked early development when nerve cells are plastic. At this stage babies' brains tune their nerve cells to visual features according to how common those features am in the world around them. That is why kittens raised so that they see only vertical lines have brains that look different from those raised in an environment with purely horizontal ones. Dr. Serre's processor developed sensitivities in a similar fashion when he showed it lots of photographs. That stage complete, he then told the computer when what it "saw" contained an animal, and when it did not. The result was a model that closely imitates the ventral visual pathway. Processing units in each area are sensitive to the same set of features as nerve cells in the brain's analogous areas, and they are linked together as they are in the brain. This artificial recognition system correctly distinguishes photographs containing animals from those without creatures 82% of the time; Dr. Serre's students get it right 80% of the time. Moreover, his computer and his volunteers tend to slip up on the same images — and turning photographs on their sides makes poorer animal-recognizers out of both, by roughly the same amount.
1. The phrase "cognitive back-chatter" in paragraph 1 probably means ______.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about ventral visual pathway?
A.It is made up of several parallelled areas.
B.It is the part in brain relevant to recognizing objects.
C.There are numerous nerve cells responding to bars in various orientations.
D.There are difficult areas processing different kinds of data.
A B C D
B
细节题。第一段末提到要了解人是如何识别物体的就要研究大脑的某个系统。第二段段首说这就是Dr,Serre的项目的研究目的;第二句和第三句接着解释其研究项目,同时提到 ventral visual pathway就是the relevant part of the brain,也就是说ventral visual pathway就是人大脑中和识别物体有关的那个部分,故选B。第三段第一句说ventral visual pathway是hierarchical的,故A不对;第四句说They(cells)react to edges or bars in particular orientations,故C不对;选项D原文未提及。
3. Dr. Serre's processor ______ when shown a lot of photographs.
TEXT C When something happens to shake our culture—like the terrorist attacks—we pause, not merely from fear. A deeper self-examination is going on all over the country. And love, family and faith are emerging. Single people are flocking to dating services, looking for committed relationships. Bridal retailers report a surge in sales. Sales of old-fashioned board games have skyrocketed. The new appreciation for time spent with those we love poses a great spiritual question to materialistic yuppies and workaholic careerists, and that question is this: "Was your life before September 11 really working for you?" To many, the answer is no. We once heard of a CEO who spoke at his retirement dinner to a group of your executives. He said, "I know you want my job, and I'll tell you how to get it. Last week my daughter was married, and as she walked down the aisle, I realized I did not know the name of her best friend, or the last book she read, or her favorite color. That's the price I paid for this job. If you want to pay that price, you can have it." People are figuring out the price they have been paying for their lives, arid for many it's just too damn We asked kids during December to name the very best gift they could receive. Their answer took our breath away. The overwhelming choice was "More time with my mom and dad." Evil is always angry and hurtful. It always delights in the misery of others. This is the evil of terrorism. September 11 did not teach us anything new about evil. What did become apparent is the stunning variety and scope of human goodness. Pick any story: the elderly woman who donated the money she had planned to spend on a hearing aid; the sacrifice of Father Mychal Judge, who died after giving last rites in the shower of dust and hones; the volunteers from everywhere who responded to the needs of strangers as if the call came from home. In thousands of stories we learn that the great human evil we witnessed was met by a wave of heroism and kindness that dwarfed it. Such goodness puts evil Into perspective. We see how the healing power of human compassion far out- weighs the corrosive power of human evil. In the final summing up, it is the good in us that defines this moment in our co1lective history. There is a lot of talk about spirituality nowadays. Often it means: "I am not part of any organized religion." We are telling people to give that old-time religion another good look. The clergy of our country have done a great thing for God and for America in the last months. In a thousand places of worship, they welcome and counsel and comfort the bereaved and the weary. We have to come home to faith. There is a teaching in the Jewish faith that is also reflected in an African proverb: "Sticks in a bundle are unbreakable, but sticks alone can be broken by a child." We need to be bundled, and our bundles protect us best ff they are bigger than just our family and small circle of friends. We need a place to go that is not home or work, where we can be bundled together with other seekers in need of hope. The ways we find God are al- most always the same as the ways we find each other.
1. The author used the word "self-examination" (Para. 1) to mean ______.
A.refiecting on the reason for the attacks
B.checking up on one's physical condition
C.looking Into one's values and attitudes
D.confronting painful reality
A B C D
C
主旨题。对应原文第三段: The new appreciation for time spent with those we love poses a great spiritual question to materialistic yuppies and workaholic careerists, and that question is this: "Was your life before September 11 really working for you?"可知全文的主旨是呼吁美国人重新审视生活的意义和价值观。答案为C。pose vt. 造成,引丰收yuppie n.雅皮士(住大城市、具有知识技能、讲究生活品味的少壮职业人士,young urban professionals 的首字母的缩写)。
2. ______is not mentioned in the text as having become popular with the public after the disaster.
