1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage.
Multi-touch software programs can be developed for specific business uses, /for general industry purposes, /or to integrate with existing business software and hardware systems. /These programs can be used simply for navigation purposes /and to control functions of a touch screen display /to run the everyday operations of even the most complicated companies. /And while start-ups and some well-established businesses /have chosen to have complete hardware and software solutions developed, /other businesses have taken advantage of the fact /that multi-touch software can integrate with current hardware systems /and save a substantial amount of money and resources. /Multi-touch software can take your existing Windows based systems. /This is accomplished by the reorganization of the desktop in a more visual-friendly format. It does not change the normal Windows operating system. /It just puts any Windows system at your fingertips.
[解析] W: I've been standing here since half past six! Where have you been? M: I'm terribly sorry I'm late for about an hour, but I just couldn't help it. I got here as soon as I could. W: Well, it's not soon enough. The opera's already started! M: I know and I'm sorry. W: It's really very well saying you're sorry but you know I've been waiting to see it all month! M: Look, just give me a chance to explain, please! W: All right. M: I was all ready to leave the office when my sister called round. Really hysterical! So I couldn't just rush off without a word. W: Go on! M: I invited her in and she told me that Jack--that's her boyfriend--had been knocked down and was seriously injured. So I stayed with her until she calmed down. Than I came here as quickly as I could. W: I see. M: I'm sorry. W: But you could have phoned me or sent me an SMS. It wouldn't have taken a minute. M: I did try, but your mobile phone just powered off. I am sorry about the play. I know how much you wanted to see it. W: Well, never mind. We can always see it some other time. M: Yes, of course we can. W: I'm sorry for the way I snapped at you. M: I understand. I'd have been just as angry in your place.
此题是测试事件的推理分析题,根据对话“I've been standing here since half past six!”和“I'm terribly sorry I'm late for about an hour ”,女士六点半就在剧院等,男士晚了一个小时,可知七点钟时女士还在等,因此正确答案是C。
2. How long did the woman wait to see the opera?
A.A day.
B.A week.
C.A month.
D.A year.
A B C D
C
此题是测试时问的事实细节题,根据对话“I've been waiting to see it all month!”可知答案是C。
3. Why was the man late for the opera?
A.Because he was knocked down by the car and was seriously injured.
B.Because he was too busy to remember the exact time of the opera.
C.Because he had to comfort his sister whose boyfriend was badly injured.
D.Because he was struck in the traffic jam and could hardly move forward.
A B C D
C
此题是测试原因的推理分析题,根据对话“her boyfriend-had been knocked down and was seriously injured ... So I stayed with here until she calmed down.”可知C符合题意。
4. What's the relationship between the two speakers?
[解析] W: Hi, Jim. Have you ever read the works of Ernest Hemingway? M: Oh, I like Hemingway very much, his style, the Hemingway theme with a Hemingway hero. W: You are really my bosom friend. Yes. Hemingway wrote all his life about one theme, that is "grace under pressure". The world Hemingway created is a world of violence, despair and death, a world in which man cannot find the meaning of life. M: Yes. I have the same feeling with you. But his hero is not a coward, a weeper. In face of inevitable defeat, keeping a stiff upper-lip means a kind of victory. W: So he often has stoic endurance. Even in defeat he can maintain some dignity; in spite of defeat he continues to fight with the despairing courage, which enables him to behave like a man, to assert his dignity in face, of adversity. From him we can see the spirit of the noble—Hemingway type of individualism. M: It is a kind of tragic beauty. I am deeply touched by their spirit, even though it's futile to fight. W: At least they give us a stir, give us an inspiration: never give up. M: Yes. Hemingway is a myth in his own times, and a myth in American literature. But he ended his life to the whole world's shock. W: He died a strong man, a hero. Few have such a despairing courage, and he did this with "grace under pressure.
6. What is NOT the feature of Hemingway's heroes?
A.Pay no attention to other's feelings.
B.In face of defeat they continue to fight with the despairing courage.
C.They cannot find the meaning of life.
D.They often have stoic endurance and fight in vain.
A B C D
A
7. We learn from the conversation all EXCEPT that
A.The man and the woman are close friends.
B.Hemingway is a coward because he committed suicide.
C.Hemingway's works have great influence on people.
D.The world created by Hemingway is full of tragedy and hopelessness.