A.Dating
B.Getting married
C.Traveling
D.Playing chess
A B C D
C
细节理解题。对应原文第二段:Single people are flocking to dating services, looking for committed relationships. Bridal retailers report a surge in sales. Sales of old-fashioned board games have skyrocketed.其中未提到成为灾后热点的是旅游。所以答案C。flock vi.聚集;成群地去(或来)bridal adj.新娘的;婚礼的surge n.激增skyrocket vi.猛涨;突然高升
3. The disaster offers an opportunity for people who work extra hard to ______.
A.quit their previous life-style
B.calculate the cost of their business
C.work even harder
D.reflect on their success
A B C D
D
细节理解题。对应原文第三段: The new appreciation for time spent with those we love poses a great spiritual question to materialistic yuppies and workaholic careerists...答案为D。
4. What do we know about terrorism?
A.It is always overshadowed by human goodness.
B.It shocks us again with its evilness.
C.It was somehow predicted.
D.It happens all the time.
A B C D
A
细节理解题。对应原文第八段:In thousands of stories we learn that the great human evil we witnessed was met by a wave of heroism and kindness that dwarfed it. 答案为A。 dwarf vt.使显得矮小。
5. By quoting an African proverb, the author does NOT imply that people should ______.
A.spend more time with their family members
B.make more friends
C.unite with all those who are of the same religion
D.leave their families and friends alone.
A B C D
D
细节理解题。对应原文最后一段: We need to be bundled, and our bundles protect us best if they are bigger than just our family and small circle of friends. We need a place to go that is not home or work, where we can be bundled together with other seekers in need of hope. The ways we find God are al- most always the same as the ways we find each other. 答案为D。 bundle vt.捆;把......扎成一包
TEXT D President will make his case for his $1.6 trillion tax cut plan, delivering a speech at a community center in St. Louis. The proposal would slash federal tax rates across all levels of income, eliminate the so- called marriage penalty and phase out estate taxes. Democrats complain that the plan--which would cut the top rate from 39 to 33 percent--would disproportionately benefit the wealthy and unnecessarily squander expected budget surpluses. Some of the richest Americans are urging Congress not to repeal the estate tax, The New York Times reported on Wednesday, Feb. 14. About 120 wealthy Americans had signed or supported a petition to oppose phasing out the tax. President Bush has included the repeal of the tax in his $1.6 trillion tax cut proposal. Normally when "dozens" of Americans join in a political cause, it is not particularly noteworthy, but in this case the dozens include: George Soros, a billionaire financier; Warren Buffett, an investor listed as America's fourth-richest person; the philanthropist David Rockefeller Jr.; and William Gates Sr., a Seattle lawyer and father of America's richest man, Microsoft Corp. Chairman Bill Gates. It was refreshing to see Buffett and George Soros and a number of other extremely wealthy luminaries stand up in opposition to President Bush's proposed repeal of the estate tax. While the policy has some emotional attractions--it would protect the inheritors of some small businesses from having to sell the companies to pay taxes, and it is true that most people have been taxed on their savings once already--in practice the tax repeal would mainly be a windfall for a very small number of very, very rich people. Buffett and company cite these factors in their petition calling for opposition to the estate-tax repeal. They also discuss something that's equally emotional and far more complex: the principle of meritocracy. The idea that everyone in America has an equal chance, that our fates are not determined by accidents of birth, is one of our core values. And nowhere is this principle more revered than in the technology economy; entrepreneurship is almost by definition an expression of meritocracy. The petitioners argue that repealing the tax will cost the Treasury billions of dollars in lost revenues and will result in either increased taxes in the long run or cuts to Medicare, Social Security, environmental protection and other government programs. Repealing the levy "would enrich the heirs of America's millionaires and billionaires, while hurting families who struggle to make ends meet," the petition says. Buffett told the Times that repealing the estate tax would be a "terrible mistake" and the equivalent of "choosing the 2020 Olympic team by picking the eldest sons of the gold-medal winners in the 2000 Olympics." An old brokerage commercial says: "He made his money the old-fashioned way: He earned it." There was a perfect parody of the ad in which the line read: "He made his money the old-fashioned way: He inherited it." In 20 or 50 or 100 years, which of these lines will be right? Buffett and Soros and friends, to their credit, want to help make the first one real. Let's hope this is only one step in that process.