[解析] W: Good morning. I'd just like to ask you a few questions about your visa application. M: Sure...Yes, that's all correct. W: Thank you. For your student visa, we need evidence of your financial status for the last years. In your application, you only included it for four years. M: Really? Let me check if I have the document here...yes, here is the document you need. I'm sorry. I must have forgotten to make a copy of it for you. W: Thank you. That's fine. The documents relating to your education are fine. The offer from the university is conditional on your English language proficiency test result Do you have that yet? M: Not yet. I took the test last weekend. The results will not be available for another two or three weeks. W: OK. Everything else is in order. I'll be happy to give you a student visa, valid for the duration of your course, when you bring me a certificate showing the result of your language test. M: Thank you very much. You don't need any other documents from me to process my application? W: None. Make an appointment to see me when you receive your results. When you bring the certificate to me, bring you passport too. Then I can give you the visa. M: Thank you very much. W: Glad to help.
[解析] 根据原文“For your student visa,we need evidence of your financial status for the last years.In your application,you only included it for four-years.”可知答案为B。
9. The results of the test will not be available for______.
A.another two or three weeks
B.two weeks
C.three weeks
D.another week
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据原文“The results will not be available for another two or three weeks.”可知答案为A。
10. How long will be the student visa valid for?
A.The duration of her stay.
B.The duration of her course.
C.A period of five years.
D.A period of four years.
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据对话中有“I'll be happy to give you a student visa,valid for the duration of your course”答案为B。
11. To get the visa, she has to bring______.
A.certificate of test
B.test paper
C.passport
D.A and C
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据对话中“When you bring the certificate to me,bring your passport too.Then I can give you the visa.”答案为D。
1. All of the following are causes of being bitten by mosquitoes EXCEPT______.
A.carbon dioxide and other odors
B.sweat
C.the quality of your skin
D.heart and blood pressure medicine
A B C D
C
[解析] Mosquitoes do not randomly perch on just anyone's body and begin sucking for the most fragrantly appealing humans. Mosquitoes use odor to sort attractive people from the unattractive to find those that are most tasty. Researchers found one sure way to stop attracting the little bugs--stop breathing. Mosquitoes can sniff out an attractive target from as far as 40 miles. When humans exhale, they expel a plume of C02 and other odors that travel through the air. The appetizing stir is the equivalent of a dinner bell, alerting mosquitoes that a warm meal is within range. When a mosquito is trailing an attractive target, it zigzags up the breath plume until it makes contact, landing on the skin and patiently searching for just the right spot to insert its styled for an eight-to-ten second feeding. Perspiration, a barely avoidable human condition, also is a mosquito lure--but only if the sweat has formed bacteria. Bathing helps reduce the attractiveness of sticky bodies, but after-bath products don't. Skin-care products that clean, soften and moisturize not only improve a person's appearance, they're also attractive to mosquitoes. Certain medications, including heart and blood pressure medicine, also alter a person's likelihood of being bitten. Scientists conducted the research to explore the tastes of mosquitoes and help humans protect themselves from mosquito-borne disease.
2. What is the sure way to stop being the target of mosquitoes?
A.Stopping breathing.
B.Taking a bath.
C.Reducing the sweat.
D.Wearing skin care products.
A B C D
A
3. How long will the sucking of the mosquito last?
A.Less than 8 seconds.
B.No more than 12 seconds.
C.8 to 10 seconds.
D.About 5 seconds.
A B C D
C
4. The ultimate purpose of the research is to______.
A.have a better understanding of the life of mosquitoes
B.prevent human beings from being bitten by mosquitoes
[解析] This coffee Can contains soil from my garden.And I prepared slide samples to show you that it is alive.This ordinary.backyard dirt is crawling with microbes(15).Microbes is not a very specific term.There are hundreds of thousands of different species called microbes.What they have to common is that we can't see them with a naked eye.They are microscopic.Look at this slide.You should see some round cells.Those are yeasts.Yeasts are fermenters.And they are necessary for making bread,beer,yogurt and so forth(16).Now look for an irregular shape with hairs coming out of it.That's a mold.Molds are decomposers,and they are responsible for the decomposition of my compile teeth.You should also see some protozoa.Some protozoa,like the one causes malaria are harmful to people.A microbic-caused disease is called a pathogen.Finally you should see a lot of squiggly lines.They are bacteria.The oldest form of life on earth.Like the other microbes,bacteria are single-cells that do not have a nuclear.So I've got about a teaspoon of soil in my hand here.In that teaspoon are about ten thousand protozoa,200 thousand mold cells,a million yeast,then probably a billion bacteria. 本文是典型的说明性文字。综合分析全文可以发现讲话人是在对微生物进行分类。 [名师点津] 短文中涉及一些较为生僻的词汇,如“microbe(微生物)”、“yeast(酵母)”、“decomposer(分解体)”、“protozoa(原生物)”、“pathogen(病原体)”等,但是对做题没多大影响,关键是要保持沉着冷静。
6. Why did the speaker take a soil sample from his garden?
A.To show how common microbes are.
B.To prove how well his gardening methods work.
C.To provide an example of an uncommon mold.
D.To diagnose why his plants are sick.
A B C D
A
讲话者提到从后院的泥土中就能找到很多微生物,就是要说明它们是多么常见。
7. What does the speaker imply about yeasts?
A.They are difficult to see in the slide.
B.There are an unusual number of them in the sample.
C.He finds them more interesting than other microbes.
8. What does the passage say about the eating behavior of sharks?
A.They eat huge amounts of food.
B.They usually eat twice a day.
C.They usually eat to their hearts' content.
D.They eat much less than people assume.
A B C D
D
[解析] To most of us sharks are the most dangerous fish in the sea and they attack humans. However, according to Doctor Clark, who has studied the behavior of sharks for twelve years, humans are not normally on the shark's menu. What do sharks feed on, mainly fish and other sea animals? Doctor Clark also found that sharks don't eat as much food as people think. For instance, a nine-year-old al-ark only needs two pound of food a day to keep healthy. But she says, sharks sometimes starve and at other times they fill themselves with what they have killed. Around the world, there are only about one hundred shark attacks on humans each year, ten of which proved fatal. But consider this, in the US alone, about three million people are bitten by dogs each year. Of these, thirty people die. If sharks bite you, says Doctor Clark, the reason is usually because of the mistake you have natural food. For example, say you went underwater-fishing and saw a shark, yon could be in trouble. The shark might go for the injured fish you had attacked and take a bite of you at the same time. If you go into a shark's territory and threaten it, it might try to bite you. That's because sharks are territorial and tend to guard their territory. Like dogs, they protect the area they think is their own.
9. When might a shark attack humans?
A.When it is breeding.
B.When it feels threatened by humans in its territory.
C.When its offspring is threatened.
D.When it is suffering from illness.
A B C D
B
10. What do we learn from the passage about sharks?
1. Tangled fighting between the three races broke out
A.before Serbs voted on a peace plan.
B.after Serbs voted on a peace plan.
C.when Serbs voted on a peace plan.
D.as soon as Serbs voted on a peace plan.
A B C D
C
[解析] Fighting flared yesterday in northern and southern Bosnia, pitting Serbs against Muslims and Muslims against Croats. Meanwhile, Bosnian Serbs voted on a peace plan they seem certain to reject. The defiance of Bosnian Serbs and the three-way fighting underlined the complexity of bringing peace to this rugged state. A brutal 13-month war had destroyed its elaborate ethnic quiet, stitched together by centuries of coexistence. The United States President had dismissed this weekend's Bosnian Serb referendum as a maneuver to buy time. He is expected to press reluctant Europeans for military action against Bosnia's Serbs if they do reject the apparently doomed Vance Owen plan.
[解析] 题目问的是三个种族发生混战时,塞尔维亚人就一项和平计划进行投票发生的时间。新闻中首先提到昨天又展开了激战,接着提到“Meanwhile, Bosnian Serbs...certain to reject”,由此可见,两件事是同时发生的,故答案为[C]。
2. Why did the United States President dismiss the Bosnian Serb referendum?
A.To delay the military action.
B.To reject the Vance Owen plan.
C.To destroy its elaborate ethnic quiet.
D.To press reluctant Europeans for military action.
A B C D
A
[解析] 题目问的是美国总统为什么取消本周末塞尔维亚的公民投票。新闻中提到了“The United States... as a maneuver to buy time”,其中buy time意思是“为某事争取时间”,由此可知答案为[A]。
3. What was Paula Radcliffe's performance like in Athens?
A.It was a success.
B.She failed one event there.
C.It was a failure.
D.She had a new world record there.
A B C D
C
[解析] World marathon record holder Paula Radcliffe has decided to run at 34 in the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing after Athens disappointment. The Briton failed to finish in either the marathon or 10,000m in last August's Games in Athens. "It was never a case of if I get what I want in Athens I will back off," Radcliffe told the Daily Mail. "I always wanted another Games. I hope to make 2012 too, maybe not at the same level but I hope to make the team." She said the misery of Athens offered her a new incentive. "Underneath it all, it has made me more determined to come back and show what I can do," she said. Radcliffe has no object on her schedule for the rest of the year and will probably make herself away from race till next April's London marathon.
[解析] [A]和[D]说的是Paula Radcliffe好的表现,而[B]和[C]说的是她不好的表现,故在听的过程中要注意区分哪方面是有用信息。由The Briton failed to finish... in last August's Games in Athens可知答案为[C]。
4. How old will she be if she makes the 2012 Olympics?
A.34.
B.38.
C.28.
D.Her age not mentioned.
A B C D
B
[解析] 题目问的是当她参加2012年奥运会时,她的年龄有多大。由新闻第一句... run at 34 in the 2008 Olympic Games...,可以推断到2012年她将是38岁,故答案为[B]。
5. What does she think of her Athens Games?
A.She thinks it an incentive.