1. Who will benefit most from the estate-tax repeal in practice?
TEXT E One of the most fascinating questions about human behavior is each person is different from all others. The answer to this question would explain the aspect of human nature called personality. Some theories assume that inborn characteristics determine human personality. Many observers have hypothesized that each person has a dominant temperament, present from birth, that influences his or her behavior during an entire lifetime. According to one of these theories, people can be classified into four basic types: sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic and melancholic. Each type or temperament is characterized by a unique set of possible strengths and possible weaknesses. Sanguine people are described as the most outgoing of the four temperaments. They are warm, fun-loving, and like the company of others. Because of these strengths, it is said that sanguines often make good salesmen, actors, or public speakers. Sanguines, however, may have some serious weaknesses. Their problem often come from their lack of discipline. Easily distracted, they often lack the concentration to complete a job or other people may not trust them. Choleric people, are quite different from the carefree, emotional sanguines. Because of their strong will, decisive ness, and productivity, cholerics are natural leaders who are good at making vast plans and motivating other people to help them carry out their plans. They are often successful in business, industry, or politics. Choleric weaknesses can be very damaging, however. Because a strong desire to lead, they can be cruel and cold towards those who do not wish to follow. They often do not listen to advice from others, and once they make a decision, they may became hostile towards anyone who questioning that decision. Phlegmatics are calm, easy-going people who strive for efficiency and organization. Very diplomatic and polite, they make people feel comfortable and generally help keep things running smoothly. For these reasons, they make good teachers, technicians, etc. Phlegmatics, however, often have weaknesses that keep them from becoming successful. Afraid to take chances, they may avoid taking any steps to improve their position in life. Melancholics are often considered to be gifted persons who possess creative talent. They are very analytical and able to understand complicated processes and to note detail. These people can make good doctors, scientists, artists, writers, and musicians. Melancholics are also said to be loyal, idealistic and self-sacrificing. However, melancholies frequently make themselves miserable because they tend to be negative and critical, and put up inflexible standards. They attach importance to everything they do, so they worry too much and see problems everywhere, and explain too much. They often become disappointed because neither they nor the people around them can live up to their high standards. Explaining human personality in terms of innate temperaments is a theory that has not been generally accepted by psychologists. They criticize it for being too simplistic and unscientific. This may be so: however, present-day psychologists have been unable to formulate a single theory.
1. The word "dominant" probably means ______.
A.primary
B.great
C.minor
D.insignificant
A B C D
A
从后文可以看出present from birth以及inborn一词,可以推断出dominant一词在此处的含义应为“基本的,最重要的”。
2. What are said to be the most important feature of Choleric people?
A.Cruel but sympathetic.
B.Decisive and cold.
C.Hostile and fun-loving.
D.Strong-willed and polite.
A B C D
B
从文中专门介绍choleric people的一段中要可以到decisiveness和be cruel and cold towards those who do not wish to follow这两个关键句,则可以推断出本题的答案。
3. Who are likely to be rejected by a bright-future project?
A.Cholerics.
B.Sanguines.
C.Melancholics.
D.Phlegmatics.
A B C D
C
从文中考生可以看到忧郁型的人frequently make themselves miserable,worry too much and see problems everywhere,and complain too much.They often become disappointed because neither they nor the people around them can live up to their high standards由此,考生可以推断出,本题最合适的答案应该是忧郁型的人。
4. Which of the following is NOT true about the American transportation in the 1860's?
A.The impact of railroads was still limited.
B.Passengers and freight had to transfer from railroads to other modes of transportation to reach western destinations.
C.Wagon freighters continued operating.
D.Railroad travel was quite expensive.
A B C D
D
PART Ⅵ WRITING
SECTION A COMPOSITION
1. Facing the graduation, many college students would be puzzled by this choice: to accept the high salary but give up the major or to find a low-income job that the major fits but pay no attention to the salary. Under the great pressure of employment, we often find that high salary is in direct contradiction to our humor preference. What will be your choice two years later? Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words to air your view. You are to write in three Parts: In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your composition. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
略
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
1. Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Bob, your roommate, forgot to wash his clothes under his bed, which sent off bad smells. Write him a note to complain about his poor habit. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
Sept. 17, 2010 Dear Bob, Our room used to be very tidy and clean, but recently things went to opposite. It seemed that you forgot to wash your clothes. And your unwashed clothes under your bed keep on sending off bad smells. I am writing to tell you I really can not bear the terrible smells. I would quite appreciate if you could wash them at your convenience. Yours, Tom