B.She feels frustrated.
C.She is very excited.
D.She thinks she has reached a new level there.
A B C D
A
[解析] 题目问的是她如何看待雅典奥运会上的失败,由... the misery of Athens offered her a new incentive可知答案为[A]。
[解析] The Bosnian Serb government has given state prosecutors a list of nearly 900 people suspected of involvement in a massacre of thousands of Muslims at Srebrenica during the Bosnian War. All of those named hold official positions. Last year, the government acknowledged that Bosnian Serb forces were involved in a massacre in 1995 of more than 7, 500 Muslim men and boys when they overrun Srebrenica and surrounding areas. The government said it showed its determination to meet its obligations.
[解析] Beneath the Baltic Sea, a Pipeline is being built between Russia and Germany.Slated for completion by 2012, the 1,200-kilometer Northern European Pipeline is a $5 billion project that,will pump billions of cubic meters of natural gas from Western Siberia to Germany and the rest of Europe.The project has come to symbolize Europe's growing reliance on Moscow for its energy needs.The European Union buys 25 percent of its gas and 30 percent of its oil from Russia.Several E.U.members, including Slovakia and Finland, are totally dependent on Russian oil. The E.U.estimates that by 2020, three, quarters of its natural gas will be imported.The bulk will come from Russia, which has the biggest natural gas reserves in the world and a pipeline network enabling it to supply both the Far East and the West.Russia is also the world's second-largest oil producer.The Kremlin wants to build Russia's economic and political future around its energy.Through its Gazprom.Transneft and Rosneft oil and gas state-controlled monopolies and pipeline operators, Russia already commands nearly all of Central Asia's energy exports.
[解析] 数字细节题。新闻提到,横跨西伯利亚的天然气管道为1200公里长。故答案为C。
9. Which of the following details is INCORRECT?
A.Russia has the biggest natural gas reserves in the world.
B.Russia is the world's second-largest oil producer.
C.The European Union buys 30 percent of its gas and 25 percent of its oil from Russia.
D.The European Union estimates that by 2020, three-quarters of its natural gas will be imported.
[解析] French police say they have narrowly headed off a new bomb attack and arrested a man. Officials call a key figure in a three-month wave of bombings, Police seized bomb components in the Northern City of Lille and detained an Algerian in Paris. They say they arrested him after hearing him on a tapped telephone give orders to plant a bomb in the busy Lille market on Sunday.
[解析] 题目问的是法国警察逮捕一个男人的原因,由新闻中提到的“...after hearing him on a tapped telephone give orders to plant a bomb...”可知答案为[D]。
PART Ⅲ CLOZE How much seawater has been sprayed into the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors to keep them cool? More 1 than the number of tons of water is the amount of sea salt that was 2 in the reactors: ninety-nine thousand pounds 3 in reactors NO. 2 and 3, and fifty seven thousand in reactor No.1, according to the Times. 4 one might suppose, it is not good for any sort of 5 to have that much salt in it. During the Berlin Airlift, one of the biggest challenges was carrying salt into the city: no matter how it was 6 , it always seemed to get into and 7 the planes' engines. (And yet the city needed salt to survive. ) And it is not good for nuclear reactors; the heat and the way that it came in, on water, meant that it 8 and crystallized around the uranium fuel rods. From the Times: Crusts insulate the rods from the water and allow them to 9 up. If the crusts are thick enough, they can block water from 10 between the fuel rods. As the rods heat up, their zirconium cladding can rupture, 11 releases gaseous radioactive iodine inside and 12 even cause the uranium to melt and release much more radioactive material. Getting fresh water in will 13 . Fresh, or rather bottled, water, is also 14 babies have been drinking as far away as Tokyo, after the levels of radioactive iodine 131 in the water there proved too 15 . (One preventative move is taking potassium iodide, commonly added to table salt here. ) This afternoon, there was 16 that the iodine 131 level had dropped below the official level of danger for babies—but since there wasn't a very good explanation of how it got into Tokyo's water in the first place, that was less 17 than it might have been. But it was an up-and-down day for the 18 at Fukushima Daiichi: two workers were injured when water, 19 with radiation, got into their boots. They are in the hospital now. There was also white smoke above two of the reactors. It's not clear what that was 20 .
2. We find that some birds ______twice a year between hot and cold countries.
A.transfer
B.migrate
C.commute
D.mobilize
A B C D
B
transfer指“转移、转让(房产),调动、调任”或“(银行)过户、转账”等意义:commute 主要指乘火车往来住所与工作单位之间:migrate 指鸟类随季节变化定期迁移。注意动词移民为immigrate (移入),emmigrate(移入),相应的有“移民”immigrant 和emmigrant:mobilize主要指调动、鼓动,如:to mobilize the army in an emergency在紧急情况下调动军队。
4. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _____ he was twenty years ago.
A.which
B.that
C.who
D.whom
A B C D
B
[解析] 考点:语法知识。这里the man并不表示某个人,而是强调某个状态、属性或身份,所以不用C或D。that在从句中作表语,which作表语时一般引导非限制性从句,如:He was no longer strong/a student,which he was twenty years ago.这时不能用that代替。另一个值得知道的表达方式是:He was not what he was twenty years ago. [译文]多年的辛劳使他十分衰弱。他不再是二十年前的他了。
5. Taking photographs is strictly_______here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.
A.forbidden
B.rejected
C.excluded
D.denied
A B C D
A
[解析] 这里严禁拍照,因为那会破坏珍贵的壁画。 [考点]动词的含义及用法。forbid 指“来自权威机构或人物的禁止命令,不准,不许”,例如:Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall.(演奏厅内不准吸烟。)适用于本题,是正确答案。reject指“以否定、敌对的态度当面拒绝”,例如:They rejected damaged goods.(他们拒收损坏的货物。)deny指“坚定地否认某事”,例如:He denied the charge.(他否认指控。)exclude“拒绝接纳或考虑,排除,排斥”,例如:They excluded people under 18 from joining the club.(他们拒绝接纳18岁以下的未成年人加入俱乐部。)
6. Only ten to twenty percent of cold viruses are transmitted by carders, who, sneezing and coughing, ______the viruses into the air.
A.spray
B.sprinkle
C.spread
D.sprout
A B C D
A
spray表示“喷雾:(指液体)被喷洒”,如:The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aero planes.飞机把这些草籽大量地撒在地面上。sprinkle意为“洒、喷、淋”,如:She sprinkled sugar on the cakes.她把糖撤在蛋糕上。; spread,“传播”、“分散”,“张开: 伸展; 延长:加宽”,如:The bird spread its wings.这只鸟展开翅膀”sprout“抽条”、“发芽”、“萌芽”,如:Buds sprout in the spring.芽在春天萌发。按本句的意思“打喷嚏、咳嗽将病毒喷入空气中”,打喷嚏、咳嗽喷出的都是雾状物,因此应用spray 比较确切。
7. ______ vastness of the Grand Canyon, it is difficult to capture it in a single photograph.
12. The use of money is not limited to high civilizations; actually many primitive peoples have______ moneys of their own.
A.discovered
B.devised
C.diverted
D.diversified
A B C D
B
devise“设计”、“发明”,如:The Inquisition of the Medieval Ages devised many demoniac means of torture.中世纪的宗教法庭创造了许多骇人听闻的酷刑;discover“发现”,如:Scientists are now trying to discover if.this is possible.科学家们正在探索这是否可能:divert“转移”、“使转向”,如:A loud noise from the street diverted my attention.街上一阵喧闹声转移了我的注意力。diversity“使不同”、“使多样化”,如:One of the advantages of living in big cities is that they have lots of cinemas and other diversions.生活在大城市里的一个优点就是城里有许多电影院和其他娱乐场所。
13. It was necessary that he ______ everything ready ahead of time.
17. The board deemed it urgent that these files ______right away.
A.had to be printed
B.should have been printed
C.must be printed
D.should be printed
A B C D
D
与 urgent相关的名词从句中,谓语要用动词原形或者should+动词原形。
18. Parents often faced the ______ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.
19. After Mark Felt revealed himself to be Deep Throat, the breaking news ______ all over the globe in a second.
A.sparkled
B.flashed
C.shined
D.twinkled
A B C D
B
题意为:当Mark Felt揭示了自己是“深喉”之后,这个爆炸性的新闻瞬间就传遍了全球。 此题考查动词的近义词的区别。flash意思是“闪光,闪现,反射,使…迅速传遍”。其他几个词尽管有闪亮的意思,但是没有一个可以表示“使…迅速传遍”。sparkle意为“发火花,(使)闪耀,发光闪烁”;shine作不及物动词时意思是“照耀,发光”,过去式和过去分词为shone,但是作及物动词用时,意思是“擦亮”,过去式和过去分词为shined。twinkle意思是“闪烁,闪耀,(使)闪光”,如:The stars twinkled in the sky.
20. ______ air is to man, so is water to fish.
A.Like
B.As
C.Since
D.For
A B C D
B
as引导比较状语从句
21. However, as the evidence began to ______ experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate.
27. He stole into his room ______ he should awaken his parents.
A.in order that
B.so that
C.with the result that
D.in case
A B C D
D
[解析] “他偷偷地走进房间,恐怕会吵醒父母”。用连接词in case,表示恐怕,以免,万一等,类似的连接词还有两个:for fear that和lest。这些连接词后面的从句中—般都用动词should。
28. When it was my turn to introduce myself, I was so nervous that my mind went ______.
A.blank
B.faint
C.vain
D.dim'
A B C D
A
此题考查形容词词义。A项blank“空的;无思想的”,填入空中,“...mind went blank(脑中一片空白)”,符合题意。B项faint意为“隐约的;眩晕的”。C项vain意为“无价值的;徒劳的”。D项dim意为“暗淡的”。
29. The child will get somewhere ______ left uncared for.
A.if
B.since
C.offer
D.unless
A B C D
D
本句是状语从句的省略形式:unless he is left uncared for。词组get somewhere:有所作为;有所成效。
30. When preparing elementary school test, care should be taken______.
A.not to make the vocabulary more difficult than necessary
B.not to make the vocabulary that difficult
C.so as to not make the vocabulary part too hard
D.in not making the vocabulary a problem in terms of it difficulty
A B C D
A
本题意为:准备小学测试的时候,不必把注意力放在词汇的难度上。此题考查”not more +adj.+than necessary”这一结构的用法。
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION
TEXT A Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called" rem" . Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage-a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed(畸形的) children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.
1. We know from the passage that ______.
A.exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatal
B.the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming
C.radiation is avoidable in space exploration
D.astronauts in spacesuits needn't worry about radiation damage
Every newborn baby is dealt a genetic hand of cards which helps to determine how long he or she will be allowed to play the game of life. There are good cards, which predispose those who have them to a long and healthy existence, and there are bad cards, which predispose people to high blood pressure, say, or heart disease. Occasionally, cards are dealt out that doom their holders to an early death. In the past, people never knew exactly which cards — in other words, which genes — they had been dealt. They could guess at the future only by looking at the kind of health problems experienced by their parents or grandparents. Genetic testing, which makes it possible to probe for dangerous genes, has changed all this. But, until recently, if you tested positive for a bad gene, you were not obliged to reveal this to anyone else except in a few extreme circumstances. This month, however, Britain became the first country in the world to allow life insurers to ask for test results. So far, approval has been given only for a test for a fatal brain disorder known as Huntington's disease. But ten other tests (for seven diseases) are already in use and are awaiting similar approval. The independent body that gives approval, the Department of Health's Genetics and Insurance Committee does not have to decide whether the use of genetic information in insurance is ethical. It must judge only whether the tests are believable to insurers. In the case of Huntington's disease the answer is clear-cut. People unlucky enough to have this gene will die early, and cost life insurers dearly. This is only the start. Clear-cut genetic answers, where a gene is simply and directly related to a person's risk of death, are uncommon. More usually, a group of genes is associated with the risk of developing a common disease, dependent on the presence of other genetic or environmental factors. But, as tests improve, it will become possible to predict whether or not a particular individual is at risk. In the next few years researchers will discover more and more about the functions of individual genes and what health risks or benefits — are associated with them.
4. What does the word "cards" (Line 1, Para. 1) refer to?
A.Genes.
B.Disease.
C.Problems.
D.Games.
A B C D
A
语义题。根据第一段提到的“…which cards—in other words,which genes”,可见此处的 cards指的就是基因,故选[A]
5. What is the function of genetic testing according to this passage?
A.It helps people know what health problems their parents ever experienced.
B.It enables people to change those dangerous genes to better ones.
C.It reveals possible genetic diseases people may have.
D.It calls on the public to help people who have bad genes.
A B C D
C
推断题。根据第二段提到的“Genetic testing,which makes it possible to probe for dangerous genes.has changed all this.”。可见基因测试的目的是为了揭示人类所拥有的潜在危险基因,故选[C] [A] 、[B] 、[D] 在文中未提及。
6. What benefit can insurance companies get from the use of genetic information?
A.They can help to save the lives of those who have bad genes.
B.The can save a lot of money.
C.They can gain trust from their customers.
D.They can clear the misunderstanding of their customers.
A B C D
B
推断题。根据第四段最后一句提到的“People unlucky enough to have this gene will die early, and cost life insurers dearly.”(不幸有这种基因的人将会英年早逝,使人寿保险公司损失惨重。)可见了解基因测试的结果可以帮助人寿保险公司节省很多钱,故选[B]
7. Which of the following statements is CORRET according to the passage?
A.It is impossible to get clear-cut genetic answers at present.
B.Environmental factors are more important than genes.
C.Genetic factors may contribute to some common diseases.
D.It is common that some genes are directly related to a person's risk of death.
A B C D
C
推断题。根据最后一段提到的“More usually,a group of genes is associated with the risk of developing a common disease…”,可见基因有可能诱发一些普通疾病,故选[C]
8. What is the author's purpose of writing the passage?
A.To show the way genetic testing works.
B.To indicate the relation between genes and Huntington's disease.
C.To reveal the influence of environmental factors on genes.
TEXT B OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be a quaint, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world's largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures, the benchmark contract for pricing two-thirds of the world's oil. The NYMEX is trying to snatch liquidity from London's International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York Exchange has hitherto concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE's efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch. The New York Exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from "locals" — self-employed traders — is helping to prop up open-outcry, although some reckon that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to abolish its floor. Only last month it signed a lease, lasting until 2011, for its trading floor in London. Dublin's new pit is "showing promise", says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man' Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5, 726 lots of Brent ( each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE's new morning electronic session. By the year's end, predicts Mr. Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be viable. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain. Ultimately, having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable. Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe's largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little headway. And the NYMEX has dabbled in Brent contracts before, without success. Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not band together? There have been merger talks before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more staid IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will slug it out — across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.
1. Which statements is true as to the description of the NYMEX and IPE?
A.They are both adopting open-outcry trading practice.
B.They are both making efforts to modernize the trading practice.
C.They are competing in the oil trading market.
D.They are competing to take the largest share in world's commodity trade.
2. The NYMEX has focused on West Texas Intermediate in order to ______.
A.open an open-outcry pit in Dublin
B.respond to the IPE's efforts to modernise
C.price two-thirds of the world's oil
D.get liquidity from its rival
A B C D
D
细节题。文章第一段介绍了纽约商品交易所在都柏林采用公开叫价的交易方式,第二段一开始就解释了原因trying to snatch liquidity from London's International petroleum Exchange,为此纽约交易所把注意力都集中在了西德州轻质原油这个美国交易基准上。由此可见,D为正确答案。
3. The pressure of local traders actually encourages ______.
TEXT C There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided mate rial for art and drama. Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium". In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect - success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the sun -- as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities. Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales ( about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.The origins of theater.
B.The role of ritual in modern dance.
C.The importance of storytelling.
D.The variety of early religious activities.
A B C D
A
根据文章第一句There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.及第三段第一句 Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling.可知本文是讨论戏剧的起源的。故选项A为正确答案。
2. What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?
A.The reason drama is often unpredictable.
B.The seasons in which dramas were performed.
C.The connection between myths and dramatic plots.
5. The passage supports which of the following statements?
A.No one really knows how the theater began.
B.Myths are no longer represented dramatically.
C.Storytelling is an important part of dance.
D.Dramatic activities require the use of costumes.
A B C D
A
通过阅读文章可知,选项A为正确答案。
TEXT D Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can be credited with conscious processing. Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the sun's position in the sky, and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained how bees, whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site. Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found that mother chimpanzees occasionally show their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzees compared two pairs of food containing chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, five chips and three chips, the other four chips and three chips. Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total showing some sort of summing ability. Other chimpanzees have learned to label quantities of items and do simple sums.
1. Which of the following is NOT discussed as an ability animals are thought to have?
C.To increase the speed of travel to food sources,
D.To identify the type of nectar that is available.
A B C D
B
细节理解题。文章第二段在蜜蜂跳舞的例子中提到“communicate the sources of nectar(花蜜)to one another”,还有下一句“The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the sun's position in the sky,”因此,B为正确答案。其他三项题干内容均与原文不符。
3. It can be inferred from the passage that brain size is assumed to ______.
A.be an indicator of cognitive ability
B.vary among individuals within a species
C.be related to food consumption
D.correspond to levels of activity
A B C D
A
推理题。作者在文章第二段举蜜蜂跳舞交流食物地点的例子提到“No one has yet explained how bees,whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce.could have inferred the location of the new site”,由此可知,人们的假设是“大脑尺寸反映认知能力”。所以,A选项为正确答案。其他均未被提及。
4. It can be inferred from the statement about mother chimpanzees and their young (lines 21-23) that young chimpanzees have difficulty ______.
5. Scientists concluded from the experiment with chimpanzees and chocolate chips that chimpanzees ______.
A.lack abilities that other primates have
B.prefer to work in pairs or groups
C.exhibit behavior that indicates certain mathematic ability
D.have difficulty selecting when given choices
A B C D
C
推理题。文章在第三段简单介绍完“大猩猩选择巧克力”的实验后指出“showing some sort of summing ability”,由此可知,它们具有数学计算能力。因此,C选项为正确答案。
TEXT E As the hot arctic summer drew to a close, till the magenta sun only slid along the horizon to sink again at once, the polar bear knew that a hard time lay ahead for her. During the months of night, fifty degrees below zero, her cubs would be born, the great task of motherhood was already begun, the time soon coming when she would bury herself deep down under the snow to give birth. From then until the day when she and the cubs burrowed up into daylight again she would not eat. She and they must live on what she had stored in her body during the summer, and on what she could catch and eat now. She must finish fattening herself up for the ordeal, and there was not much time left. She was not clearly aware of what was happening in her body, but the instinct was there to love the unborn cubs, to prepare for them and protect them; she did not risk her body in careless adventures as she would at other times. But food? Food-- Suddenly, away down the ice-field, she saw a blackish slug on the ice--a seal. It was essential to catch him. In a moment she had decided on her approach, and slipped silently into the water to cut off his line of retreat. The ice rocked as her great weight left it. By a series of cunning dives and approaches, and keeping under the shoulder of ice, she got near to the seal. Breathing carefully, every nerve keyed to the task of silent approach, ready to spring--to dive--to slaughter, she slid nearer---nearer--- Suddenly the seal saw her. Terror convulsed his face. He swung away from her, humping madly along. The bear lunged up out of the water, on to the ice, on to the terrified seal. The water slashed off her everywhere like a tidal wave. There was a flurry of snow and water and fighting seal. His quick struggling body flapped under her as she slew him. Blood spurted on to the snow. When the seal was dead, the bear attended first to herself, getting rid of the wet from her coat before it could freeze, although oil had kept off the frost so far. Now for the seal. She ripped up the body, turning back the skin and blubber, letting out a cloud of steam, and ate greedily of the hot crimson meat. Seal meat was her favorite, full of flavor, a hot meal, not like the white icy flakes of cod. Presently she saw upright seals coming along the shore. They were rather rare creatures, these, and dangerous for all they were so weak. The places where they lived had light and noise, and smelled full of good food. The she-bear often drew near the places, attracted by those smells. She hunted these land-seals too, and ate them when she could. They were not like the sea-seals, though. They wore seal fur, and their skins were rubbed with seal blubber, but there was a different taste inside.
1. We learn from the passage that after the polar bear gave birth to her babies ______ before the months of night were over.
A.the bear would get out of the snow and get something for the babies to eat
B.the babies would get out of the snow and live on their own
C.the bear would stay in the snow and eat nothing
D.the babies would stay with her and eat nothing
A B C D
C
文章第二段说北极熊生产之后会待在雪里面,不吃任何东西,直到漫长的极夜结束,因此选C。
2. The polar bear got nearer to the seal by ______.
A.sliding over the ice sheet
B.tiptoeing on the ice sheet
C.swimming under the ice sheet
D.crawling from behind the seal
A B C D
C
第五、六段告诉我们北极熊跳到水里,从冰盖下面游到海豹跟前,因此选C。
3. When the seal was killed, the bear first ______.
A.tore off the seal's skin from its body
B.dried up herself
C.rubbed her skin with seal oil
D.treated herself with seal meat
A B C D
B
第十段说当北极熊杀死海豹后先抖掉了身上的水,因此选B。
4. The upright seals mentioned in the last paragraph were ______.
A.human beings
B.a rare kind of seal
C.seals which live on the land
D.a dangerous species living upon polar bears
A B C D
A
本文是从一只北极熊的视角来讲述故事,最后一段中提到的直立行走的“海豹”的住处有亮光,自然指的是人。
PART Ⅵ WRITING
SECTION A COMPOSITION
1. Having a Company before Graduation You are to write in three parts: In the first part, state what you think is the best way. In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons. In the third part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may; result in a loss of marks.
Having a Company before Graduation Recently, having a company is becoming a fashionable trend for students when they are still in college. However, different people have different opinions towards this phenomenon. Having a company before graduation can bring some advantages to the students. Firstly, the students can earn some money and support themselves. That will raise their independent and exploring spirit. Secondly, the companies can serve as an important channel for the students to communicate with the outside world. Finally, the students can learn some practical experience which they cannot learn in college. However, the negative effects of having a company before graduation should not be neglected. To run a company will cost much time which should be spent on studying. The main task of students is studying, and that's why many students abandoned the company and returned to classes. In addition, college students lack fi nancial support and economic knowledge to handle a company. In my opinion, we should encourage students to have a company in order to gain some experience and mon ey on the condition that running a company will not affect their study. After all, the major part of the students' energy should be put on their studying.
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
1. Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your friend Mary has just won the first prize in the CCTV Cup English Speaking Contest. Write a note of congratulations. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
Dear Mary, You can hardly imagine how excited I was when I heard that you had won the first prize in the CCTV Cup English Speaking Contest. Congratulations! I understand that you have been taking pains W perfect your oral English. No pains, no gains. Your performance is more than wonderful. You deserve the prize completely. Congratulations again! Yours, lulia